Knifefish turning performance during forward swimming Corresponding author information: Olivia H. Hawkins, ohawkins.research@gmail.com Corresponding author affiliation: Kennesaw State University 1000 Chastain Drive Kennesaw, GA 30144 University of Louisiana at Lafayette 104 E University Circle Lafayette, LA 70503 Co-author information: Victor M. Ortega-Jimenez, ornithopterus@gmail.com Georgia Institute of Technology North Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30332 Christoper P. Sanford, christopher.sanford@csun.edu California State University at Northridge 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge, California 91330-8232 Date of collection: 01/09/2020-11/27/2020 @ Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA KEYWORDS: maneuverability, biomechanics, ribbon fin, fish locomotion Language: English Funding: Start up funds awarded to C.P.S. from Kennesaw State University College of Science and Mathematics __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FILE INFORMATION FILE ONE: IndividualxTreatment_HawkinsJimenezSanford_2021.xlsx [Data set used for statistical analysis including the means of each fish (N=6) per each treatment.] File type: Excel Date of final curation: 02/17/2021 Variables: FishID = fish identification number Treatment = behavior steady swimming: forward swimming small turn: forward swimming with small turning maneuver large turn: forward swimming with large turning maneuver Heading Angle: Average angle of head movement from centerline Pitch angle: The average angle of body orientation from the horizontal axis Yaw max: Maximum angle of body orientation from the centerline Yaw angle: Average angle of body orientation from the centerline Pectoral flapping frequency: Average number of times pectoral fins flapped in a given sequence divided by the time of the sequence (in Hz) Pectoral angle: Average angle of abduction (away from body) of left pectoral fin in lateral view Right pectoral angle: Average angle of abduction (away from body) of right pectoral fin in ventral view Left pectoral angle: Average angle of abduction (away from body) of left pectoral fin in ventral view Ribbon fin wavelength: Average distance from crest to crest of ribbon fin Ribbon fin amplitude: Average angle formed from the movement of crest to crest of ribbon fin Ribbon fin frequency: Average number of fin undulations per second, in Hz Wavespeed: Average speed of the ribbon fin undulations using the first derivative of MSE quintic spline function Body bending: Average coefficient corresponding to the length of the body and the distance from snout to caudal fin during curvature Asynchrony index: Average of AI index that uses differences in fin positions over time to estimate the percentage of time fins are used asynchronously. FILE TWO: AllObservations_HawkinsJimenezSanford_2021.xlsx [Data set with compiled means from each digitization sequence for each treatment for each fish (N=6)]. File type: Excel Date of final curation: 02/17/2021 Variables: File header: The name of the video file Frames: The selected frame sequence that was analyzed from the video FishID = fish identification number Treatment = behavior steady swimming: forward swimming small turn: forward swimming with small turning maneuver large turn: forward swimming with large turning maneuver HeadingAngle: Average angle of head movement from centerline HeadingAngle_std: Standard deviation of heading angle during sequence HeadingAngle_max: Maximum heading angle during sequence Pitch: Pitch angel- the average angle of body orientation from the horizontal axis pitch_std: Standard deviation of the pitch angle through the sequence pitch_max: Maximum pitch angle through the sequence yaw_max: Maximum angle of body orientation from the centerline max_yaw: Maximum angle of body orientation from the centerline (this is the used column for data analysis) yaw_me: Average angle of body orientation from the centerline yaw_std: Standard deviation of yaw angle Bodylength: The average length of the body from snout to the tip of caudal fin (in cm) bodylength_std: Standard deviation of the body length Pfinlength: The average length of the pectoral fins measured in the ventral view (in cm) Pfinlength_std: Standard deviation of the pectoral fin length Freq_pectoral: Average number of times pectoral fins flapped in a given sequence divided by the time of the sequence (in HZ) Freq_pectoral_std: Standard deviation of pectoral fin flapping frequency Freq_pectoral_max: Maximum value of pectoral fin flapping frequency PecAngle: Average angle of abduction (away from body) of left pectoral fin in lateral view PectoralAngle_std: Standard deviation of pectoral angle PectoralAngle_max: Maximum pectoral angle RFwlength: Average ribbon fin wavelength- the distance from crest to crest of ribbon fin RFwlength_std: Standard deviation of ribbon fin wavelength RFwlength_max: Maximum value of ribbon fin wavelength ampRF: Average ribbon fin amplitude- the angle formed from the movement of crest to crest of ribbon fin ampRF_std: Standard deviation of ribbon fin amplitude ampRF_max: Maximum value of ribbon fin amplitude FreqRF: Average ribbon fin frequency- the number of fin undulations per second (in Hz) FreqRF_std: Standard deviation of ribbon fin frequency FreqRF_max: Maximum value of ribbon fin frequency Wspeed: Average ribbon fin wavespeed- the speed of the ribbon fin undulations using the first derivative of MSE quintic spline function Wspeed_std: Standard deviation of ribbon fin wave speed Wspeed_max: Maximum ribbon fin wave speed Bbcoef: Average body bending coefficient- the coefficient corresponding to the length of the body when straight and the distance from snout to caudal fin during turning bbcoef_std: Standard deviation of the body bending coefficient bbcoef_max: Maximum value for body bending coefficient AI: Average Asynchrony Index- index that uses differences in fin positions over time to estimate the percentage of time fins are used asynchronously. PecAngleRight: Average abuduction angle (away from body) of right pectoral fin during the sequence in ventral view. PecAngleLeft: Average abuduction angle (away from body) of left pectoral fin during the sequence in ventral view. LEFTorRIGHT: The direction of the turn Treatment: Dummy coded assignment of treatment. 1= Steady swimming/control, 2= Small turn, 3= Large turn FILE THREE: RawDataSet_fishxtreatment_HawkinsJimenezSanford_2021.xlsx [Data set with all calibrated digitization coordinates in the x, y, and z planes for each analyzed sequence. Small turn files can be found in sheets 1- 43, large turn files can be found in sheets 44-80, and steady swimming files can be found in sheets 81- 118. Point 1 (tip of snout], Point 2 (end of head), Point 3 (body point in between pectoral fins), Point 4 (body point), Point 5 (body point), Point 6 (caudal peduncle), Point 7 (tip caudal fin), Point 8 (left pectoral fin tip), Point 9 (left pectoral fin base), Point 10 (right pectoral fin tip), Point 11 (right pectoral fin base), Point 12 (ribbon fin tip), Point 13 (ribbon fin base corresponding to Point 12), Point 14 (ribbon fin tip of a contiguous wave).] File type: Excel Date of final curation: 02/17/2021 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: All variables with more in depth definitions/equations where applicable are found in Hawkins et al. 2022 and Ortega-Jimenez and Sanford, 2021. Detailed methods can also be accessed through these articles as well. The articles are linked below. Please email the corresponding authors if you cannot access the article or have questions. Olivia H. Hawkins, Victor M. Ortega-Jimenez, Chris P. Sanford; Knifefish turning control and hydrodynamics during forward swimming. J Exp Biol 2022; jeb.243498. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243498 email: ohawkins.research@gmail.com Victor M. Ortega-Jiménez, Christopher P. Sanford; Beyond the Kármán gait: knifefish swimming in periodic and irregular vortex streets. J Exp Biol 15 May 2021; 224 (10): jeb238808. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.238808 email: ornithopterus@gmail.com ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ To use the data: Point file data (File 3) were extracted using Ty Hedrick's Direct Linear Transformation Tool (DLTdv7) (Hedrick, 2008) for Matlab. Matlab 2021a was used to calculate variables of interest using the point data from File 3. R version 1.4.1 was used to calculate summary statistics of the data as well as perform the major analyses explained in the publication. If you wish to access video files, please email ohawkins.research@gmail.com.