ReadMe file for the datasets associated with the article Article Title:Facilitation drives deceptive resistance to climate warming on rocky shores Authors: Laura J. Jurgens, Lauren W. Ashlock, and Brian Gaylord Usage: Any use of these data must include full citation of the article and authors Creative Commons Zero (CC0 1.0) Abstract A huge fraction of global biodiversity resides within biogenic habitats that ameliorate physical stresses. In most cases, details of how physical conditions within facilitative habitats respond to external climate forcing remain unknown, hampering climate change predictions for many of the world’s species. Using intertidal mussel beds as a model system, we characterize relationships among external climate conditions and within-microhabitat heat and desiccation conditions. We use these data, along with physiological tolerances of two common inhabitant taxa (the isopod Cirolana harfordi and the crab Petrolisthes cinctipes), to examine the magnitude of climate risk inside and outside biogenic habitat, applying an empirically derived model of evaporation to simulate mortality risk under a high-emissions climate-warming scenario. We found that biogenic microhabitat conditions were so effectively decoupled from external climate parameters that mortality risk was largely unaffected by climate warming. This suggests that strongly facilitated populations may have little opportunity for natural selection to build adaptive tolerance. Rather, such taxa are likely to appear deceptively resistant to warming, even while they bear extreme and growing vulnerability to declines in habitats that provide critical climate refugia. Methods details are given in the associated Dryad repository page Metadata details with definitions of field (column) headers are given below and in the file titled Field_. Files include field trial data for 2 species in the file Animal_trials.csv; and agar experiment data in the file Agar_data.csv. Data included in Figure 4 of the paper, which were used to calculate present day (2012) and future (2099) distributions of high-end evaporation stress for each species and which include environmental data with resampling for 2012 (measured) and 2099 (simulated; see Methods for details) are given by focal species C. harfordi and P. cinctipes and microhabitat. In each file, data were measured or calculated for intertidal microhabitats and species given in the file name using equations and methods described in Methods. These data are contained in the files: C.harfordi_MusselBed_EvapCalc_Fig4.csv, C.harfordi_Rock_EvapCalc_Fig4.csv, P.cinctipes_MusselBed_EvapCalc_Fig4.csv, P.cinctipes_Rock_EvapCalc_Fig4.csv File_name Field_ID Field_definition Animal_trials.csv Species C.harfordi (Cirolana harfordi) or P.cinctipes (Petrolisthes cinctipes) Animal_trials.csv Size.cm Carapace width of P.cinctipes or body length for C.harfordi Animal_trials.csv Mass.Before.g Individual mass in grams weighed after >24h in flowing seawater but before field trials Animal_trials.csv Mass.After.g Individual mass in grams weighed after field trials Animal_trials.csv Mass.Lost.g Individual mass lost in grams over field trial duration, calculated as Mass.After.g - Mass.Before.g; negative values represent mass gained Animal_trials.csv Mass.Lost.mg Mass lost in milligrams over field trial, scaled from Mass.Lost.g Animal_trials.csv Trial.Duration.min Actual duration of field exposure trial in minutes Animal_trials.csv Habitat Microhabitat treatment location of individual during field trial, either "Inside" meaning inside a mussel bed, or "Rock" meaning on exposed bedrock adjacent to the mussel bed at the same shore elevation Animal_trials.csv Dead 0 denotes alive after the field trial and 24h recovery in flowing seawater; 1 denotes dead (see paper for details of vitality assessments) Animal_trials.csv Temp.C.mean Microhabitat temperature mean during the field trial, in Celcius, measured by temperature loggers installed in each habitat Animal_trials.csv RH.mean Mean relative humidity in percent saturation during field trials, measured by small loggers in each habitat Animal_trials.csv RH.mean.proportion Mean relative humidity in proportional saturation during field trials, measured by small loggers in each habitat Animal_trials.csv Solar.Radiation Incident solar radiation measured within 100m of the field site, mean of hourly measurements, in Watts per square meter Animal_trials.csv Ds_kPA Saturation deficit, calculated as described in Eqn. 1 in the associated paper, given in kPA Animal_trials.csv Ds_PA Saturation deficit, calculated as described in Eqn. 1 in the associated paper, given in Pascals Animal_trials.csv u_mean_1m Mean wind velocity during the field trial, measured at 1m above the intertidal substrate Animal_trials.csv E_calc_hab_g/s Calculated evaporation for the field trial by microhabitat, from Eqn 1 in the associated paper, given in grams per second Animal_trials.csv E_actual_indiv_g/s Actual evaporation measured from the individual, based on Mass.Lost.g over the trial duration, given in grams per second Animal_trials.csv E_calc_hab_mg/hr Calculated evaporation for the field trial by microhabitat, from Eqn 1 in the associated paper, given in milligrams per hour Animal_trials.csv E_actual_indiv_mg/hr Actual evaporation measured from the individual, based on Mass.Lost.g over the trial duration, given in milligrams per hour Agar_data.csv Agar_ID Number assigned to individual 2cm x 2 cm agar cube (98% water) Agar_data.csv Date Date of field trial Agar_data.csv Deployed_pdt Time, in PDT, field trial began; when agar cubes were placed in the field in the assigned habitat Agar_data.csv Retreived_pdt Time, in PDT, field trial concluded; when agar cubes were returned to plastic container Agar_data.csv Duration_min Duration of trial; 180 minutes for most trials unless field conditions (waves/tide) required shortened duration Agar_data.csv g_before Mass of agar cube in grams prior to field trial, in grams Agar_data.csv g_after Mass of agar cube in grams after field trial, in grams Agar_data.csv g_lost Calculated value that represents grams of water mass lost per agar cube Agar_data.csv Hab_type Habitat in which the agar cube was placed for the trial, either inside a mussel bed or in a rock clearing at the same shore elevation Agar_data.csv Temp_hab_av Mean habitat temperature (°C) measured in the Hab_type during the trial; calculated from data logged by iButton hygrochron temperature/humidity loggers placed in the habitat near 3 of the agar cubes Agar_data.csv Temp_hab_max Maximum habitat temperature (°C) measured in the Hab_type during the trial; from data logged by iButton hygrochron temperature/humidity loggers placed in the habitat near 3 of the agar cubes Agar_data.csv RH_hab_mean Mean RH in proportional saturation (for a given temperature), measured in the Hab_type during the trial; calculated from data logged by iButton hygrochron temperature/humidity loggers placed in the habitat near 3 of the agar cubes Agar_data.csv Ps(T)_hab Saturation vapor pressure at a given air temperature, caluclated using the Buck equation for values of Temp_hab_av Agar_data.csv Ds_hab_kPA Saturation deficit, in kPA, for the given trial and habitat (therefore the same for all agar cubes in the same trial and habitat), calcluated from Ps(T) as 1-[RH_hab_mean]*[Ps(T)_hab] Agar_data.csv Wind_1m_m/s Wind speed in meters/second measured with a hand-held anemometer at 1m above the substrate in the field. The value given is the mean of 3 measurements, 1 per hour of the trial duration. Fig.2a-d_data.csv Date Trial date Fig.2a-d_data.csv Time Time of measurements (local time) Fig.2a-d_data.csv RH_surf Relative humidity measured at the surface of rock clearings Fig.2a-d_data.csv RH_int Relative humidity measured within mussel beds Fig.2a-d_data.csv Temp_surf Temperature in celsius measured at the surface of rock clearings Fig.2a-d_data.csv Temp_int Temperature in celsius measured within mussel beds Fig.2a-d_data.csv Sol_rad Solar radiation measured at the BOON station in watts per meter squared Fig.2a-d_data.csv Wind_m/s Wind speed measured at 1 m above the substrate, in meters per second Fig.2a-d_data.csv Air_C Air temperature in celsius measured at the BOON station AirSeawater_Fig1data.csv Date_time Date and time of measurements (UTC) AirSeawater_Fig1data.csv Air_C Air temperature in celsius measured at the BOON station AirSeawater_Fig1data.csv SW_C Seawater temperature in celsius measured at the BOON station Habitat_temps_Fig1b.csv Date_time Date and time of measurements (local) Habitat_temps_Fig1b.csv Rock_C Rock temperature measured with iButton logger at a single location Habitat_temps_Fig1b.csv Rock_repl Replicate number of Rock_C measurement Habitat_temps_Fig1b.csv Mussel_C Mussel bed (internal) temperature measured with iButton logger Habitat_temps_Fig1b.csv Mussel_repl Replicate number of Mussel_C measurement Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Species Crustacean species to which empircal scaling of Eqn 1 parameters applies, either Cirolana harfordi or Petrolisthes cinctipes Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Datetime_PDT Date and time (local; either PDT or PST depending on day of the year) Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Rock_C Rock microhabitat temperature in celsius measured by iButton loggers, mean of 3 deployed loggers measuring at the same time Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv RH_Rresamp Relative humidity at rock surface from resampled data from 13 days of low-tide field measurements, bounded by maximum and minimum of all actual field observations Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv u_1m_resamp Wind speed, measured at 1m elevation, from resampled data from 13 days of low-tide field measurements, bounded by maximum and minimum of all actual field observations Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Ps(T)_R saturation vapor pressure at temperature Rock_C Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Ds_KPA_R saturation deficit in Kilopascals; Ps(T)(1 – RH); for Rock_C and RH_Rresamp Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv E_cur_g_per3h_ROCK Calculated evaporation under current (2012-13) reference conditions based on Eqn. 1, in grams per 3-hours, for rock surfaces Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv E_cur_mg_per3h_ROCK Calculated evaporation under current (2012-13) reference conditions based on Eqn. 1, in milligrams per 3-hours, for rock surfaces Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Rock_C_future Rock microhabitat temperature in celsius estimated for 2099 under +5.5C scaled from Rock_C scaled as described in Methods Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv u_1m_future Wind speed from u_1m_Rresamp scaled to +2 m/2 Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Ps(T)_futR saturation vapor pressure at temperature Rock_C_future Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Ds_kPA(futR) saturation deficit in Kilopascals; Ps(T)(1 – RH); for Rock_C_future and RH_Rresamp Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv E_g_per3h_FUT_ROCK Calculated evaporation under future (2099) conditions based on Eqn. 1, in grams per 3-hours, for rock surfaces Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv E_mg/3h_FUT_ROCK Calculated evaporation under future (2099) conditions based on Eqn. 1, in milligrams per 3-hours, for rock surfaces Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Inside_C Inside-mussel-bed microhabitat temperature in celsius measured by iButton loggers, mean of 3 deployed loggers measuring at the same time Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv RH_Mresamp Relative humidity inside mussel beds from resampled data from 13 days of low-tide field measurements, bounded by maximum and minimum of all actual field observations Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv u_1m_resamp same as above Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Ps(T)_M saturation vapor pressure at temperature Inside_C Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Ds__M saturation deficit in Kilopascals; Ps(T)(1 – RH); for Inside_C and RH_Mresamp Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv E_cur_g_per3h_INSIDE Calculated evaporation under current (2012-13) reference conditions based on Eqn. 1, in grams per 3-hours, for inside-mussel-bed microhabitats Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv E_cur_mg_per3h_INSIDE Calculated evaporation under current (2012-13) reference conditions based on Eqn. 1, in milligrams per 3-hours, for inside-mussel-bed microhabitats Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Inside_C_fut Mussel bed microhabitat temperature in celsius estimated for 2099 under +5.5C scaled from Inside_C scaled as described in Methods Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv u_1m_future same as above Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Ps(T)_futM saturation vapor pressure at temperature Inside_C_future Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv Ds_kPA(futM) saturation deficit in Kilopascals; Ps(T)(1 – RH); for Inside_C_future and RH_Mresamp Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv E_fut_g_per3h_INSIDE Calculated evaporation under future (2099) conditions based on Eqn. 1, in grams per 3-hours, for inside-mussel-bed microhabitats Fig4data_Cirolana.csv, Fig4data_Petro.csv E_mg/3hr_FUT_INSIDE Calculated evaporation under future (2099) conditions based on Eqn. 1, in milligrams per 3-hours, for inside-mussel-bed microhabitats Air_Hab_2012_hourly_Fig.2ef.csv Date_time Date and time of measurements (UTC) Air_Hab_2012_hourly_Fig.2ef.csv Air_C Air temperature measured at BOON station in celsius Air_Hab_2012_hourly_Fig.2ef.csv Rock_C Rock surface microhabitat temperature measured with iButton in celsius Air_Hab_2012_hourly_Fig.2ef.csv Mussel_C Mussel interior habitat temperature measured with iButton in celsius