All the files included in this folder has been used in Perez-Navarro et al. 2022. Ecography. Comparing climatic suitability and niche distances to explain populations responses to extreme climatic events. Doi: 10.1111/ecog.06263 ############### ## CSV TABLES ############### ### 1. "total_or.csv" contains the raw field data with all species' decay information at individual level. These data are part of a long term decay survey. Please contact m.angeles582@gmail.com or flloret.ecologia@gmail.com for permit before using. The dataset contains the next columns: zone the locality name. There are three main localities lithology lithology type of the locality. There are three in correspondence with the 3 localities plot plot code species species scientific name. Heliantemum hibrido correspond to an helianthemum species endemic from the spanish SE, from the hibridation of Helianthemum viscarium and Helianthemum violaceum. For this study we consider that as Helianthemum viscarium defoliation visual estimate of defoliation (%) high_diam plant highest diameter (cm) small_diam plant perpindicular diameter (cm) H plant height (cm) ### 2. "total_phy.csv" contains the raw field data with geophysical data of study plots. These data are part of a long term decay survey. Please contact m.angeles582@gmail.com or flloret.ecologia@gmail.com for permit before using. The dataset contains the next columns: plot plot code lithology lithology type of the locality. etrs89_x x coordinate according to ETRS 89 30N projected coordinate reference system etrs89_y x coordinate according to ETRS 89 30N projected coordinate reference system orientation plot orientation of the main slope in the cardinal system (S,W,N,E) slope plot general slope in degrees. Low values indicate fatter surfaces uncover_soil visual percentage of empty ground ### 3. "total_interannual_chelsa.csv" contains the climatic information used to characterized the climatic space and species niche using the niche_characterization_and_distances.R file. The dataset contains the species geographic locations obtained from global databases and the climatic conditions of these sites for every year of the period 1979-2012. Climatic data were obtained from CHELSA climate v1.2 (https://chelsa-climate.org/downloads/). Location of species occurrences were downloaded from GBIF https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/request/0159005-200613084148143.zip and filtered according to method described in the manuscript. The dataset contains the next columns: species species scientific name x x coordinate according to WGS84 coordinate reference system y y coordinate according to WGS84 coordinate reference system bio_1 Annual Mean Temperature (celsius degrees) bio_2 Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)) bio_3 Isothermality (BIO2/BIO7) (×100) bio_4 Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation ×100) bio_5 Max Temperature of Warmest Month (celsius degrees) bio_6 Min Temperature of Coldest Month (celsius degrees) bio_7 Temperature Annual Range (BIO5-BIO6)(celsius degrees) bio_8 Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (celsius degrees) bio_9 Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter (celsius degrees) bio_10 Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (celsius degrees) bio_11 Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (celsius degrees) bio_12 Annual Precipitation (mm) bio_13 Precipitation of Wettest Month (mm) bio_14 Precipitation of Driest Month (mm) bio_15 Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation) bio_16 Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (mm) bio_17 Precipitation of Driest Quarter (mm) bio_18 Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (mm) bio_19 Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (mm) year year corresponding to the climatic conditions. It could be either 1979-2012, the average of them ("average"), or the hydrological year 2013-2014 ("anomaly") ### 4. "population_interannual_chelsa.csv" contains the climatic data of each plot during each single year of the period 1979-2012 (inter-year data), the average of them and the anomaly year (2013-2014). Climatic data were obtained from CHELSA climate v1.2 (https://chelsa-climate.org/downloads/).The dataset contains the next columns: plot plot code lithology lithology type of the locality. etrs89_x x coordinate according to ETRS 89 30N projected coordinate reference system etrs89_y x coordinate according to ETRS 89 30N projected coordinate reference system bio_1 Annual Mean Temperature (celsius degrees) bio_2 Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)) bio_3 Isothermality (BIO2/BIO7) (×100) bio_4 Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation ×100) bio_5 Max Temperature of Warmest Month (celsius degrees) bio_6 Min Temperature of Coldest Month (celsius degrees) bio_7 Temperature Annual Range (BIO5-BIO6)(celsius degrees) bio_8 Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter (celsius degrees) bio_9 Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter (celsius degrees) bio_10 Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (celsius degrees) bio_11 Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (celsius degrees) bio_12 Annual Precipitation (mm) bio_13 Precipitation of Wettest Month (mm) bio_14 Precipitation of Driest Month (mm) bio_15 Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation) bio_16 Precipitation of Wettest Quarter (mm) bio_17 Precipitation of Driest Quarter (mm) bio_18 Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (mm) bio_19 Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (mm) year year corresponding to the climatic conditions. It could be either 1979-2012, the average of them ("average"), or the hydrological year 2013-2014 ("anomaly") ### 5. "Niche_av.csv" contains the species x plot data of population distances to the respective species niche. Data were obtained after running "Niche_characterization_and_distances.R" and aggregate the data at plot level. This dataset is ready to run the code of statistical_analyses.R. Columns codes description: species species scientific name defoliation average defoliation percentage of each species per plot (%) high_diam average higher diameter of each species per plot (cm) small_diam average smaller diameter of each species per plot (cm) H average plant height of each species per plot (cm) bio_surf average plant surface of each species per plot. It is estimated as High_diam x small_diam (cm2) bio_vol average plant volume of each species per plot. It is estimated as bio_surf x H (cm3) slope plot slope (degrees) uncover_soil plot visual proportion of empty soil (%) centroid_dist2d_av population distance to species niche centroid during the reference average period 1979-2012 (before the extreme drought) (no units) centroid_dist2d_ex population distance to species niche centroid during the extreme drought year (no units) limit_dist2d_av population distance to species niche limit during the reference average period 1979-2012 (before the extreme drought) (no units) limit_dist2d_ex population distance to species niche limit during the extreme drought year (no units) rgc average remaining green canopy per species at plot level (%) niche_area_av area of species niche (pixels) total total number of individual per species at plot level dead number of dead indidvual per species at plot level survival number of survival individual per species at plot level plot plot code lithology lithology type of the locality in_out_av average population position in species niche (inside or outside) during the average period 1979-2012 (before the extreme drought) in_out_ex average population position in species niche (inside or outside) during the extreme drought year mortality_per mortality percentage at species per plot level. dead/total x 100 (%) species_code species code distribution species distribution range ### 6. "Maxent_mean_df.csv" contains the species x plot data of population climatic suitability estimated with MaxEnt. Data were obtained after running "Maxent_model.R" and aggregate the data at plot level. This dataset is ready to run the code of statistical_analyses.R. Columns codes description: species species species scientific name defoliation average defoliation percentage of each species per plot (%) high_diam average higher diameter of each species per plot (cm) smal_diam average smaller diameter of each species per plot (cm) H average plant height of each species per plot (cm) bio_surf average plant surface of each species per plot. It is estimated as High_diam x small_diam (cm2) bio_vol average plant volume of each species per plot. It is estimated as bio_surf x H (cm3) slope plot slope (degrees) uncover_soil plot visual proportion of empty soil (%) suit_maxent_hcs Historic climatic suitability of species at plot level during the reference average period 1979-2012 (before the extreme drought) (percentage of 1) suit_maxent_ecs Episodic climatic suitability of species at plot level during the extreme drought year (percentage of 1) rgc average remaining green canopy per species at plot level (%) total total number of individual per species at plot level dead number of dead indidvual per species at plot level survival number of survival individual per species at plot level plot plot code lithology lithology type of the locality mortality_per mortality percentage at species per plot level. dead/total x 100 (%) species_code species code distribution species distribution range ### 7. "Mahal_mean_df.csv" contains the species x plot data of population Mahalanobis distances. Data were obtained after running "Mahalanobis_distance.R" and aggregate the data at plot level. This dataset is ready to run the code of statistical_analyses.R. Columns codes description: species species scientific name defoliation average defoliation percentage of each species per plot (%) high_diam average higher diameter of each species per plot (cm) small_diam average smaller diameter of each species per plot (cm) H average plant height of each species per plot (cm) bio_surf average plant surface of each species per plot. It is estimated as High_diam x small_diam (cm2) bio_vol average plant volume of each species per plot. It is estimated as bio_surf x H (cm3) slope plot slope (degrees) uncover_soil plot visual proportion of empty soil (%) mahal_dist_av population mahalanobis distance during the reference average period 1979-2012 (before the extreme drought) (no units) mahal_dist_ex population mahalanobis distance during the extreme drought year (no units) rgc average remaining green canopy per species at plot level (%) total total number of individual per species at plot level dead number of dead indidvual per species at plot level survival number of survival individual per species at plot level plot plot code lithology lithology type of the locality mortality_per mortality percentage at species per plot level. dead/total x 100 (%) species_code species code distribution species distribution range ############### ## R CODES ############### ### 1. "Niche_characterization_and_distances.R" contains the code used to create the common climatic space for all the study species and also to characterize each species niche. This code also allows to estimate species niche distances. To do that it will be require to use the total_interannual_chelsa.csv and population_interannual_chelsa.csv ### 2. "Maxent_parameter_selection.R" contains the code used to estimate best set of parameter to run Maxent models. It requires to use total_interannual_chelsa.csv, background_extension_shp and the climatic maps download from CHELSA database v1.2 (https://chelsa-climate.org/downloads/). ### 3. "Maxent_model.R" contains the code used to run Maxent model for each study species. It includes the parameters previously selected with "Maxent_parameter_selection.R". To run it you will require population_interannual_chelsa.csv and total_interannual_chelsa.csv, background_extension_shp and the climatic maps download from CHELSA database v1.2 (https://chelsa-climate.org/downloads/). ### 4. "Mahalanobis_distance.R" contains the code used to obtain each populations mahalanobis distance. To run it you will require population_interannual_chelsa.csv and total_interannual_chelsa.csv. ### 5. "statistical_analyses.R" contains the code used to run the mixed effect models relating species decay (mortality and rgc) this the different niche based estimates (niche distances, mahalanobis distances and climatic suitability derived from MaxEnt). This code requires mahal_mean_df.csv, maxent_mean_df.csv and niche_av.csv datasets. ############### ## SHP FILES ############### ### 1. "Background_extension_shp" folder contains the shp with the background extension used in Maxent models. This surface was obtained by applying Trend surface analyses method. See main text method section for details.