Houde, P. Dickson, M., and Camarena, D. Basal Anseriformes from the early Paleogene of North America and Europe. Dataset 7, Anachronornis nov. gen. added to dataset of Field, D. J., Benito, J., Chen, A., Jagt, J. W. M., Ksepka, D. T., 2020. Late Cretaceous neornithine from Europe illuminates the origins of crown birds. Nature 579, 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2096-0 characters for Vegavis updated per Acosta Hospitaleche & Worthy 2021 Megapodius_reinwardt removed from Field et al dataset This file includes 39 constraint trees moving Anachronornis to different branches of the backbone tree obtained by phylogenetically-constrained total-evidence (tip-dated) Bayesian analysis of the Field et al dataset with Anachronornis included for KH tests This file includes results of: 1) parsimony Kishino-Hasegawa test 2) likelihood Kishino-Hasegawa test, normal approximation, equal and gamma rates 3) RELL bootstrap Kishino-Hasegawa test, equal and gamma rates 4) print out of constraint trees, ordered by parsimony KH Of 297 total characters: 58 characters are of type 'ord' (Wagner) 239 characters are of type 'unord' All characters have equal weight 2 characters are constant (proportion = 0.00673401) 5 variable characters are parsimony-uninformative Number of parsimony-informative characters = 290 Gaps are treated as "missing" Multistate taxa interpreted as polymorphism Sum of min. possible lengths = 419 Sum of max. possible lengths = 3258 Tree # 24 25 23 27 30 26 32 28 31 35 15 29 34 33 14 37 36 8 9 10 1 11 7 18 38 13 16 17 6 Length 1601 1606 1607 1609 1611 1612 1612 1613 1613 1614 1615 1615 1615 1617 1619 1622 1624 1626 1626 1626 1627 1627 1628 1628 1628 1629 1629 1629 1630 CI 0.262 0.261 0.261 0.260 0.260 0.260 0.260 0.260 0.260 0.260 0.259 0.259 0.259 0.259 0.259 0.258 0.258 0.258 0.258 0.258 0.258 0.258 0.257 0.257 0.257 0.257 0.257 0.257 0.257 RC 0.153 0.152 0.152 0.151 0.151 0.151 0.151 0.151 0.151 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.149 0.149 0.148 0.148 0.148 0.148 0.148 0.148 0.148 0.148 0.148 0.148 0.148 0.148 0.147 Tree # 39 2 12 3 4 5 19 20 21 22 Length 1631 1632 1634 1645 1648 1654 1655 1658 1662 1664 CI 0.257 0.257 0.256 0.255 0.254 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.252 0.252 RC 0.147 0.147 0.147 0.145 0.144 0.143 0.143 0.142 0.142 0.141 Kishino-Hasegawa test: Length Tree Length diff s.d.(diff) t P* --------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 1601 (best) 25 1606 5 3.30949 1.5108 0.1319 23 1607 6 3.14836 1.9058 0.0577 27 1609 8 5.08642 1.5728 0.1168 30 1611 10 6.46561 1.5466 0.1230 26 1612 11 4.76119 2.3103 0.0216* 32 1612 11 6.83740 1.6088 0.1087 28 1613 12 5.79900 2.0693 0.0394* 31 1613 12 6.60774 1.8161 0.0704 35 1614 13 6.04599 2.1502 0.0324* 15 1615 14 5.04239 2.7765 0.0058* 29 1615 14 6.28275 2.2283 0.0266* 34 1615 14 6.89202 2.0313 0.0431* 33 1617 16 7.02168 2.2787 0.0234* 14 1619 18 4.79442 3.7544 0.0002* 37 1622 21 7.59667 2.7644 0.0061* 36 1624 23 7.16881 3.2083 0.0015* 8 1626 25 5.74515 4.3515 <0.0001* 9 1626 25 5.38454 4.6429 <0.0001* 10 1626 25 6.40576 3.9027 0.0001* 1 1627 26 7.47744 3.4771 0.0006* 11 1627 26 7.47744 3.4771 0.0006* 7 1628 27 6.83394 3.9509 0.0001* 18 1628 27 6.37828 4.2331 <0.0001* 38 1628 27 8.17131 3.3042 0.0011* 13 1629 28 5.95649 4.7008 <0.0001* 16 1629 28 6.28436 4.4555 <0.0001* 17 1629 28 6.28436 4.4555 <0.0001* 6 1630 29 6.80620 4.2608 <0.0001* 39 1631 30 7.94874 3.7742 0.0002* 2 1632 31 6.92284 4.4779 <0.0001* 12 1634 33 7.17682 4.5981 <0.0001* 3 1645 44 7.98097 5.5131 <0.0001* 4 1648 47 8.11072 5.7948 <0.0001* 5 1654 53 8.23227 6.4381 <0.0001* 19 1655 54 8.51033 6.3452 <0.0001* 20 1658 57 8.38435 6.7984 <0.0001* 21 1662 61 8.75955 6.9638 <0.0001* 22 1664 63 8.71160 7.2317 <0.0001* * Probability of getting a more extreme T-value under the null hypothesis of no difference between the two trees (two-tailed test). Asterisked values in table (if any) indicate significant difference at P < 0.05. paup> lscores / KHTest=normal tailKH=1 AIC BIC sortTrees; Likelihood scores of tree(s) in memory: --------------------------------------- 297 characters are included All characters have equal weight Likelihood settings: Current model: Data type = standard Exchangeabilities = Poisson/proportional model (OneST) State frequencies = empirical: 0=0.557627 1=0.354164 2=0.0813989 3=0.00649169 4=0.000318878 5=1e-005 Proportion of invariable sites = estimated Rates at variable sites = equal Number of distinct data patterns under this model = 297 Molecular clock not enforced Starting branch lengths obtained using Rogers-Swofford approximation method Branch-length optimization = one-dimensional Newton-Raphson with pass limit=20, tolerance=1e-007 Likelihood calculations performed in single precision Vector processing disabled (number of states does not map appropriately to vector architecture) Using standard Felsenstein pruning for computing likelihoods Conditional-likelihood rescaling threshold = 1e-020 Using 1 thread on 4 physical (8 logical) cores Note: character-state ordering is ignored for Mkv model (which assumes unordered states) Tree 17 25 26 27 24 35 28 23 30 32 29 31 15 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5541.155 5543.261 5543.788 5543.884 5544.496 5544.661 5544.760 5545.246 5546.882 5546.893 5547.259 5547.303 5549.771 5549.940 AIC 11242.310 11246.521 11247.577 11247.768 11248.992 11249.322 11249.519 11250.492 11253.765 11253.786 11254.519 11254.605 11259.541 11259.881 BIC 11537.809 11542.020 11543.075 11543.267 11544.491 11544.820 11545.018 11545.990 11549.263 11549.284 11550.018 11550.104 11555.040 11555.379 P_inv 0.001758 0.000973 0.001047 0.001008 0.000927 0.001048 0.001039 0.000962 0.001010 0.001053 0.001091 0.001088 0.001231 0.001253 Tree 34 33 37 36 8 9 7 6 1 2 38 39 10 13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5551.230 5551.322 5553.877 5553.877 5557.946 5557.946 5558.125 5558.133 5560.022 5560.022 5563.899 5564.304 5567.791 5567.791 AIC 11262.460 11262.645 11267.754 11267.755 11275.893 11275.893 11276.251 11276.266 11280.044 11280.044 11287.799 11288.608 11295.582 11295.582 BIC 11557.959 11558.143 11563.253 11563.253 11571.391 11571.391 11571.749 11571.765 11575.542 11575.542 11583.297 11584.107 11591.081 11591.081 P_inv 0.001116 0.001124 0.001154 0.001179 0.001291 0.001275 0.001257 0.001270 0.001405 0.001384 0.001292 0.001262 0.001375 0.001364 Tree 18 16 11 12 3 4 19 20 22 21 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5571.043 5571.047 5571.083 5571.083 5582.097 5582.097 5584.538 5584.538 5585.194 5585.195 5590.186 AIC 11302.087 11302.095 11302.166 11302.166 11324.194 11324.194 11329.076 11329.076 11330.388 11330.390 11340.371 BIC 11597.585 11597.593 11597.664 11597.664 11619.693 11619.693 11624.574 11624.574 11625.887 11625.888 11635.870 P_inv 0.001347 0.001347 0.001446 0.001442 0.001647 0.001647 0.001645 0.001641 0.001662 0.001650 0.001846 Time used to compute likelihoods = 12.64 sec (CPU time = 12.66 sec) Test(s) for significance of likelihood-score differences: Test(s) performed: KH: Kishino-Hasegawa test using normal approximation, one-tailed test Values for KH/SH/AU tests are P values for null hypothesis of no difference between trees -------- KH-test ------- Tree -ln L Diff -ln L s.d. T P -------------------------------------------------------------- 17 5541.15505 (best) 25 5543.26073 2.10568 8.980 0.234 0.4074 26 5543.78838 2.63333 9.457 0.278 0.3904 27 5543.88412 2.72906 9.443 0.289 0.3864 24 5544.49616 3.34110 8.607 0.388 0.3491 35 5544.66088 3.50582 9.697 0.362 0.3590 28 5544.75967 3.60462 9.645 0.374 0.3544 23 5545.24581 4.09076 8.453 0.484 0.3144 30 5546.88229 5.72724 9.855 0.581 0.2808 32 5546.89288 5.73783 9.942 0.577 0.2822 29 5547.25950 6.10444 9.658 0.632 0.2639 31 5547.30258 6.14753 9.885 0.622 0.2672 15 5549.77070 8.61565 8.038 1.072 0.1423 14 5549.94030 8.78525 8.162 1.076 0.1413 34 5551.23022 10.07517 10.163 0.991 0.1612 33 5551.32227 10.16722 10.160 1.001 0.1589 37 5553.87721 12.72215 10.636 1.196 0.1163 36 5553.87744 12.72239 10.635 1.196 0.1163 8 5557.94629 16.79124 7.665 2.191 0.0146* 9 5557.94636 16.79131 7.665 2.191 0.0146* 7 5558.12535 16.97030 7.670 2.212 0.0138* 6 5558.13301 16.97796 7.667 2.214 0.0138* 1 5560.02178 18.86673 7.849 2.404 0.0084* 2 5560.02188 18.86683 7.849 2.404 0.0084* 38 5563.89940 22.74435 11.645 1.953 0.0259* 39 5564.30423 23.14918 11.377 2.035 0.0214* 10 5567.79110 26.63604 8.465 3.147 0.0009* 13 5567.79119 26.63613 8.465 3.147 0.0009* 18 5571.04327 29.88822 2.274 13.143 <0.0001* 16 5571.04743 29.89238 2.241 13.339 <0.0001* 11 5571.08277 29.92772 8.550 3.500 0.0003* 12 5571.08296 29.92791 8.550 3.500 0.0003* 3 5582.09708 40.94203 8.293 4.937 <0.0001* 4 5582.09709 40.94204 8.293 4.937 <0.0001* 19 5584.53777 43.38272 8.082 5.368 <0.0001* 20 5584.53783 43.38278 8.083 5.367 <0.0001* 22 5585.19415 44.03910 8.143 5.409 <0.0001* 21 5585.19496 44.03991 8.137 5.412 <0.0001* 5 5590.18567 49.03062 8.785 5.581 <0.0001* * P < 0.05 paup> lscores / sortTrees; Likelihood scores of tree(s) in memory: --------------------------------------- 297 characters are included All characters have equal weight Likelihood settings: Current model: Data type = standard Exchangeabilities = Poisson/proportional model (OneST) State frequencies = empirical: 0=0.557627 1=0.354164 2=0.0813989 3=0.00649169 4=0.000318878 5=1e-005 Proportion of invariable sites = estimated Rates at variable sites = gamma, shape=estimated (4 categories [mean]) Number of distinct data patterns under this model = 297 Molecular clock not enforced Starting branch lengths obtained using Rogers-Swofford approximation method Branch-length optimization = one-dimensional Newton-Raphson with pass limit=20, tolerance=1e-007 Multidimensional optimizer = Praxis (tol=0.0001) Likelihood calculations performed in single precision Vector processing disabled (number of states does not map appropriately to vector architecture) Using standard Felsenstein pruning for computing likelihoods Conditional-likelihood rescaling threshold = 1e-020 Using 1 thread on 4 physical (8 logical) cores Note: character-state ordering is ignored for Mkv model (which assumes unordered states) Tree 17 26 25 27 24 35 23 28 32 30 29 31 15 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5454.114 5504.487 5504.865 5505.568 5506.226 5506.864 5507.173 5507.408 5509.057 5509.257 5509.435 5509.704 5510.730 5510.730 AIC 11070.228 11170.974 11171.730 11173.135 11174.451 11175.729 11176.346 11176.815 11180.114 11180.513 11180.871 11181.409 11183.460 11183.460 BIC 11369.420 11470.166 11470.922 11472.328 11473.644 11474.921 11475.538 11476.008 11479.306 11479.706 11480.063 11480.601 11482.652 11482.652 Shape 2.371826 3.578931 3.631029 3.633462 3.632082 3.672811 3.648648 3.715317 3.696158 3.704099 3.692720 3.709539 3.581516 3.581810 P_inv 0.000000 7.702e-012 0.000000 1.809e-010 0.000000 6.714e-011 1.712e-012 3.084e-012 5.881e-012 3.711e-012 1.178e-011 1.013e-011 1.990e-012 1.236e-009 Tree 34 33 36 37 9 8 6 7 2 1 38 39 13 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5512.763 5512.805 5515.909 5515.909 5519.494 5519.494 5519.730 5519.730 5522.386 5522.386 5524.195 5524.327 5531.263 5531.263 AIC 11187.526 11187.610 11193.818 11193.819 11200.988 11200.988 11201.459 11201.459 11206.773 11206.773 11210.390 11210.654 11224.526 11224.526 BIC 11486.718 11486.802 11493.010 11493.011 11500.180 11500.180 11500.652 11500.652 11505.965 11505.965 11509.582 11509.847 11523.718 11523.718 Shape 3.638945 3.637675 3.668626 3.669413 3.641799 3.641329 3.655332 3.651441 3.743513 3.742656 3.543922 3.530491 3.791258 3.788442 P_inv 3.178e-011 4.755e-011 3.408e-011 1.049e-010 3.224e-011 1.341e-011 2.510e-011 6.570e-010 1.907e-011 4.968e-012 4.222e-012 1.071e-012 0.000000 1.154e-011 Tree 16 18 12 11 3 4 19 20 22 21 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5531.600 5531.786 5534.052 5534.052 5546.552 5546.553 5547.242 5547.242 5547.650 5547.651 5555.141 AIC 11225.199 11225.571 11230.104 11230.104 11255.105 11255.105 11256.484 11256.484 11257.301 11257.301 11272.282 BIC 11524.391 11524.764 11529.296 11529.296 11554.297 11554.297 11555.676 11555.676 11556.493 11556.493 11571.475 Shape 3.493038 3.523213 3.743061 3.743635 3.819583 3.817650 3.645591 3.646250 3.629232 3.629548 3.729279 P_inv 3.830e-011 3.849e-012 2.630e-012 2.089e-011 1.114e-011 0.000000 4.376e-011 1.010e-010 5.392e-011 2.037e-011 1.935e-009 Time used to compute likelihoods = 00:04:01 (CPU time = 00:04:01.6) Test(s) for significance of likelihood-score differences: Test(s) performed: KH: Kishino-Hasegawa test using normal approximation, one-tailed test Values for KH/SH/AU tests are P values for null hypothesis of no difference between trees -------- KH-test ------- Tree -ln L Diff -ln L s.d. T P -------------------------------------------------------------- 17 5454.11381 (best) 26 5504.48699 50.37318 9.868 5.105 <0.0001* 25 5504.86499 50.75119 9.372 5.415 <0.0001* 27 5505.56764 51.45384 9.726 5.290 <0.0001* 24 5506.22573 52.11192 8.947 5.825 <0.0001* 35 5506.86425 52.75045 10.350 5.097 <0.0001* 23 5507.17279 53.05899 8.768 6.051 <0.0001* 28 5507.40771 53.29391 10.249 5.200 <0.0001* 32 5509.05702 54.94321 10.466 5.250 <0.0001* 30 5509.25667 55.14286 10.381 5.312 <0.0001* 29 5509.43526 55.32145 10.260 5.392 <0.0001* 31 5509.70448 55.59067 10.350 5.371 <0.0001* 15 5510.72997 56.61616 8.302 6.819 <0.0001* 14 5510.73003 56.61622 8.301 6.821 <0.0001* 34 5512.76294 58.64914 10.596 5.535 <0.0001* 33 5512.80485 58.69105 10.590 5.542 <0.0001* 36 5515.90887 61.79506 11.608 5.323 <0.0001* 37 5515.90931 61.79550 11.604 5.325 <0.0001* 9 5519.49382 65.38001 8.980 7.281 <0.0001* 8 5519.49385 65.38004 8.980 7.281 <0.0001* 6 5519.72964 65.61583 9.071 7.234 <0.0001* 7 5519.72965 65.61584 9.070 7.235 <0.0001* 2 5522.38645 68.27264 9.576 7.129 <0.0001* 1 5522.38648 68.27268 9.576 7.130 <0.0001* 38 5524.19497 70.08116 12.061 5.811 <0.0001* 39 5524.32720 70.21339 11.929 5.886 <0.0001* 13 5531.26298 77.14918 10.490 7.355 <0.0001* 10 5531.26302 77.14922 10.489 7.355 <0.0001* 16 5531.59953 77.48572 4.184 18.521 <0.0001* 18 5531.78569 77.67188 4.146 18.735 <0.0001* 12 5534.05189 79.93808 10.291 7.768 <0.0001* 11 5534.05195 79.93815 10.291 7.768 <0.0001* 3 5546.55225 92.43845 10.903 8.478 <0.0001* 4 5546.55251 92.43870 10.902 8.479 <0.0001* 19 5547.24208 93.12827 10.784 8.636 <0.0001* 20 5547.24208 93.12828 10.784 8.636 <0.0001* 22 5547.65038 93.53658 10.801 8.660 <0.0001* 21 5547.65050 93.53669 10.802 8.659 <0.0001* 5 5555.14114 101.02733 11.280 8.956 <0.0001* * P < 0.05 paup> lscores / KHTest=bootstrap bootReps=1000000 sortTrees; Likelihood scores of tree(s) in memory: --------------------------------------- 297 characters are included All characters have equal weight Likelihood settings: Current model: Data type = standard Exchangeabilities = Poisson/proportional model (OneST) State frequencies = empirical: 0=0.557627 1=0.354164 2=0.0813989 3=0.00649169 4=0.000318878 5=1e-005 Proportion of invariable sites = estimated Rates at variable sites = equal Number of distinct data patterns under this model = 297 Molecular clock not enforced Starting branch lengths obtained using Rogers-Swofford approximation method Branch-length optimization = one-dimensional Newton-Raphson with pass limit=20, tolerance=1e-007 Likelihood calculations performed in single precision Vector processing disabled (number of states does not map appropriately to vector architecture) Using standard Felsenstein pruning for computing likelihoods Conditional-likelihood rescaling threshold = 1e-020 Using 1 thread on 4 physical (8 logical) cores Note: character-state ordering is ignored for Mkv model (which assumes unordered states) Tree 17 25 26 27 24 35 28 23 30 32 29 31 15 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5541.155 5543.261 5543.788 5543.884 5544.496 5544.661 5544.760 5545.246 5546.882 5546.893 5547.259 5547.303 5549.771 5549.940 AIC 11242.310 11246.521 11247.577 11247.768 11248.992 11249.322 11249.519 11250.492 11253.765 11253.786 11254.519 11254.605 11259.541 11259.881 BIC 11537.809 11542.020 11543.075 11543.267 11544.491 11544.820 11545.018 11545.990 11549.263 11549.284 11550.018 11550.104 11555.040 11555.379 P_inv 0.001758 0.000973 0.001047 0.001008 0.000927 0.001048 0.001039 0.000962 0.001010 0.001053 0.001091 0.001088 0.001231 0.001253 Tree 34 33 37 36 8 9 7 6 1 2 38 39 10 13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5551.230 5551.322 5553.877 5553.877 5557.946 5557.946 5558.125 5558.133 5560.022 5560.022 5563.899 5564.304 5567.791 5567.791 AIC 11262.460 11262.645 11267.754 11267.755 11275.893 11275.893 11276.251 11276.266 11280.044 11280.044 11287.799 11288.608 11295.582 11295.582 BIC 11557.959 11558.143 11563.253 11563.253 11571.391 11571.391 11571.749 11571.765 11575.542 11575.542 11583.297 11584.107 11591.081 11591.081 P_inv 0.001116 0.001124 0.001154 0.001179 0.001291 0.001275 0.001257 0.001270 0.001405 0.001384 0.001292 0.001262 0.001375 0.001364 Tree 18 16 11 12 3 4 19 20 22 21 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5571.043 5571.047 5571.083 5571.083 5582.097 5582.097 5584.538 5584.538 5585.194 5585.195 5590.186 AIC 11302.087 11302.095 11302.166 11302.166 11324.194 11324.194 11329.076 11329.076 11330.388 11330.390 11340.371 BIC 11597.585 11597.593 11597.664 11597.664 11619.693 11619.693 11624.574 11624.574 11625.887 11625.888 11635.870 P_inv 0.001347 0.001347 0.001446 0.001442 0.001647 0.001647 0.001645 0.001641 0.001662 0.001650 0.001846 Time used to compute likelihoods = 12.67 sec (CPU time = 12.67 sec) Test(s) for significance of likelihood-score differences: Test(s) performed: KH: Kishino-Hasegawa test using RELL bootstrap, one-tailed test Values for KH/SH/AU tests are P values for null hypothesis of no difference between trees Number of bootstrap replicates = 1000000 Starting seed = generated automatically Tree -ln L Diff -ln L KH wtd-KH ----------------------------------------------------- 17 5541.15505 (best) 25 5543.26073 2.10568 0.4100 0.4100 26 5543.78838 2.63333 0.3917 0.3917 27 5543.88412 2.72906 0.3878 0.3878 24 5544.49616 3.34110 0.3510 0.3510 35 5544.66088 3.50582 0.3599 0.3266 28 5544.75967 3.60462 0.3555 0.2795 23 5545.24581 4.09076 0.3161 0.2215 30 5546.88229 5.72724 0.2810 0.1946 32 5546.89288 5.73783 0.2818 0.2320 29 5547.25950 6.10444 0.2638 0.1297 31 5547.30258 6.14753 0.2670 0.1924 15 5549.77070 8.61565 0.1409 0.0666 14 5549.94030 8.78525 0.1399 0.0551 34 5551.23022 10.07517 0.1602 0.1149 33 5551.32227 10.16722 0.1579 0.1023 37 5553.87721 12.72215 0.1151 0.0364* 36 5553.87744 12.72239 0.1151 0.0364* 8 5557.94629 16.79124 0.0131* 0.0089* 9 5557.94636 16.79131 0.0131* 0.0089* 7 5558.12535 16.97030 0.0122* 0.0086* 6 5558.13301 16.97796 0.0122* 0.0084* 1 5560.02178 18.86673 0.0075* 0.0036* 2 5560.02188 18.86683 0.0075* 0.0036* 38 5563.89940 22.74435 0.0261* 0.0118* 39 5564.30423 23.14918 0.0215* 0.0069* 10 5567.79110 26.63604 0.0008* 0.0007* 13 5567.79119 26.63613 0.0008* 0.0007* 18 5571.04327 29.88822 0.0000* 0.0000* 16 5571.04743 29.89238 0.0000* 0.0000* 11 5571.08277 29.92772 0.0002* 0.0002* 12 5571.08296 29.92791 0.0002* 0.0002* 3 5582.09708 40.94203 0.0000* 0.0000* 4 5582.09709 40.94204 0.0000* 0.0000* 19 5584.53777 43.38272 0.0000* 0.0000* 20 5584.53783 43.38278 0.0000* 0.0000* 22 5585.19415 44.03910 0.0000* 0.0000* 21 5585.19496 44.03991 0.0000* 0.0000* 5 5590.18567 49.03062 0.0000* 0.0000* * P < 0.05 paup> lscores / sortTrees; Likelihood scores of tree(s) in memory: --------------------------------------- 297 characters are included All characters have equal weight Likelihood settings: Current model: Data type = standard Exchangeabilities = Poisson/proportional model (OneST) State frequencies = empirical: 0=0.557627 1=0.354164 2=0.0813989 3=0.00649169 4=0.000318878 5=1e-005 Proportion of invariable sites = estimated Rates at variable sites = gamma, shape=estimated (4 categories [mean]) Number of distinct data patterns under this model = 297 Molecular clock not enforced Starting branch lengths obtained using Rogers-Swofford approximation method Branch-length optimization = one-dimensional Newton-Raphson with pass limit=20, tolerance=1e-007 Multidimensional optimizer = Praxis (tol=0.0001) Likelihood calculations performed in single precision Vector processing disabled (number of states does not map appropriately to vector architecture) Using standard Felsenstein pruning for computing likelihoods Conditional-likelihood rescaling threshold = 1e-020 Using 1 thread on 4 physical (8 logical) cores Note: character-state ordering is ignored for Mkv model (which assumes unordered states) Tree 17 26 25 27 24 35 23 28 32 30 29 31 15 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5454.114 5504.487 5504.865 5505.568 5506.226 5506.864 5507.173 5507.408 5509.057 5509.257 5509.435 5509.704 5510.730 5510.730 AIC 11070.228 11170.974 11171.730 11173.135 11174.451 11175.729 11176.346 11176.815 11180.114 11180.513 11180.871 11181.409 11183.460 11183.460 BIC 11369.420 11470.166 11470.922 11472.328 11473.644 11474.921 11475.538 11476.008 11479.306 11479.706 11480.063 11480.601 11482.652 11482.652 Shape 2.371826 3.578931 3.631029 3.633462 3.632082 3.672811 3.648648 3.715317 3.696158 3.704099 3.692720 3.709539 3.581516 3.581810 P_inv 0.000000 7.702e-012 0.000000 1.809e-010 0.000000 6.714e-011 1.712e-012 3.084e-012 5.881e-012 3.711e-012 1.178e-011 1.013e-011 1.990e-012 1.236e-009 Tree 34 33 36 37 9 8 6 7 2 1 38 39 13 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5512.763 5512.805 5515.909 5515.909 5519.494 5519.494 5519.730 5519.730 5522.386 5522.386 5524.195 5524.327 5531.263 5531.263 AIC 11187.526 11187.610 11193.818 11193.819 11200.988 11200.988 11201.459 11201.459 11206.773 11206.773 11210.390 11210.654 11224.526 11224.526 BIC 11486.718 11486.802 11493.010 11493.011 11500.180 11500.180 11500.652 11500.652 11505.965 11505.965 11509.582 11509.847 11523.718 11523.718 Shape 3.638945 3.637675 3.668626 3.669413 3.641799 3.641329 3.655332 3.651441 3.743513 3.742656 3.543922 3.530491 3.791258 3.788442 P_inv 3.178e-011 4.755e-011 3.408e-011 1.049e-010 3.224e-011 1.341e-011 2.510e-011 6.570e-010 1.907e-011 4.968e-012 4.222e-012 1.071e-012 0.000000 1.154e-011 Tree 16 18 12 11 3 4 19 20 22 21 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -ln L 5531.600 5531.786 5534.052 5534.052 5546.552 5546.553 5547.242 5547.242 5547.650 5547.651 5555.141 AIC 11225.199 11225.571 11230.104 11230.104 11255.105 11255.105 11256.484 11256.484 11257.301 11257.301 11272.282 BIC 11524.391 11524.764 11529.296 11529.296 11554.297 11554.297 11555.676 11555.676 11556.493 11556.493 11571.475 Shape 3.493038 3.523213 3.743061 3.743635 3.819583 3.817650 3.645591 3.646250 3.629232 3.629548 3.729279 P_inv 3.830e-011 3.849e-012 2.630e-012 2.089e-011 1.114e-011 0.000000 4.376e-011 1.010e-010 5.392e-011 2.037e-011 1.935e-009 Time used to compute likelihoods = 00:04:00 (CPU time = 00:04:00.6) Test(s) for significance of likelihood-score differences: Test(s) performed: KH: Kishino-Hasegawa test using RELL bootstrap, one-tailed test Values for KH/SH/AU tests are P values for null hypothesis of no difference between trees Number of bootstrap replicates = 1000000 Starting seed = generated automatically Tree -ln L Diff -ln L KH wtd-KH ----------------------------------------------------- 17 5454.11381 (best) 26 5504.48699 50.37318 0.0000* 0.0000* 25 5504.86499 50.75119 0.0000* 0.0000* 27 5505.56764 51.45384 0.0000* 0.0000* 24 5506.22573 52.11192 0.0000* 0.0000* 35 5506.86425 52.75045 0.0000* 0.0000* 23 5507.17279 53.05899 0.0000* 0.0000* 28 5507.40771 53.29391 0.0000* 0.0000* 32 5509.05702 54.94321 0.0000* 0.0000* 30 5509.25667 55.14286 0.0000* 0.0000* 29 5509.43526 55.32145 0.0000* 0.0000* 31 5509.70448 55.59067 0.0000* 0.0000* 15 5510.72997 56.61616 0.0000* 0.0000* 14 5510.73003 56.61622 0.0000* 0.0000* 34 5512.76294 58.64914 0.0000* 0.0000* 33 5512.80485 58.69105 0.0000* 0.0000* 36 5515.90887 61.79506 0.0000* 0.0000* 37 5515.90931 61.79550 0.0000* 0.0000* 9 5519.49382 65.38001 0.0000* 0.0000* 8 5519.49385 65.38004 0.0000* 0.0000* 6 5519.72964 65.61583 0.0000* 0.0000* 7 5519.72965 65.61584 0.0000* 0.0000* 2 5522.38645 68.27264 0.0000* 0.0000* 1 5522.38648 68.27268 0.0000* 0.0000* 38 5524.19497 70.08116 0.0000* 0.0000* 39 5524.32720 70.21339 0.0000* 0.0000* 13 5531.26298 77.14918 0.0000* 0.0000* 10 5531.26302 77.14922 0.0000* 0.0000* 16 5531.59953 77.48572 0.0000* 0.0000* 18 5531.78569 77.67188 0.0000* 0.0000* 12 5534.05189 79.93808 0.0000* 0.0000* 11 5534.05195 79.93815 0.0000* 0.0000* 3 5546.55225 92.43845 0.0000* 0.0000* 4 5546.55251 92.43870 0.0000* 0.0000* 19 5547.24208 93.12827 0.0000* 0.0000* 20 5547.24208 93.12828 0.0000* 0.0000* 22 5547.65038 93.53658 0.0000* 0.0000* 21 5547.65050 93.53669 0.0000* 0.0000* 5 5555.14114 101.02733 0.0000* 0.0000* * P < 0.05 paup> showTrees all; Note: No outgroup has been defined; trees are (arbitrarily) rooted at first taxon. Tree 1 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | /------------------------ Lithornis promiscuus | | /----------------------+ /------------ Lithornis plebius | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \-----------+------------ Paracathartes howardae \-----------+ | | /------------------------------------ Struthio camelus | | \----------+ /------------------------ Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------ Tinamus robustus | | \-----------+------------ Dinornis robustus \-----------+ /------------ Pelagornis chilensis | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------ Burhinus grallarius | | /-----------+------------ Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------ Porphyrio melanotus \-----------+ | \-----------+------------ Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vegavis iaai | | | /------------ Chauna torquata | | /-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------+------------ Anhima cornuta \----------+ | | | /------------------------------------ Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \-----------+ /----------------------+ /------------------------ Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------ Wilaru tedfordi | | \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Presbyornis pervetus | | | /----------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Dendrocygna eytoni | \----------+ /------------------------ Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------ Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \-----------+------------ Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------ Leipoa ocellata \-----------------------+ /-----------+------------ Alectura lathami | /----------------------------------+ /------------ Megapodius eremita | | \-----------+------------ Macrocephalon maleo \-----------+ /------------ Crax rubra | /----------------------------------+------------ Ortalis vetula \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Acryllium vulturinum \----------+ /------------------------ Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------ Gallus gallus \-----------+------------ Coturnix pectoralis Tree 2 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /---------------------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus \------------+ \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus | /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 3 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | /------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus | | | /-------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | | \-----------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | | \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 4 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 5 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dinornis robustus | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 6 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /------------------------ Lithornis promiscuus | /----------------------+ /------------ Lithornis plebius | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \-----------+------------ Paracathartes howardae | | | /------------------------------------ Struthio camelus | | \----------+ /------------------------ Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------ Tinamus robustus \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Dinornis robustus | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | /------------ Pelagornis chilensis | | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Protodontopteryx ruthae \-----------+ | /------------ Burhinus grallarius | | /-----------+------------ Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------ Porphyrio melanotus \-----------+ | \-----------+------------ Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vegavis iaai | | | /------------ Chauna torquata | | /-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------+------------ Anhima cornuta \----------+ | | | /------------------------------------ Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \-----------+ /----------------------+ /------------------------ Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------ Wilaru tedfordi | | \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Presbyornis pervetus | | | /----------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Dendrocygna eytoni | \----------+ /------------------------ Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------ Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \-----------+------------ Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------ Leipoa ocellata \-----------------------+ /-----------+------------ Alectura lathami | /----------------------------------+ /------------ Megapodius eremita | | \-----------+------------ Macrocephalon maleo \-----------+ /------------ Crax rubra | /----------------------------------+------------ Ortalis vetula \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Acryllium vulturinum \----------+ /------------------------ Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------ Gallus gallus \-----------+------------ Coturnix pectoralis Tree 7 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /-------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | | \------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata \------------+ /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus | | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 8 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /------------------------ Lithornis promiscuus | /----------------------+ /------------ Lithornis plebius | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \-----------+------------ Paracathartes howardae | | | /------------------------------------ Struthio camelus | | \----------+ /------------------------ Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------ Tinamus robustus \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Dinornis robustus | /------------ Pelagornis chilensis | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \-----------+ | /------------ Burhinus grallarius | | /-----------+------------ Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------ Porphyrio melanotus \-----------+ | \-----------+------------ Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vegavis iaai | | | /------------ Chauna torquata | | /-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------+------------ Anhima cornuta \----------+ | | | /------------------------------------ Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \-----------+ /----------------------+ /------------------------ Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------ Wilaru tedfordi | | \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Presbyornis pervetus | | | /----------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Dendrocygna eytoni | \----------+ /------------------------ Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------ Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \-----------+------------ Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------ Leipoa ocellata \-----------------------+ /-----------+------------ Alectura lathami | /----------------------------------+ /------------ Megapodius eremita | | \-----------+------------ Macrocephalon maleo \-----------+ /------------ Crax rubra | /----------------------------------+------------ Ortalis vetula \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Acryllium vulturinum \----------+ /------------------------ Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------ Gallus gallus \-----------+------------ Coturnix pectoralis Tree 9 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /-------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata \------------+ | \-----------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus | | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 10 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Porphyrio melanotus | | /------------------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /-------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \------------+ | \-----------+ /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | \------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 11 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Porphyrio melanotus | | /------------------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /-------------------------- Cariama cristata \------------+ | \-----------+ /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | \------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 12 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Porphyrio melanotus | | /------------------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /-------------------------- Burhinus grallarius \------------+ | \-----------+ /------------- Cariama cristata | | \------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 13 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /-------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \------------+ | \-----------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus | | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 14 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /------------------------ Lithornis promiscuus | /----------------------+ /------------ Lithornis plebius | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \-----------+------------ Paracathartes howardae | | | /------------------------------------ Struthio camelus | | \----------+ /------------------------ Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------ Tinamus robustus | | \-----------+------------ Dinornis robustus \-----------+ /------------ Pelagornis chilensis | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------ Burhinus grallarius | | /-----------+------------ Cariama cristata \-----------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------ Porphyrio melanotus | | \-----------+------------ Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \-----------+ | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vegavis iaai | | | /------------ Chauna torquata | | /-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------+------------ Anhima cornuta | | | | | /------------------------------------ Nettapterornis oxfordi \----------+ | \-----------+ /----------------------+ /------------------------ Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------ Wilaru tedfordi | | \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Presbyornis pervetus | | | /----------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Dendrocygna eytoni | \----------+ /------------------------ Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------ Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \-----------+------------ Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------ Leipoa ocellata \-----------------------+ /-----------+------------ Alectura lathami | /----------------------------------+ /------------ Megapodius eremita | | \-----------+------------ Macrocephalon maleo \-----------+ /------------ Crax rubra | /----------------------------------+------------ Ortalis vetula \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Acryllium vulturinum \----------+ /------------------------ Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------ Gallus gallus \-----------+------------ Coturnix pectoralis Tree 15 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Anachronornis anhimops | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis \------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 16 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata | | \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops \-------------------------+ /------------- Leipoa ocellata | /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 17 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata | | \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | /------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | +---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops \-------------------------+ /------------- Leipoa ocellata | /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 18 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gallinuloides wyomingensis \------------+ /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 19 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /-------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \-------------------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------- Leipoa ocellata | | | /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | \-----------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita \------------+ \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 20 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /--------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita \------------+ \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | /---------------------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 21 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /-------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | /------------------------+ /------------- Crax rubra \------------+ \------------+------------- Ortalis vetula | /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 22 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | | /------------- Chauna torquata | | /------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ | | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides | \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae | \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Asteriornis maastrichtensis | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | /--------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | /--------------------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \------------+ /--------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis Tree 23 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /------------------------ Lithornis promiscuus | /----------------------+ /------------ Lithornis plebius | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \-----------+------------ Paracathartes howardae | | | /------------------------------------ Struthio camelus | | \----------+ /------------------------ Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------ Tinamus robustus | | \-----------+------------ Dinornis robustus \-----------+ /------------ Pelagornis chilensis | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------ Burhinus grallarius | | /-----------+------------ Cariama cristata | | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------ Porphyrio melanotus \-----------+ | \-----------+------------ Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------ Leipoa ocellata \-----------+ /-----------------------------------+ /-----------+------------ Alectura lathami | | | /----------------------------------+ /------------ Megapodius eremita | | | | \-----------+------------ Macrocephalon maleo | | \-----------+ /------------ Crax rubra | | | /----------------------------------+------------ Ortalis vetula \----------+ \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Acryllium vulturinum | \----------+ /------------------------ Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------ Gallus gallus | \-----------+------------ Coturnix pectoralis | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vegavis iaai | | /------------ Chauna torquata \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------+------------ Anhima cornuta | | /------------------------------------ Nettapterornis oxfordi \-----------+ /----------------------+ /------------------------ Conflicto antarcticus | | \-----------+ /------------ Wilaru tedfordi \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Presbyornis pervetus | /----------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Dendrocygna eytoni \----------+ /------------------------ Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------ Cereopsis novaehollandiae \-----------+------------ Anser caerulescens Tree 24 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | | \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | | | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula | | \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus | \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis | /------------- Vegavis iaai | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens Tree 25 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /------------------------ Lithornis promiscuus | /----------------------+ /------------ Lithornis plebius | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \-----------+------------ Paracathartes howardae | | | /------------------------------------ Struthio camelus | | \----------+ /------------------------ Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------ Tinamus robustus | | \-----------+------------ Dinornis robustus \-----------+ /------------ Pelagornis chilensis | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------ Burhinus grallarius | | /-----------+------------ Cariama cristata | | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------ Porphyrio melanotus \-----------+ | \-----------+------------ Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------ Leipoa ocellata \-----------+ /-----------------------------------+ /-----------+------------ Alectura lathami | | | /----------------------------------+ /------------ Megapodius eremita | | | | \-----------+------------ Macrocephalon maleo | | \-----------+ /------------ Crax rubra | | | /----------------------------------+------------ Ortalis vetula \----------+ \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Acryllium vulturinum | \----------+ /------------------------ Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------ Gallus gallus | \-----------+------------ Coturnix pectoralis | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vegavis iaai \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | /------------ Chauna torquata \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------+------------ Anhima cornuta | | /------------------------------------ Nettapterornis oxfordi \-----------+ /----------------------+ /------------------------ Conflicto antarcticus | | \-----------+ /------------ Wilaru tedfordi \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Presbyornis pervetus | /----------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Dendrocygna eytoni \----------+ /------------------------ Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------ Cereopsis novaehollandiae \-----------+------------ Anser caerulescens Tree 26 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | | \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | | | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum | \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus | \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | /-------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \------------+ /--------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Chauna torquata | | \------------+------------- Anhima cornuta \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens Tree 27 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /------------------------ Lithornis promiscuus | /----------------------+ /------------ Lithornis plebius | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \-----------+------------ Paracathartes howardae | | | /------------------------------------ Struthio camelus | | \----------+ /------------------------ Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------ Tinamus robustus | | \-----------+------------ Dinornis robustus \-----------+ /------------ Pelagornis chilensis | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------ Burhinus grallarius | | /-----------+------------ Cariama cristata | | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------ Porphyrio melanotus \-----------+ | \-----------+------------ Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------ Leipoa ocellata \-----------+ /-----------------------------------+ /-----------+------------ Alectura lathami | | | /----------------------------------+ /------------ Megapodius eremita | | | | \-----------+------------ Macrocephalon maleo | | \-----------+ /------------ Crax rubra | | | /----------------------------------+------------ Ortalis vetula \----------+ \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Acryllium vulturinum | \----------+ /------------------------ Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------ Gallus gallus | \-----------+------------ Coturnix pectoralis | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vegavis iaai | | /------------ Chauna torquata \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Anhima cornuta \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | /------------------------------------ Nettapterornis oxfordi \-----------+ /----------------------+ /------------------------ Conflicto antarcticus | | \-----------+ /------------ Wilaru tedfordi \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Presbyornis pervetus | /----------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Dendrocygna eytoni \----------+ /------------------------ Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------ Cereopsis novaehollandiae \-----------+------------ Anser caerulescens Tree 28 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | | \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | | | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum | \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus | \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | /--------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \------------+ /------------+ /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus \------------+ \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens Tree 29 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | | \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | | | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum | \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus | \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | /------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi \------------+ /------------------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops | /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens Tree 30 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | | \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | | | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum | \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus | \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | /--------------------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi \------------+ /------------+ /-------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus \------------+ \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens Tree 31 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | | \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | | | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum | \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus | \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | | | /------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | | \-----------+ /------------- Conflicto antarcticus \------------+ \------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens Tree 32 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | | \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | | | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum | \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus | \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | /--------------------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi \------------+ /------------+ /-------------------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \------------+ \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens Tree 33 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | | \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | | | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum | \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus | \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | /--------------------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi \------------+ /------------+ /-------------------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Wilaru tedfordi \------------+ \-----------+ /------------- Presbyornis pervetus | \------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens Tree 34 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | | \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | | | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum | \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus | \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | /--------------------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi \------------+ /------------+ /-------------------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Presbyornis pervetus \------------+ \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi | \------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens Tree 35 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /------------------------ Lithornis promiscuus | /----------------------+ /------------ Lithornis plebius | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \-----------+------------ Paracathartes howardae | | | /------------------------------------ Struthio camelus | | \----------+ /------------------------ Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------ Tinamus robustus | | \-----------+------------ Dinornis robustus \-----------+ /------------ Pelagornis chilensis | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------ Burhinus grallarius | | /-----------+------------ Cariama cristata | | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------ Porphyrio melanotus \-----------+ | \-----------+------------ Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------ Leipoa ocellata \-----------+ /-----------------------------------+ /-----------+------------ Alectura lathami | | | /----------------------------------+ /------------ Megapodius eremita | | | | \-----------+------------ Macrocephalon maleo | | \-----------+ /------------ Crax rubra | | | /----------------------------------+------------ Ortalis vetula \----------+ \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Acryllium vulturinum | \----------+ /------------------------ Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------ Gallus gallus | \-----------+------------ Coturnix pectoralis | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vegavis iaai | | /------------ Chauna torquata \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Anhima cornuta | | /------------------------------------ Nettapterornis oxfordi \-----------+ /----------------------------------+ /------------------------ Conflicto antarcticus | | \-----------+ /------------ Wilaru tedfordi \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Presbyornis pervetus | /----------------------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Dendrocygna eytoni \----------+ /------------------------ Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------ Cereopsis novaehollandiae \-----------+------------ Anser caerulescens Tree 36 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | | \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | | | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum | \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus | \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | /------------- Anseranas semipalmata | /-------------------------------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens Tree 37 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /------------------------ Lithornis promiscuus | /----------------------+ /------------ Lithornis plebius | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \-----------+------------ Paracathartes howardae | | | /------------------------------------ Struthio camelus | | \----------+ /------------------------ Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------ Tinamus robustus | | \-----------+------------ Dinornis robustus \-----------+ /------------ Pelagornis chilensis | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------ Burhinus grallarius | | /-----------+------------ Cariama cristata | | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------ Porphyrio melanotus \-----------+ | \-----------+------------ Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------ Leipoa ocellata \-----------+ /-----------------------------------+ /-----------+------------ Alectura lathami | | | /----------------------------------+ /------------ Megapodius eremita | | | | \-----------+------------ Macrocephalon maleo | | \-----------+ /------------ Crax rubra | | | /----------------------------------+------------ Ortalis vetula \----------+ \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Acryllium vulturinum | \----------+ /------------------------ Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------ Gallus gallus | \-----------+------------ Coturnix pectoralis | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vegavis iaai | | /------------ Chauna torquata \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Anhima cornuta | | /------------------------------------ Nettapterornis oxfordi \-----------+ /----------------------------------+ /------------------------ Conflicto antarcticus | | \-----------+ /------------ Wilaru tedfordi \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Presbyornis pervetus | /----------------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------- Anachronornis anhimops \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Dendrocygna eytoni \----------+ /------------------------ Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------ Cereopsis novaehollandiae \-----------+------------ Anser caerulescens Tree 38 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /-------------------------- Lithornis promiscuus | /------------------------+ /------------- Lithornis plebius | /-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \------------+------------- Paracathartes howardae | | | /-------------------------------------- Struthio camelus | | \------------+ /-------------------------- Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------- Tinamus robustus | | \------------+------------- Dinornis robustus \------------+ /------------- Pelagornis chilensis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------- Burhinus grallarius | | /------------+------------- Cariama cristata | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------- Porphyrio melanotus \------------+ | \------------+------------- Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------- Leipoa ocellata \------------+ /-------------------------+ /------------+------------- Alectura lathami | | | /-------------------------------------+ /------------- Megapodius eremita | | | | \------------+------------- Macrocephalon maleo | | \------------+ /------------- Crax rubra | | | /-------------------------------------+------------- Ortalis vetula \-----------+ \------------+ /-------------------------------------- Acryllium vulturinum | \------------+ /-------------------------- Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------- Gallus gallus | \------------+------------- Coturnix pectoralis | /------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vegavis iaai | | /------------- Chauna torquata \------------+ /---------------------------------------------------------------+------------- Anhima cornuta | | /-------------------------------------- Nettapterornis oxfordi \------------+ /-------------------------+ /-------------------------- Conflicto antarcticus | | \-----------+ /------------- Wilaru tedfordi \------------+ \------------+------------- Presbyornis pervetus | /--------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \------------+ /------------- Dendrocygna eytoni | /------------------------+------------- Anachronornis anhimops \------------+ /-------------------------- Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------- Cereopsis novaehollandiae \------------+------------- Anser caerulescens Tree 39 (rooted using default outgroup) /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ichthyornis dispar | /------------------------ Lithornis promiscuus | /----------------------+ /------------ Lithornis plebius | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ \-----------+------------ Paracathartes howardae | | | /------------------------------------ Struthio camelus | | \----------+ /------------------------ Dromaius novaehollandiae | | \-----------+ /------------ Tinamus robustus | | \-----------+------------ Dinornis robustus \-----------+ /------------ Pelagornis chilensis | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Protodontopteryx ruthae | | /------------ Burhinus grallarius | | /-----------+------------ Cariama cristata | | /---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ /------------ Porphyrio melanotus \-----------+ | \-----------+------------ Antigone rubicunda | | /----------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteriornis maastrichtensis | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallinuloides wyomingensis | | | /------------ Leipoa ocellata \-----------+ /-----------------------------------+ /-----------+------------ Alectura lathami | | | /----------------------------------+ /------------ Megapodius eremita | | | | \-----------+------------ Macrocephalon maleo | | \-----------+ /------------ Crax rubra | | | /----------------------------------+------------ Ortalis vetula \----------+ \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Acryllium vulturinum | \----------+ /------------------------ Phasianus colchicus | \-----------+ /------------ Gallus gallus | \-----------+------------ Coturnix pectoralis | /----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vegavis iaai | | /------------ Chauna torquata \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ Anhima cornuta | | /------------------------------------ Nettapterornis oxfordi \-----------+ /----------------------------------+ /------------------------ Conflicto antarcticus | | \-----------+ /------------ Wilaru tedfordi \-----------+ \-----------+------------ Presbyornis pervetus | /----------------------------------------------------------- Anseranas semipalmata \-----------+ /----------------------------------------------- Dendrocygna eytoni \-----------+ /------------------------------------ Anachronornis anhimops \----------+ /------------------------ Tadorna tadornoides \-----------+ /------------ Cereopsis novaehollandiae \-----------+------------ Anser caerulescens