* Additional study species ecology - additional ecological data for the study species - sp.range.numregions = the size of each species' distribution range in # of TDWG level 2 regions where the species has been observed, according to the Kew Orchid Checklist - num.habitats = the number of habitats in which the species has been observed, according to the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica - num.flring.mnths = the number of months in which the species has been observed to flower, according to the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica - occurs.in.cloud.forest = whether or not (0=no, 1=yes) the species has been observed in cloud forest, according to the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica - occurs.in.disturbed.areas = whether or not (0=no, 1=yes) the species has been observed in disturbed areas, according to the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica * Pairwise data - data for pairs of populations - population name codes are explained in the file 'pop.code.legend.fordryad' - only populations/locations from the same species are compared - pop1 and pop2 are the populations/locations being compared in each row of the table - Phist is the pairwise Φst value - geo.dist is the distance between the two populations, in km - elev.diff is the difference in elevation between the two populations, in m - circ.diff is the difference in mean branch circumference between the two populations, in cm - weights were calculated as (1/number of comparisons) for each species, with each comparison for a given species given the same weight. - "NA" indicates missing data * Population code legend - Full descriptions of each location (coordinates, etc.) can be found in Table S2. * Sample data - additional data for all samples collected - This table includes some samples that were not included in the population genetic analyses (mostly because of genotyping failures), as these were used for calculating branch circumference mean and variance for each population. - population name codes are explained in the file 'pop.code.legend.fordryad' - Flowers = the number of flowers on the sample plant at the time of collection (for Lepanthopsis floripecten, Flowers = the number of inflorescences on the sample plant) - Buds = the number of buds on the sample plant at the time of collection (for Lepanthopsis floripecten, Buds = the number of inflorescences in bud on the sample plant) - Leaves = the number of leaves on the sample plant at the time of collection - Fruits = the number of fruits on the sample plant at the time of collection - Height = height of the sample plant above the ground, in cm - Branch circ = circumference of the host branch where the sample plant was attached, in cm - "NA" indicates missing data * Study clade ecology by species - ecological data for all species from Costa Rica within the study clades - distribution = description of extent of species range, according to the Kew Orchid Checklist - min.elev = the minimum elevation at which the species has been observed, according to the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica - max.elev = the maximum elevation at which the species has been observed, according to the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica - num.habitats = the number of habitats in which the species has been observed, according to the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica - numregions = the size of each species' distribution range measures as the number of TDWG level 2 regions in which the species has been observed, according to the Kew Orchid Checklist - comparison = the sister clade pair to which the species belongs (JS = Jacquiniella/Scaphyglottis; BE = Brassavola/Epidendrum; TM = Trisetella/Masdevallia; DP = Dryadella/Platystele; LL = Lepanthopsis/Lepanthes) - clade.size = whether the species belongs to the large or the small clade from its sister clade pair - "NA" indicates missing data * Study clade range size by species - range size data for all species within each study clade - distribution = description of extent of species range, according to the Kew Orchid Checklist - numregions = the size of each species' distribution range measures as the number of TDWG level 2 regions in which the species has been observed, according to the Kew Orchid Checklist - comparison = the sister clade pair to which the species belongs (JS = Jacquiniella/Scaphyglottis; BE = Brassavola/Epidendrum; TM = Trisetella/Masdevallia; DP = Dryadella/Platystele; LL = Lepanthopsis/Lepanthes) - clade.size = whether the species belongs to the large or the small clade from its sister clade pair * Table S1 - Voucher information for samples collected for this study and deposited at the Lankester Botanic Garden in Costa Rica. * Table S2 - Detailed description of each location where samples were collected. * Table S3 - Details of AFLP method used for each study species. A star by the number of preamplification PCR cycles indicates that a 2 min extension time was used instead of the standard 2.5 min. * Table S4 - Scoring analysis details for all analysed AFLP datasets. Datasets that had unacceptably high error rates were not used for analyses and are not listed here. unf. = unfiltered; fil. = filtered; abs. = absolute scoring threshold; rel. = relative scoring threshold. * Table S5 - GenBank accession numbers for newly-generated matK sequences. * Table S6 - Ecological characteristics of study clades. Values for each clade are means of species values. Species range size is measured as number of TDWG Level 2 regions. * Table S7 - Branch circumference mean and variance for all study species. Dryadella odontostele was only found growing on a branch once, and so no variance is given.