Title: Varied female and male courtship behavior facilitated the evolution of a novel sexual signal Journal: Behavioral Ecology Authors: Sophia Anner, University of Denver, sophia.anner@louisville.edu; Sophia Fitzgerald, University of Denver, sophia.fitzgerald@umontana.edu; Robin Tinghitella, University of Denver, robin.tinghitella@du.edu Contact Robin Tinghitella (robin.tinghitella@du.edu) for questions regarding analyses. Following data collection, we cleaned our dataset by removing trials where the male did not stridulate (unless the female still mounted) and fixing any errors, such as typos or unusable trials (for example, one in which the male appeared to die and the female began to eat him). We also removed trials if the male morph, as determined by our ear, did not fit the majority morph for the population (typical from Hilo, purring from Kalaupapa, and silent from Wailua) because we wanted to represent one morph per population. Please refer to the commented code in the analysis R markdown for the process of analysis. The data are located in the file title "20220308_Fitzgeraldetal_CourtshipBehaviorData.csv". The data analysis is located in the file titled "20220308_Fitzgeraldetal_CourtshipBehaviorAnalysis.csv". The code for creating figures 2, 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b are in the file titled "20220308_Fitzgeraldetal_CourtshipBehaviorFigures.csv" (note: some of the visual aspects of the figure were processed in Inkscape after creating them in R). Figures 1 and 5 are conceptual and were created in Inkscape. Here is the summary of column names and if there are NA values. male_morph: the morph of the male cricket (typical, purring, or silent). typical males are from Hilo, purring males are from Kalaupapa, and silent males are from Wailua female_population: the population of the female (Hilo, Kalaupapa, or Wailua) male_pronotum and female_pronotum: the measurement (to the nearest 0.01mm) of the plate-like structure covering the thorax, a standard proxy for body size, for male and female crickets female_age: the number of days between the female's final molt (eclosion) and her trial latency_strid_sec: the number of seconds from the start of the trial to when the male began stridulating. there are some NA values in a few trials where females mounted the male without him stridulating mount: TRUE if the female mounted the male, FALSE if she did not latency_to_mount: the number of seconds from the male stridulating to the female mounting. there are NA values if the female did not mount the male female_aggression: TRUE if the female displayed aggression towards the male, FALSE if she did not male_consistent_courting: TRUE if the male courted the female for more than 50% of the trial, FALSE if he courted for less than 50% of the trial