Authors # species Taxonomic Level Taxon Order: Family Sex Organs checked units Lat or Alt arcˇ or m Linear slope R (correlatio coefficient) p-values Location Results Cause Suggested "Arnett and Gotelli, 1999a" 1 Species Myrmeleon immaculatus Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae B Larval head width Alt 457.3 - -0.46 p<0.05 Central and East US - Photoperiod "Arnett and Gotelli, 1999a" 1 Species Myrmeleon immaculatus Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae F Adult head width Alt 457.3 - 0.28 p<0.01 Central and East US - Photoperiod "Arnett and Gotelli, 1999a" 1 Species Myrmeleon immaculatus Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae M Adult head width Alt 457.3 - - p>0.05 Central and East US 0 Photoperiod "Ashby, 1997" 1 Species Xanthippus corallipes Orthoptera: Acrididae M Adult mass Alt 2100 - <-0.72 p<0.0001 New Mexico - Heat Conservation "Ashby, 1997" 1 Species Xanthippus corallipes Orthoptera: Acrididae F Adult mass Alt 2100 - <-0.72 p<0.0001 New Mexico - Heat Conservation "Belen et al., 2004" 1 Species Phlebotomus papatasi Diptera: Psychodidae B CVA (46) Alt 749 - - - "Sanliurfa Province, Turkey" 0 Insecticide Use "Berner and Blanckenhorn, 2006" 1 Species Omocestus viridulus Orthoptera: Acrididae B Hind femur length mm Alt 1990 - - p<0.001 Switzerland - Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Body length mm Alt 2474 - -0.3 p>0.05 Argentina "0, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Body length mm Alt 2474 - -0.47 p<0.05 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Femur length mm Alt 2474 - -0.18 p>0.05 Argentina "0, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Tibia length mm Alt 2474 - -0.12 p>0.05 Argentina "0, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Tegmina length mm Alt 2474 - -0.36 p>0.05 Argentina "0, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Pronotum length mm Alt 2474 - -0.22 p>0.05 Argentina "0, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Pronotum height mm Alt 2474 - -0.26 p>0.05 Argentina "0, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Femur length mm Alt 2474 - -0.25 p>0.05 Argentina "0, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Tibia length mm Alt 2474 - -0.1 p>0.05 Argentina "0, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Tegmina length mm Alt 2474 - -0.46 p<0.05 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Pronotum length mm Alt 2474 - -0.52 p<0.05 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Pronotum height mm Alt 2474 - -0.49 p<0.05 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007b" 1 Species Dichroplus vittatus Orthoptera: Acrididae M Body length mm Alt 2700 - - p>0.05 Argentina 0 "Seasonality, Increased Body Size Variation" "Bidau and Mart’, 2007b" 1 Species Dichroplus vittatus Orthoptera: Acrididae F Body length mm Alt 2700 - - p>0.05 Argentina 0 "Seasonality, Increased Body Size Variation" "Bidau and Mart’, 2007b" 1 Species Dichroplus vittatus Orthoptera: Acrididae B Body length mm Alt 2700 - - p>0.05 Argentina 0 "Seasonality, Increased Body Size Variation" "Bidau and Mart’, 2008a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae B "Proportions of femur, tibia, and tegmina length to body length" Alt 2474 - - p<0.05 Argentina - "Seasonality, Allometric Growth" "Bidau and Mart’, 2008a" 1 Species Dichroplus vittatus Orthoptera: Acrididae B "Proportions of femur, tibia, and tegmina length to body length" Alt 2722 - - p>0.05 Argentina 0 "Seasonality, Allometric Growth" "Bidau and Mart’, 2008b" 1 Species Dichroplus vittatus Orthoptera: Acrididae B "Body length, femur and tibia lengths, tegmina length, pronotum lengths and heights" Alt 2722 - - - Argentina - Sexual Size Dimorphism "Bidau and Mart’, 2008b" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae B "Body length, femur and tibia lengths, tegmina length, pronotum lengths and heights" Alt 2474 - - - Argentina - Sexual Size Dimorphism "Bidau and Mart’, 2008c" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae B Body length and PCA (6) PC Alt 2474 - -0.6 p<0.005 Argentina - Seasonality "Bitner MathŽ and Klaczko, 1999" 1 Species Drosophila mediopunctata Diptera: Drosophilidae F PCA (13) PC Alt 600 - - p<0.05 "Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Brazil" 0 Genetic "Blanckenhorn, 1997" 1 Species Sepsis cynipsea Diptera: Sepsidae B Head width mm Alt 1000 - - p>0.05 Switzerland 0 Temperature "Blanckenhorn, 1997" 1 Species Scathophaga stercoraria Diptera: Scatophagidae B Hind tibia length mm Alt 1000 - - p<0.005 Switzerland - Temperature "Bracewell, 2009" 1 Species Dendroctonus Ponderosae Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Pronotum width Alt 4351 - - - Western US + Genetic "Brehm and Fiedler, 2004" 139 Genus (139 species) Larentiinae: Eupithecia Lepidoptera: Geometridae M Wingspan Alt 1637 - 0.83 p<0.001 "Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador" + Increased Body Size Variation "Brehm and Fiedler, 2004" 97 Tribe (97 species) Ennominae: Ourapterygini Lepidoptera: Geometridae M Wingspan Alt 1637 - -0.65 p<0.001 "Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador" - Increased Body Size Variation "Brehm and Fiedler, 2004" 953 Family (953 species) Lepidoptera: Geometridae M Wingspan Alt 1637 - -0.59 p<0.005 "Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador" - Increased Body Size Variation "Brehm and Fiedler, 2004" 70 Genus (70 species) Larentiinae: Psaliodes Lepidoptera: Geometridae M Wingspan Alt 1637 - 0.35 p>0.05 "Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador" 0 Increased Body Size Variation "Brehm and Fiedler, 2004" 85 Genus (85 species) Larentiinae: Eois Lepidoptera: Geometridae M Wingspan Alt 1637 - 0.07 p>0.05 "Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador" 0 Increased Body Size Variation "Brehm and Fiedler, 2004" 68 Tribe (68 species) Ennominae: Boarmiini Lepidoptera: Geometridae M Wingspan Alt 1637 - -0.46 p>0.05 "Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador" 0 Increased Body Size Variation "Brehm and Fiedler, 2004" 468 Subfamily (468 species) Ennominae Lepidoptera: Geometridae M Wingspan Alt 1637 - 0.24 p>0.05 "Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador" 0 Increased Body Size Variation "Brehm and Fiedler, 2004" 372 Subfamily 372 species) Larentiinae Lepidoptera: Geometridae M Wingspan Alt 1637 - -0.24 p>0.05 "Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador" 0 Increased Body Size Variation "Bubliy and Loeschcke, 2005" 1 Species Drosophila buzzatii Diptera: Drosophilidae B "Thorax length, wing length and width, wing/thorax ratio" - Alt 866 - - - "La Gomera, Canary Islands" 0 Environmental Stress "Bubliy and Loeschcke, 2005" 1 Species Drosophila simulans Diptera: Drosophilidae B "Thorax length, wing length and width, wing/thorax ratio" - Alt 866 - - - "La Gomera, Canary Islands" 0 Environmental Stress "Chown and Klok, 2003" 4 Family (4 species) Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Body length mm Alt 1000 0.001 - p<0.0001 "Marion Island, Prince Edward Islands" + Seasonality "Chown and Klok, 2003" 1 Species Ectemnorhinus similis Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Body length mm Alt 599 0.003 - p<0.0001 "Marion Island, Prince Edward Islands" + Seasonality "Chown and Klok, 2003" 1 Species Ectemnorhinus marioni Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Body length mm Alt 599 0.001 - p<0.0001 "Marion Island, Prince Edward Islands" + Seasonality "Chown and Klok, 2003" 1 Species Bothrometopus parvulus Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Body length mm Alt 999 0.001 - p<0.0001 "Marion Island, Prince Edward Islands" + Seasonality "Chown and Klok, 2003" 1 Species Bothrometopus elongatus Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Body length mm Alt 800 0.001 - p<0.0001 "Marion Island, Prince Edward Islands" + Seasonality "Chown and Klok, 2003" 4 Family (4 species) Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Body length mm Alt 380 -0.003 - p<0.0001 "Heard Island, Prince Edward Islands" - Seasonality "Chown and Klok, 2003" 1 Species Bothrometopus brevis Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Body length mm Alt 298 -0.001 - p<0.05 "Heard Island, Prince Edward Islands" - Seasonality "Chown and Klok, 2003" 1 Species Ectemnorhinus viridis Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Body length mm Alt 348 -0.005 - p<0.0001 "Heard Island, Prince Edward Islands" - Seasonality "Chown and Klok, 2003" 1 Species Canonopsis sericeus Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Body length mm Alt 198 -0.002 - p<0.005 "Heard Island, Prince Edward Islands" - Seasonality "Chown and Klok, 2003" 1 Species Bothrometopus gracilipes Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Body length mm Alt 330 -0.003 - p<0.0001 "Heard Island, Prince Edward Islands" - Seasonality "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Poecilimon birandi Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae M Body length mm Alt 1860 - -0.86 p<0.001 "Anatolia, Turkey" - none "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Poecilimon birandi Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae F Body length mm Alt 1860 - -0.84 p<0.001 "Anatolia, Turkey" - none "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Poecilimon birandi Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae M Tegmina length mm Alt 1860 - -0.71 p<0.001 "Anatolia, Turkey" - none "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Poecilimon birandi Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae M Pronotum length mm Alt 1860 - -0.84 p<0.001 "Anatolia, Turkey" - none "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Poecilimon birandi Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae F Pronotum length mm Alt 1860 - -0.73 p<0.001 "Anatolia, Turkey" - none "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Poecilimon birandi Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae F Ovipositor length mm Alt 1246 - -0.7 p<0.001 "Anatolia, Turkey" - Interspecific Interactions "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Poecilimon birandi Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae M Hind femur length mm Alt 1860 - -0.77 p<0.001 "Anatolia, Turkey" - none "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Poecilimon birandi Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae F Hind femur length mm Alt 1860 - -0.7 p<0.001 "Anatolia, Turkey" - none "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Poecilimon birandi Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae F Tegmina length mm Alt 1860 - - p>0.05 "Anatolia, Turkey" 0 none "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Oedipoda miniata Orthoptera: Acrididae M Body length mm Alt 1246 - -0.58 p<0.001 "Anatolia, Turkey" "-, Hump-shaped" Interspecific Interactions "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Oedipoda miniata Orthoptera: Acrididae F Body length mm Alt 1246 - -0.32 p<0.05 "Anatolia, Turkey" "-, Hump-shaped" Interspecific Interactions "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Chorthippus vagans Orthoptera: Acrididae F Tegmina length mm Alt 1466 - 0.32 p<0.005 "Anatolia, Turkey" "+, Hump-shaped" "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Chorthippus vagans Orthoptera: Acrididae M Tegmina length mm Alt 1466 - -0.28 p<0.05 "Anatolia, Turkey" "-, Hump-shaped" "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Oedipoda miniata Orthoptera: Acrididae F Tegmina length mm Alt 1246 - -0.33 p<0.05 "Anatolia, Turkey" "-, Hump-shaped" Interspecific Interactions "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Oedipoda miniata Orthoptera: Acrididae M Pronotum length mm Alt 1246 - -0.4 p<0.005 "Anatolia, Turkey" "-, Hump-shaped" Interspecific Interactions "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Oedipoda miniata Orthoptera: Acrididae F Pronotum length mm Alt 1246 - -0.35 p<0.01 "Anatolia, Turkey" "-, Hump-shaped" Interspecific Interactions "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Oedipoda miniata Orthoptera: Acrididae F Hind femur length mm Alt 1246 - -0.34 p<0.01 "Anatolia, Turkey" "-, Hump-shaped" Interspecific Interactions "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Chorthippus vagans Orthoptera: Acrididae F Body length mm Alt 1466 - 0.52 p<0.001 "Anatolia, Turkey" + "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Chorthippus vagans Orthoptera: Acrididae M Body length mm Alt 1466 - -0.1 p>0.05 "Anatolia, Turkey" 0 "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Oedipoda miniata Orthoptera: Acrididae M Tegmina length mm Alt 1246 - -0.66 p<0.001 "Anatolia, Turkey" - Interspecific Interactions "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Oedipoda miniata Orthoptera: Acrididae M Hind femur length mm Alt 1246 - -0.43 p<0.005 "Anatolia, Turkey" - Interspecific Interactions "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Chorthippus vagans Orthoptera: Acrididae M Pronotum length mm Alt 1466 - -0.14 p>0.05 "Anatolia, Turkey" 0 "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Chorthippus vagans Orthoptera: Acrididae F Pronotum length mm Alt 1466 - - p>0.05 "Anatolia, Turkey" 0 "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Chorthippus vagans Orthoptera: Acrididae M Hind femur length mm Alt 1466 - - p>0.05 "Anatolia, Turkey" 0 "Ciplak et al., 2008" 1 Species Chorthippus vagans Orthoptera: Acrididae F Hind femur length mm Alt 1466 - - p>0.05 "Anatolia, Turkey" 0 "Collinge et al., 2006" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing area mm Alt 1286 - ±0.05 p>0.05 Eastern Australia 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult body length mm Alt 1755 - 0.73 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult body length mm Alt 1755 - 0.81 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult body length mm Alt 1805 - 0.61 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult body length mm Alt 1755 - 0.7 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval total length mm Alt 967 - -0.42 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" - "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval total length mm Alt 1638 - 0.11 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval total length mm Alt 1392 - 0.1 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval total length mm Alt 2025 - -0.56 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 4 Genus (4 species) "Anacroneuria chorrera, paleta, tachira, muesca" Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval total length mm Alt 2025 - 0.08 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult body length mm Alt 1755 - 0.54 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult body length mm Alt 950 - 0.32 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult body length mm Alt 950 - -0.21 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult body length mm Alt 950 - 0.89 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult body length mm Alt 1805 - 0.28 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult body length mm Alt 1805 - 0.33 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult body length mm Alt 455 - 0.27 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult body length mm Alt 455 - 0.4 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult body length mm Alt 455 - 0.41 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult body length mm Alt 1755 - 0.68 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval width abdominal segment 1 mm Alt 1638 - 0.23 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval head length mm Alt 1392 - 0.52 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 4 Genus (4 species) "Anacroneuria chorrera, paleta, tachira, muesca" Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval head length mm Alt 2025 - 0.2 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 4 Genus (4 species) "Anacroneuria chorrera, paleta, tachira, muesca" Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval intraocular distance mm Alt 2025 - 0.17 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult head width mm Alt 1755 - 0.72 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult head width mm Alt 1755 - 0.87 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult head length mm Alt 1755 - 0.79 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult head length mm Alt 1755 - 0.66 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult head length mm Alt 1755 - 0.82 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult pronotum width mm Alt 1755 - 0.7 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult pronotum width mm Alt 1755 - 0.86 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult pronotum length mm Alt 1755 - 0.72 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult pronotum length mm Alt 1755 - 0.61 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult pronotum length mm Alt 1755 - 0.77 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult forewing length mm Alt 1755 - 0.76 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult forewing length mm Alt 1755 - 0.7 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult forewing length mm Alt 1755 - 0.8 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult forewing length mm Alt 950 - 0.87 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult forewing length mm Alt 950 - 0.79 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult head width mm Alt 1805 - 0.66 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult head length mm Alt 1805 - 0.6 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult pronotum width mm Alt 1805 - 0.7 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult pronotum width mm Alt 1805 - 0.58 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult pronotum length mm Alt 1805 - 0.61 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult forewing length mm Alt 1805 - 0.65 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult forewing length mm Alt 1805 - 0.52 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult head width mm Alt 1755 - 0.86 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult head width mm Alt 1755 - 0.85 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult head length mm Alt 1755 - 0.78 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult head length mm Alt 1755 - 0.76 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult pronotum width mm Alt 1755 - 0.81 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult pronotum width mm Alt 1755 - 0.8 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult forewing length mm Alt 1755 - 0.85 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult forewing length mm Alt 1755 - 0.84 p<0.01 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" + "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval head width mm Alt 967 - -0.39 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" - "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval head length mm Alt 967 - -0.37 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" - "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval intraocular distance mm Alt 967 - -0.2 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" - "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval forewingpad length mm Alt 967 - -0.29 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" - "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval length abdominal segment 1 mm Alt 967 - -0.34 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" - "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval width abdominal segment 1 mm Alt 967 - -0.38 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" - "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval abdomen length mm Alt 967 - -0.35 p<0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" - "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval head width mm Alt 1638 - 0.13 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval head length mm Alt 1638 - 0.2 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval intraocular distance mm Alt 1638 - 0.17 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval forewingpad length mm Alt 1638 - 0.03 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval length abdominal segment 1 mm Alt 1638 - 0.13 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval abdomen length mm Alt 1638 - 0.01 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval head width mm Alt 1392 - 0.18 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval intraocular distance mm Alt 1392 - 0.19 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval forewingpad length mm Alt 1392 - 0.29 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval length abdominal segment 1 mm Alt 1392 - -0.38 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval width abdominal segment 1 mm Alt 1392 - 0.16 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval abdomen length mm Alt 1392 - -0.11 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval head width mm Alt 2025 - 0.25 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval head length mm Alt 2025 - -0.05 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval intraocular distance mm Alt 2025 - 0.53 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval forewingpad length mm Alt 2025 - -0.04 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval length abdominal segment 1 mm Alt 2025 - 0.21 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval width abdominal segment 1 mm Alt 2025 - 0.2 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval abdomen length mm Alt 2025 - -0.59 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 4 Genus (4 species) "Anacroneuria chorrera, paleta, tachira, muesca" Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval head width mm Alt 2025 - 0.11 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 4 Genus (4 species) "Anacroneuria chorrera, paleta, tachira, muesca" Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval forewingpad length mm Alt 2025 - 0.09 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 4 Genus (4 species) "Anacroneuria chorrera, paleta, tachira, muesca" Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval length abdominal segment 1 mm Alt 2025 - 0.04 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 4 Genus (4 species) "Anacroneuria chorrera, paleta, tachira, muesca" Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval width abdominal segment 1 mm Alt 2025 - 0.6 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 4 Genus (4 species) "Anacroneuria chorrera, paleta, tachira, muesca" Plecoptera: Perlidae B Larval abdomen length mm Alt 2025 - 0.01 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult head width mm Alt 1755 - 0.5 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria chorrera Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult pronotum width mm Alt 1755 - 0.46 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult head width mm Alt 950 - 0.03 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult head width mm Alt 950 - -0.41 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult head width mm Alt 950 - 0.87 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult head length mm Alt 950 - 0.34 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult head length mm Alt 950 - 0.07 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult head length mm Alt 950 - -0.56 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult pronotum width mm Alt 950 - -0.03 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult pronotum width mm Alt 950 - -0.51 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult pronotum width mm Alt 950 - 0.94 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult pronotum length mm Alt 950 - 0.56 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult pronotum length mm Alt 950 - 0.09 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult pronotum length mm Alt 950 - 0.91 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria segnini Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult forewing length mm Alt 950 - 0.94 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult head width mm Alt 1805 - 0.3 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult head width mm Alt 1805 - 0.51 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult head length mm Alt 1805 - 0.42 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult head length mm Alt 1805 - 0.29 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult pronotum width mm Alt 1805 - 0.42 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult pronotum length mm Alt 1805 - 0.57 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult pronotum length mm Alt 1805 - 0.24 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria paleta Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult forewing length mm Alt 1805 - 0.21 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult head width mm Alt 455 - 0.48 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult head width mm Alt 455 - 0.32 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult head width mm Alt 455 - 0.56 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult head length mm Alt 455 - 0.02 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult head length mm Alt 455 - 0.27 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult head length mm Alt 455 - -0.19 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult pronotum width mm Alt 455 - 0.26 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult pronotum width mm Alt 455 - 0.2 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult pronotum width mm Alt 455 - 0.31 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult pronotum length mm Alt 455 - -0.37 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult pronotum length mm Alt 455 - -0.22 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult pronotum length mm Alt 455 - -0.22 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult forewing length mm Alt 455 - 0.21 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae F Adult forewing length mm Alt 455 - 0.34 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria tachira Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult forewing length mm Alt 455 - 0.5 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae B Adult pronotum length mm Alt 1755 - 0.53 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Cressa et al., 2008" 1 Species Anacroneuria muesca Plecoptera: Perlidae M Adult pronotum length mm Alt 1755 - 0.49 p>0.05 "Chama River watershed, Venezuela" 0 "Dahlgaard et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila buzzatii Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing length mm Alt 1864 - - p<0.05 Argentina + Genetic "Dahlgaard et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila buzzatii Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Alt 1864 - - p>0.05 Argentina 0 Genetic "Daly et al., 1991" 1 Species Apis mellifera Hymenoptera: Apidae F Wing width mm Alt 1750 - - - "California, US" + Genetic "De Los Santos et al., 2000" 7 Genus (7 species) "Hegeter amaroides, lateralis, tristis, tenuipunctatus, excisus, transversus, proximus" Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B PCA (22) PC Alt 2290 - - - "Tenerife, Canary Islands" - "Temperature, Soil Type" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae F Body weight mg Alt 1612 - 0.69 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae M Body weight mg Alt 1612 - 0.77 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae F Interocular distance mm Alt 1612 - 0.73 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae F Left wing length mm Alt 1612 - 0.81 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae F Right wing length mm Alt 1612 - 0.79 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae F Ovipositor length mm Alt 1612 - 0.54 p<0.005 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae M Interocular distance mm Alt 1612 - 0.54 p<0.005 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae M Left wing length mm Alt 1612 - 0.78 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae M Right wing length mm Alt 1612 - 0.69 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "Geraghty et al., 2007" 36 Family (36 species) Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Body size mm Alt 1151 - ±0.05 p>0.05 "Great Smokey Mountains National Park, USA" 0 "Geraghty et al., 2007" 36 Family (36 species) Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Colony size # Alt 1151 - ±0.14 p>0.05 "Great Smokey Mountains National Park, USA" 0 "Guevara and AvilŽs, 2007" Class Insecta B Dry biomass Alt 2000 - - p<0.0001 Eastern Ecuador - none "Hawkins and DeVries, 1996" Family Lepidoptera: Riodinidae B Forewing length mm Alt 2400 - - - Costa Rica 0 Taxonomic Differences "Hawkins and DeVries, 1996" Family Lepidoptera: Pieridae B Forewing length mm Alt 2800 - - - Costa Rica - Taxonomic Differences "Hawkins and DeVries, 1996" Family Lepidoptera: Papilionidae B Forewing length mm Alt 1750 - - - Costa Rica + Taxonomic Differences "Hawkins and DeVries, 1996" Family Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae B Forewing length mm Alt 2950 - - - Costa Rica "0, Hump-shaped" Taxonomic Differences "Hawkins and DeVries, 1996" Order (4 families) "Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, and Riodinidae " Lepidoptera B Forewing length mm Alt 2800 - - - Costa Rica "0, Hump-shaped" Taxonomic Differences "Hemmingsen, 1958" 1 Species Tipula lesnei Diptera: Tipulidae M Wing length mm Alt 1300 - - - Gran Canaria 0 Temperature Janes 1994 Order Lepidoptera B Mean body volume log mm^3 Alt 945 -0.36 -0.7 p<0.01 "Oregon Cascades, USA" - "Developmental Time, Taxonomic Differences" Janes 1994 Order Hymenoptera B Mean body volume log mm^3 Alt 945 -0.08 -0.43 p>0.05 "Oregon Cascades, USA" 0 "Developmental Time, Taxonomic Differences" Janes 1994 Order Diptera B Mean body volume log mm^3 Alt 945 0.06 0.22 p>0.05 "Oregon Cascades, USA" 0 "Developmental Time, Taxonomic Differences" Janes 1994 Order Coleoptera B Mean body volume log mm^3 Alt 945 0.15 0.45 p>0.05 "Oregon Cascades, USA" 0 "Developmental Time, Taxonomic Differences" Janes 1994 Phylum "Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, ""Homoptera,"" ""Hemiptera,"" Arachnida" Arthropoda B Mean body volume log mm^3 Alt 945 -0.246 -0.77 p<0.01 "Oregon Cascades, USA" - "Developmental Time, Taxonomic Differences" Janes 1994 Order """Homoptera""" B Mean body volume log mm^3 Alt 945 -0.19 -0.66 p<0.01 "Oregon Cascades, USA" - "Developmental Time, Taxonomic Differences" Janes 1994 Order """Hemiptera""" B Mean body volume log mm^3 Alt 945 0.043 0.22 p>0.05 "Oregon Cascades, USA" 0 "Developmental Time, Taxonomic Differences" "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Head width mm Alt - - - p<0.001 Southeastern US ± none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Thorax Length mm Alt - - - p<0.001 Southeastern US ± none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Head width mm Alt - - - p<0.5 Southeastern US ± none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Harp area mm Alt - - - p<0.01 Southeastern US ± none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Mirror area mm Alt - - - p<0.005 Southeastern US ± none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Hind femur length mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Harp area mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Mirror area mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Head width mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Thorax length mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Hind femur length mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Ovipositor length mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Thorax Length mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Hind femur length mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Head width mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Thorax length mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Hind femur length mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Ovipositor length mm Alt - - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Janzen et al., 1976" Class (7 orders) Insecta B Average arthropod length mm Alt 3400 - - - Venezuelan Andes near MŽrida "-, Hump-shaped" Taxonomic Differences "Janzen et al., 1976" Class (7 orders) Insecta B Dry weight g Alt 3400 - - - Venezuelan Andes near MŽrida "-, Hump-shaped" Taxonomic Differences "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae F Body weight mg Alt 1934 0.026 - p<0.001 India + "Temperature, Genetics" "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae M Body weight mg Alt 1934 0.018 - p<0.001 India + "Temperature, Genetics" "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing length mm Alt 1934 0.01 - p<0.001 India + "Temperature, Genetics" "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae F Thorax length mm Alt 1934 0.006 - p<0.001 India + "Temperature, Genetics" "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wing length mm Alt 1934 0.016 - p<0.05 India + "Temperature, Genetics" "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae M Thorax length mm Alt 1934 0.007 - p<0.01 India 0 "Temperature, Genetics" "Karl et al., 2008" 1 Species Lycaena tityrus Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae B Pupal mass mg Alt 1600 - - p>0.05 Germany; Italy; Austria 0 "Development Time, Voltinism" "Karl et al., 2008" 1 Species Lycaena tityrus Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae B Pupal mass mg Alt 1800 - - p>0.05 Germany; Italy; Austria 0 "Development Time, Voltinism" "Karl et al., 2008" 1 Species Lycaena tityrus Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae B Total dry mass mg Alt 1800 - - p>0.05 Germany; Italy; Austria 0 "Development Time, Voltinism" "Karl et al., 2008" 1 Species Lycaena tityrus Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae B Wing length mm Alt 1800 - - p>0.05 Germany; Italy; Austria 0 "Development Time, Voltinism" "Karl et al., 2008" 1 Species Lycaena tityrus Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae B Wing area mm^2 Alt 1800 - - p>0.05 Germany; Italy; Austria 0 "Development Time, Voltinism" "Koning and Jamieson, 2001" 1 Species Hemideina maori Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae B "Head length and width, femur length" mm Alt 350 - - p<0.001 "Rock and Pillar range, South Island, New Zealand" + Temperature "Koning and Jamieson, 2001" 1 Species Hemideina maori Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae F Ovipositor length mm Alt 350 - - p>0.05 "Rock and Pillar range, South Island, New Zealand" 0 Temperature "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Sepidium dathan Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae M Elytral length mm Alt 400 0.003 0.57 p<0.001 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" + Temperature "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Adesmia metallica syriaca Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae M Femur length mm Alt 495 -0.002 -0.68 p<0.001 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" - Temperature "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Adesmia metallica syriaca Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae F Femur length mm Alt 495 -0.003 -0.82 p<0.001 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" - Temperature "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Adesmia metallica syriaca Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae M Elytral length mm Alt 495 -0.003 -0.56 p<0.001 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" - Temperature "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Adesmia metallica syriaca Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae F Elytral length mm Alt 495 -0.004 -0.61 p<0.001 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" - Temperature "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Zophosis complanata Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Elytral length mm Alt 475 -0.002 -0.37 p<0.001 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" - Temperature "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Erodius edomitus Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Elytral length mm Alt 490 -0.002 -0.51 p<0.001 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" - Temperature "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Trachyderma philistina Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Elytral length mm Alt 500 - - p>0.05 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" 0 "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Pimelia canescens Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Elytral length mm Alt 500 - - p>0.05 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" 0 "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Micipsa philistina Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Elytral length mm Alt 485 - - p>0.05 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" 0 "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Trachyderma philistina Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Femur length mm Alt 500 - - p>0.05 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" 0 "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Pimelia canescens Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Femur length mm Alt 500 - - p>0.05 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" 0 "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Micipsa philistina Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Femur length mm Alt 485 - - p>0.05 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" 0 "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Zophosis complanata Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Femur length mm Alt 475 - - p>0.05 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" 0 "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Sepidium dathan Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Femur length mm Alt 400 - - p>0.05 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" 0 "Krasnov et al., 1996" 1 Species Erodius edomitus Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Femur length mm Alt 490 - - p>0.05 "Ramon erosion cirque, Israel" 0 "Kuclu et al., 2011" 1 Species Aedes vexans Diptera: Culicidae F CVA (65) Alt 812 - - - "Aras Valley, Turkey" 0 "Genetic, Environmental" "Malo and Baonza, 2002" Order (>4 genera) "Apis mellifera with Andrena, Anthophora, and Bombus genera" Hymenoptera: Apidae F """Size""" mm Alt 620 0.002 0.44 p<0.0001 "Sierra de Guadarrama, Spain" + Cline in Resource Quality/Quantity/Size "Mani, 1968 " Genus Trechus sp Coleoptera: Carabidae - Body Size Alt none given - - - Himalayas - none "Mani, 1968 " Genus Nebria sp Coleoptera: Carabidae - Body Size Alt none given - - - Himalayas - none "Mani, 1968 " Genus Bembidion sp Coleoptera: Carabidae B Body Size Alt 4500 - - - Himalayas - none "Mani, 1968 " Genus Amara sp Coleoptera: Carabidae - Body Size Alt none given - - - Himalayas - none "Marcondes et al., 1998" 1 Species Lutzomyia neivai Diptera: Psychodidae F 39 Characters Alt 795 - - - "S‹o Paulo, Brazil" 0 "Marcondes et al., 1998" 1 Species Lutzomyia intermedia. s. s. Diptera: Psychodidae F 39 Characters Alt 795 - - - "S‹o Paulo, Brazil" 0 "Marcondes et al., 1999" 1 Species Lutzomyia intermedia Diptera: Psychodidae B 39 Characters Alt 748.6 - - p<0.05 Brazil + Altitude Predominates "Masaki, 1967" 1 Species Teleogryllus emma Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Head width mm Alt 1000 -0.011 - p<0.01 Japan - Genetic "Masaki, 1967" 1 Species Teleogryllus emma Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Head width mm Alt 1000 -0.008 - p<0.01 Japan - Genetic "Norry et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila buzzatii Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing length mm Alt 1973 - - p<0.05 NW Argentina + none "Norry et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila buzzatii Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Alt 1973 - - p<0.0005 NW Argentina - none "Reinig 1930,1931 (cited in Mani, 1968)" 1 Species Prosodes costifera Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae F Body length mm Alt none given - - - "Pamir Mountains, Central Asia" - Aptery "Reinig 1930,1931 (cited in Mani, 1968)" 1 Species Platyscelis margellanica Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B Body length mm Alt 1600 - - - "Pamir Mountains, Central Asia" - Aptery "Reinig 1930,1931 (cited in Mani, 1968)" 1 Species Blaps caraboides Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae - Body length mm Alt 1110 - - - "Pamir Mountains, Central Asia" - Aptery "Reinig 1930,1931 (cited in Mani, 1968)" 1 Species Anatolica paphia Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae - Body length mm Alt 470 - - - "Pamir Mountains, Central Asia" - Aptery "Reinig 1930,1931 (cited in Mani, 1968)" 1 Species Prosodes alaiensis Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B "Body, mucro, & elytra length" Alt none given - - - "Pamir Mountains, Central Asia" - Aptery "Rourke, 2000" 1 Species Melanoplus sanguinipes Orthoptera: Acrididae B Mass Alt 2979 - - p<0.005 "California, US" + Dessication Stress "Ruttner et al., 2000" 1 Species Apis mellifera meda Hymenoptera: Apidae - PCA (13) PC Alt 2150 - - p<0.05 "Massandaran, Iran" + Phylogenetic History "Ruttner et al., 2000" 1 Species Apis mellifera (6 subspecies) Hymenoptera: Apidae - PCA (13) PC Alt 1600 - - p<0.05 Syria; Iraq; Iran + Phylogenetic History "Scharf et al., 2009" 1 Species Myrmeleon hyalinus Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae B PCA (7) PC Alt 484.7 0 -0.23 p<0.005 Israel - "Temperature, Dessication Stress" "Smith et al., 2000" 1 Species Nicrophorus investigator Coleoptera: Silphidae B Elytron length mm Alt 400 - - p<0.005 "S. Rocky Mountains, Colorado, US" + Increased food intake and digestive efficiency "Smith, 1961" 1 Species Apis mellifera adamsonii Hymenoptera: Apidae F unspecified - Alt - - - - Africa 0 "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus albrechti Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 2000 -0.00068 - p<0.05 Japan - Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus arrowianus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 1200 -0.003 - p<0.01 Japan - Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus dehaanii Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 1700 -0.002 - p<0.001 Japan - Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus insulicola Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 1400 -0.001 - p<0.001 Japan - Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus iwawakianus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 1650 -0.002 - p<0.001 Japan - Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus japonicus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 1300 -0.002 - p<0.01 Japan - Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus lewisianus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 1550 -0.001 - p<0.001 Japan - Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus maiyasanus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 750 -0.002 - p<0.05 Japan - Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus yamato Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 1200 -0.001 - p<0.001 Japan - Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus daisen Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 700 0 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus esakii Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 1050 0 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus tosanus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 1500 -0.002 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus yaconinus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 650 -0.001 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2002" 1 Species Leptocarabus procerulus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length Alt 2000 - - - Japan - "Temperature, Interspecific Interactions" "Sota et al., 2002" 1 Species Leptocarabus kyushuensis Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length Alt 1000 - - - Japan - "Temperature, Interspecific Interactions" "Sota et al., 2002" 1 Species Leptocarabus kumagaii Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length Alt 1750 - - - Japan - "Temperature, Interspecific Interactions" "Sota et al., 2002" 1 Species Leptocarabus hiurai Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length Alt 1800 - - - Japan - "Temperature, Interspecific Interactions" "Sota et al., 2002" 1 Species Leptocarabus arboreus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length Alt 3000 - - - Japan - "Temperature, Interspecific Interactions" "Sota, 1996" 1 Species Leptocarabus procerulus Coleoptera: Carabidae M Body length mm Alt 1470 -0.003 -0.86 p<0.01 "Central Honshu, Japan" - Voltinism "Sota, 1996" 1 Species Leptocarabus arboreus Coleoptera: Carabidae M Body length mm Alt 1290 -0.002 -0.97 p<0.0001 "Central Honshu, Japan" - Voltinism "Sota, 1996" 1 Species Leptocarabus procerulus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 1470 -0.003 -0.9 p<0.005 "Central Honshu, Japan" - Voltinism "Sota, 1996" 1 Species Leptocarabus arboreus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Alt 1290 -0.002 -0.97 p<0.0001 "Central Honshu, Japan" - Voltinism "Stalker and Carson, 1948" 1 Species Drosophila robusta Diptera: Drosophilidae F Head width Alt 914.4 - - p>0.05 "Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA" "0, Sawtooth" Genetic "Stalker and Carson, 1948" 1 Species Drosophila robusta Diptera: Drosophilidae F "Thorax length, femur length, wing length and width" Alt 914.4 - - p<0.05 "Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA" "-, Sawtooth" Genetic Stone 1993 1 Species Creightonella frontalis Hymenoptera: Megachilidae B Body mass mg Alt 1600 - - p>0.05 Papua New Guinea 0 Temperature Stone 1993 1 Species Amegilla sapiens Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae B Body mass mg Alt 1600 - - p<0.001 Papua New Guinea + Temperature "Tantowijoyo and Hoffmann, 2011" 1 Species Liriomyza huidobrensis Diptera: Agromyzidae M Thorax length mm Alt 2092 - 0.14 p<0.05 "Java, Indonesia" + Thermoregulation "Tantowijoyo and Hoffmann, 2011" 1 Species Liriomyza huidobrensis Diptera: Agromyzidae M Wing Size mm Alt 2092 - 0.3 p<0.001 "Java, Indonesia" + Thermoregulation "Tantowijoyo and Hoffmann, 2011" 1 Species Liriomyza huidobrensis Diptera: Agromyzidae F Thorax length mm Alt 2092 - 0.37 p<0.001 "Java, Indonesia" + Thermoregulation "Tantowijoyo and Hoffmann, 2011" 1 Species Liriomyza huidobrensis Diptera: Agromyzidae F Wing Size mm Alt 2092 - 0.36 p<0.001 "Java, Indonesia" + Thermoregulation "Tantowijoyo and Hoffmann, 2011" 1 Species Liriomyza sativae Diptera: Agromyzidae F Wing Size mm Alt 2092 - 0.3 p<0.01 "Java, Indonesia" + Thermoregulation "Tantowijoyo and Hoffmann, 2011" 1 Species Liriomyza sativae Diptera: Agromyzidae F Thorax length mm Alt 2092 - - p>0.05 "Java, Indonesia" 0 Thermoregulation "Tantowijoyo and Hoffmann, 2011" 1 Species Liriomyza sativae Diptera: Agromyzidae M Thorax length mm Alt 2092 - - p>0.05 "Java, Indonesia" 0 Thermoregulation "Tantowijoyo and Hoffmann, 2011" 1 Species Liriomyza sativae Diptera: Agromyzidae M Wing Size mm Alt 2092 - - p>0.05 "Java, Indonesia" 0 Thermoregulation "Thiele and Kirchner, 1958" 1 Species Pterostichus vulgaris Coleoptera: Carabidae B Elytra length Alt 2302 - - - "Bergisches Land, Germany" - none "Thiele and Kirchner, 1958" 1 Species Pterostichus madidus Coleoptera: Carabidae B Elytra length Alt 745 - - - "Bergisches Land, Germany" - none "Thiele and Kirchner, 1958" 1 Species Agonom assimile Coleoptera: Carabidae B Elytra length Alt 1760 - - - "Krickenbecker Lakes, Germany" - none "Thiele and Kirchner, 1958" 1 Species Abax ater Coleoptera: Carabidae B Elytra length Alt 235 - - - "Krickenbecker Lakes, Germany" - none "Vamosi et al., 2007" 132 Family (132 species) Coleoptera: Dytiscidae B Total length Alt 2000 - - p>0.05 "Alberta, Canada" 0 "Oxygen Limitation, Isolation" "Yurttas et al., 2005" 1 Species Anopheles sacharovi Diptera: Culicidae B CVA (63) Alt 773 - - - "Sanliurfa, southeastern Turkey" 0 "Developmental Temperature, Genetic, Insecticides" "Alexander and Bigelow, 1960" 1 Species Acheta veletis Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Ovipositor and body length Lat 12 - - - North Carolina; Ohio; Michigan; Quebec - Overwintering "Alexander and Bigelow, 1960" 1 Species Acheta pennsylvanicus Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Ovipositor and body length Lat 12 - - - North Carolina; Ohio; Michigan; Quebec - Overwintering "Alpatov, 1929" 1 Species Apis mellifera Hymenoptera: Apidae F Tongue length Lat 8 -0.076 - - Russia; Caucasus; Italy - none "Armbruster and Conn, 2006" 1 Species Aedes albopictus Diptera: Culicidae B Pupal mass mg Lat 14 - - - Florida; Texas; New Jersey 0 Genetic "Armbruster et al., 2001" 1 Species Wyeomyia smithii Diptera: Culicidae B Egg volume mm^3 Lat 19 - - p<0.01 Eastern North America: Florida to Ontario + Temperature "Arnett and Gotelli, 1999a" 1 Species Myrmeleon immaculatus Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae B Larval head width Lat 8.166666667 - 0.46 p<0.05 Central and East US + Photoperiod "Arnett and Gotelli, 1999a" 1 Species Myrmeleon immaculatus Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae M Adult head width Lat 8.166666667 - - p>0.05 Central and East US 0 Photoperiod "Arnett and Gotelli, 1999a" 1 Species Myrmeleon immaculatus Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae F Adult head width Lat 8.166666667 - 0.13 p>0.05 Central and East US 0 Photoperiod "Arnett and Gotelli, 2003" 1 Species Myrmeleon immaculatus Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae B Body mass mg Lat 12.2 - - p<0.001 Eastern US: Mississippi to New York + "Starvation Resistance, Cline in Resource Quality/Quantity/Size (Arnett and Gotelli, 1999b)" "Arthur et al., 2008" 1 Species Drosophila simulans Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing size mm Lat 17.21666667 0.003 0.81 p<0.005 Eastern Australia + R vs K Selection "Arthur et al., 2008" 1 Species Drosophila simulans Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wing size mm Lat 17.21666667 0.004 0.94 p<0.001 Eastern Australia + R vs K Selection "Ayres and Scriber, 1994" 1 Species Papilio canadensis Lepidoptera: Papilionidae B Pupal mass mg Lat 18.41666667 - - p<0.0001 "Alaska & Michigan, US" - Temperature "Ayres and Scriber, 1994" 1 Species Papilio canadensis Lepidoptera: Papilionidae F Forewing length mm Lat 18.41666667 - - - "Alaska & Michigan, US" - Temperature "Azvedo et al., 1996" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Egg size mm^3 Lat 30 0 - p<0.01 Australia + Temperature "Azvedo et al., 1996" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Egg size mm^3 Lat 41 0 - p<0.001 South America + Temperature "Azvedo et al., 1998" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing:thorax size ratio and wing-aspect ratio mm Lat 26 - - p<0.001 Eastern Australia + Genetic "Barlow, 1994" 1058 Superfamily (1058 Species) Papilionoidea Lepidoptera M Average wingspan Lat 40 - -0.22 p<0.01 Australian region - Taxonomic Differences "Barlow, 1994" 2605 Superfamily (2605 Species) Papilionoidea Lepidoptera M Average wingspan Lat 33 - -0.08 p<0.01 Afrotropical region - Taxonomic Differences "Bentz et al., 2001" 1 Species Dendroctonus ponderosae Coleoptera: Scolytidae B Pronotal width mm Lat 10.66666667 0.28 - p<0.001 Western North America - Genetic "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Body length mm Lat 22 - -0.86 p<0.001 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Body length mm Lat 22 - -0.77 p<0.001 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Femur length mm Lat 22 - -0.52 p>0.05 Argentina "0, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Tibia length mm Lat 22 - -0.26 p>0.05 Argentina "0, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Femur length mm Lat 22 - -0.79 p<0.01 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Tibia length mm Lat 22 - -0.64 p<0.001 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Tegmina length mm Lat 22 - -0.86 p<0.001 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Pronotum length mm Lat 22 - -0.82 p<0.001 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae M Pronotum height mm Lat 22 - -0.8 p<0.001 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Tegmina length mm Lat 22 - -0.69 p<0.01 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Pronotum length mm Lat 22 - -0.83 p<0.001 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae F Pronotum height mm Lat 22 - -0.88 p<0.001 Argentina "-, Hump-shaped" Development Time "Bidau and Mart’, 2007b" 1 Species Dichroplus vittatus Orthoptera: Acrididae M Body length mm Lat 20 - -0.89 p<0.001 Argentina - "Seasonality, Increased Body Size Variation" "Bidau and Mart’, 2007b" 1 Species Dichroplus vittatus Orthoptera: Acrididae F Body length mm Lat 20 - -0.84 p<0.001 Argentina - "Seasonality, Increased Body Size Variation" "Bidau and Mart’, 2007b" 1 Species Dichroplus vittatus Orthoptera: Acrididae B Body length mm Lat 20 - -0.66 p<0.005 Argentina - "Seasonality, Increased Body Size Variation" "Bidau and Mart’, 2008a" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae B "Proportions of femur, tibia, and tegmina length to body length" Lat 22.03333333 - - p<0.01 Argentina "+, Hump-shaped" "Seasonality, Allometric Growth" "Bidau and Mart’, 2008a" 1 Species Dichroplus vittatus Orthoptera: Acrididae B "Proportions of femur, tibia, and tegmina length to body length" Lat 19.63333333 - - p>0.05 Argentina 0 "Seasonality, Allometric Growth" "Bidau and Mart’, 2008b" 1 Species Dichroplus vittatus Orthoptera: Acrididae B "Body length, femur and tibia lengths, tegmina length, pronotum lengths and heights" Lat 19.63333333 - - - Argentina - Sexual Size Dimorphism "Bidau and Mart’, 2008b" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae B "Body length, femur and tibia lengths, tegmina length, pronotum lengths and heights" Lat 22.03333333 - - - Argentina - Sexual Size Dimorphism "Bidau and Mart’, 2008c" 1 Species Dichroplus pratensis Orthoptera: Acrididae B Body length and PCA (6) PC Lat 22.03 - -0.6 p<0.005 Argentina - Seasonality "Blanckenhorn and Demont, 2004" 1 Species Scathophaga stercoraria Diptera: Scatophagidae B Hind tibia length mm Lat 20 - - p<0.05 Switzerland; England; Sweden; Iceland + Development Time "Blanckenhorn and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae B Body length mm Lat 5 - - p<.001 Quebec; New York; New Jersey - "Voltinism, Photoperiod" "Blanckenhorn and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae F Mid-Femoral length mm Lat 5 - 0.32 p<0.001 Quebec; New York; New Jersey - "Voltinism, Photoperiod" "Bracewell, 2009" 1 Species Dendroctonus Ponderosae Coleoptera: Curculionidae B Pronotum width Lat 10.08333333 - - p<0.0001 Western US - Genetic "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae M Total length mm Lat 10.85 -0.233 -0.94 p<0.01 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae F Total length mm Lat 10.85 -0.33 -0.92 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae M PCA (8) PC Lat 10.85 -0.319 -0.94 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae F PCA (8) PC Lat 10.85 -0.322 -0.93 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae F Genital width mm Lat 10.85 - - p>0.05 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "0, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae M Head and thoracic length mm Lat 10.85 -0.178 -0.96 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae M Abdominal length mm Lat 10.85 -0.067 -0.75 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae M Abdominal width mm Lat 10.85 -0.063 -0.78 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae M Genital width mm Lat 10.85 -0.066 -0.88 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae M Mid-femoral length mm Lat 10.85 -0.559 -0.95 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae M Front femoral length mm Lat 10.85 -0.196 -0.95 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae M Front femoral width mm Lat 10.85 -0.014 -0.9 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae F Head and thoracic length mm Lat 10.85 -0.137 -0.94 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae F Abdominal length mm Lat 10.85 -0.094 -0.9 p<0.01 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae F Abdominal width mm Lat 10.85 -0.02 -0.58 p<0.05 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae F Mid-femoral length mm Lat 10.85 -0.438 -0.96 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae F Front femoral length mm Lat 10.85 -0.226 -0.96 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Brennan, 1993; Brennan and Fairbairn, 1995" 1 Species Aquarius remigis Hemiptera: Gerridae F Front femoral width mm Lat 10.85 -0.008 -0.84 p<0.005 "New York & Pennsylvania, US" "-, Sawtooth" "Genetics, Allopatric Species" "Bryant, 1977" 1 Species Musca domestica Diptera: Muscidae B PCA (13) PC Lat 17 - - - Across US + Mountains and Geography "Calboli et al., 2003" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing length mm Lat 19.5 0.002 - p<0.001 Europe + Genetic "Calboli et al., 2003" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing length mm Lat 15.2 0.002 - p<0.01 North America + Genetic "Calboli et al., 2003" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing length mm Lat 15.66 0.002 - p<0.01 Chile + Genetic "Calboli et al., 2003" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wing length mm Lat 19.5 0.003 - p<0.001 Europe + Genetic "Calboli et al., 2003" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wing length mm Lat 15.66 0.002 - p<0.05 Chile + Genetic "Calboli et al., 2003" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing length mm Lat - - 0.98 p<0.0001 Europe; North America; and South America + Genetic "Calboli et al., 2003" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wing length mm Lat 15.2 0 - p>0.05 North America 0 Genetic "Caldas et al., 1996" 1 Species Phaleria testacea Say Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae B "Elytra length, pronotal width, head width" mm Lat 5 - - - NE and E coast of Brazil 0 Local Conditions "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Fresh weight mg Lat 75 - 0.61 p<0.01 Southern Africa to Europe + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Fresh weight mg Lat 50 - 0.82 p<0.01 Guyana to Canada + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Fresh weight mg Lat 75 - 0.59 p<0.01 Europe; Africa; Pacific Islands; North America + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila simulans Diptera: Drosophilidae B Fresh weight mg Lat 75 - 0.39 p<0.05 Europe; Africa; Pacific Islands; North America + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila simulans Diptera: Drosophilidae B Fresh weight mg Lat 75 - 0.31 p>0.05 Southern Africa to Europe 0 R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Lat 75 - 0.6 p<0.01 Southern Africa to Europe + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing length mm Lat 75 - 0.47 p<0.01 Southern Africa to Europe + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Lat 50 - 0.79 p<0.01 Guyana to Canada + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing length mm Lat 50 - 0.85 p<0.01 Guyana to Canada + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Lat 75 - 0.6 p<0.01 Europe; Africa; Pacific Islands; North America + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing length mm Lat 75 - 0.61 p<0.01 Europe; Africa; Pacific Islands; North America + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila simulans Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Lat 75 - 0.48 p<0.05 Europe; Africa; Pacific Islands; North America + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila simulans Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing length mm Lat 75 - 0.31 p<0.05 Europe; Africa; Pacific Islands; North America + R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila simulans Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Lat 75 - 0.44 p>0.05 Southern Africa to Europe 0 R vs K Selection "Capy et al., 1993" 1 Species Drosophila simulans Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing length mm Lat 75 - 0.15 p>0.05 Southern Africa to Europe 0 R vs K Selection "Collinge et al., 2006" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing area mm Lat 19.36666667 - ±0.22 p<0.005 Eastern Australia + "Coyne and Beecham, 1987" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wing length mm Lat 19.08333333 - 0.64 p<0.05 Eastern US + Genetic "Cushman et al., 1993" 36 Subfamily (36 subspecies) Formicinae Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Worker length mm Lat 20 0.075 - p<0.05 Ireland & Great Britain + "Heat Conservation, Phylogenetic History, Vagility, Starvation Resistance" "Cushman et al., 1993" 62 Subfamily (62 subpecies) "Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Dolichoderinae" Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Worker length mm Lat 20 0.063 - p<0.01 Ireland & Great Britain + "Heat Conservation, Phylogenetic History, Vagility, Starvation Resistance" "Cushman et al., 1993" 23 Subfamily (23 subspecies) Myrmicinae Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Worker length mm Lat 20 0.022 - p>0.05 Ireland & Great Britain 0 "Heat Conservation, Phylogenetic History, Vagility, Starvation Resistance" "Dahlgaard et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila buzzatii Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing length mm Lat 4.9 - - p<0.05 Argentina - Altitude Predominates "Dahlgaard et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila buzzatii Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Lat 4.9 - - p>0.05 Argentina 0 Altitude Predominates "Daly et al., 1991" 1 Species Apis mellifera Hymenoptera: Apidae F PCA (25) PC Lat 8 - - - California + Genetic "David and Bocquet, 1975" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae F Weight mm*10^2 Lat 44 0.503 0.93 - America; Europe; Africa + none "David and Bocquet, 1975" 1 Species Drosophila simulans Diptera: Drosophilidae F Weight mm*10^2 Lat 44 0.315 0.69 - America; Europe; Africa + none "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae F Body weight mg Lat 23 - 0.75 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae M Body weight mg Lat 23 - 0.86 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae F Interocular distance mm Lat 23 - 0.85 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae F Left wing length mm Lat 23 - 0.73 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae F Right wing length mm Lat 23 - 0.78 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae F Ovipositor length mm Lat 23 - 0.7 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae M Interocular distance mm Lat 23 - 0.87 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae M Left wing length mm Lat 23 - 0.77 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" "de Oliveira et al., 2004" 1 Species Dalbulus maidis Hemiptera: Cicadellidae M Right wing length mm Lat 23 - 0.78 p<0.0001 Brazil + "Temperature, Genetic" Dingle et al. 1980 4 Genus (4 species) "Oncopeltus cingulifer, fasciatus, sandarachatus, unifasciatellus" Hemiptera: Lygaeidae M Wing length mm Lat 27 - - p<0.001 Carribean; Mexico; USA 0 Voltinism Dingle et al. 1980 4 Genus (4 species) "Oncopeltus cingulifer, fasciatus, sandarachatus, unifasciatellus" Hemiptera: Lygaeidae F Wing length mm Lat 27 - - p<0.001 Carribean; Mexico; USA 0 Voltinism "Diniz-Filho and Fowler, 1998" 27 Genus (27 species) Myrmecocystus sp. Hymenoptera: Formicidae F PCA (5) PC Lat - 0.065 0.58 p>0.05 United States and Mexico 0 "Elmes et al., 1999" 1 Species Myrmica rubra Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Body mass mg Lat 12.75 - - p>0.05 Europe 0 Development Time "Geraghty et al., 2007" 36 Family (36 species) Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Body size mm Lat 25.62 - ±0.17 p>0.05 "Great Smokey Mountains National Park, USA" 0 "Geraghty et al., 2007" 36 Family (36 species) Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Colony size # Lat 25.62 - ±0.07 p>0.05 "Great Smokey Mountains National Park, USA" 0 "Gilchrist et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae F PCA (3) (wing sizes) PC Lat 15.01666667 0.004 0.35 p<0.001 North America; Europe + Genetic "Gilchrist et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae M PCA (3) (wing sizes) PC Lat 19.33333333 0.005 0.4 p<0.001 Europe + Genetic "Gilchrist et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae F PCA (3) (wing sizes) PC Lat 19.33333333 0.004 0.31 p<0.001 Europe + Genetic "Gilchrist et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae M PCA (3) (wing sizes) PC Lat 15.01666667 0.002 0.16 p>0.05 North America; Europe 0 Genetic "Gilchrist et al., 2004" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae F PCA (3) (wing sizes) PC Lat 15.66666667 0.006 - p<0.01 Chile + Genetic "Gilchrist et al., 2004" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae M PCA (3) (wing sizes) PC Lat 15.66666667 0.004 - p>0.05 Chile 0 Genetic "Groeters and Shaw, 1996" 1 Species Caledia captiva Orthoptera: Acrididae B Hatchling femur length mm Lat 22.41666667 - - p>0.05 East Coast Australia "0, Sawtooth" "Voltinism, Development Time, Genetics" "Groeters and Shaw, 1996" 1 Species Caledia captiva Orthoptera: Acrididae B Pronotum length (females) mm Lat 22.41666667 - - p>0.05 East Coast Australia "0, Sawtooth" "Voltinism, Development Time, Genetics" "Groeters and Shaw, 1996" 1 Species Caledia captiva Orthoptera: Acrididae B Hatchling femur length mm Lat 11.35 - 0.69 (cubic) p<0.01 SE Coast Australia (Moreton) "+, Sawtooth" "Voltinism, Development Time, Genetics" "Groeters and Shaw, 1996" 1 Species Caledia captiva Orthoptera: Acrididae F Pronotum length (females) mm Lat 11.35 - - p<0.05 SE Coast Australia (Moreton) + "Voltinism, Development Time, Genetics" "Groeters and Shaw, 1996" 1 Species Caledia captiva Orthoptera: Acrididae F Pronotum length (females) mm Lat 11.06666667 - - p<0.05 NE Coast Australia (Torresian) - "Voltinism, Development Time, Genetics" "Groeters and Shaw, 1996" 1 Species Caledia captiva Orthoptera: Acrididae B Hatchling femur length mm Lat 11.35 - - p>0.05 NE Coast Australia (Torresian) 0 "Voltinism, Development Time, Genetics" "Groeters and Shaw, 1996" 1 Species Caledia captiva Orthoptera: Acrididae M Pronotum length (males) mm Lat 11.35 -0.003 - p>0.05 SE Coast Australia (Moreton) 0 "Voltinism, Development Time, Genetics" "Groeters and Shaw, 1996" 1 Species Caledia captiva Orthoptera: Acrididae M Pronotum length (males) mm Lat 11.06666667 -0.02 - p>0.05 NE Coast Australia (Torresian) 0 "Voltinism, Development Time, Genetics" "Hallas et al., 2002" 1 Species Drosophila serrata Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wet weight *10^-4 mg Lat 17.38333333 1.121 - p<0.001 East Coast Australia + Chill Coma Recovery Time "Hallas et al., 2002" 1 Species Drosophila serrata Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wet weight *10^-4 mg Lat 17.38333333 0.788 - p<0.001 East Coast Australia + Chill Coma Recovery Time "Hallas et al., 2002" 1 Species Drosophila serrata Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing length mm Lat 17.38333333 0.114 - p<0.001 East Coast Australia + Chill Coma Recovery Time "Hallas et al., 2002" 1 Species Drosophila serrata Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wing length mm Lat 17.38333333 0.069 - p<0.001 East Coast Australia + Chill Coma Recovery Time "Harvey, 1983" 1 Species Choristoneura fumiferana Lepidoptera: Tortricidae B Egg weight mg Lat 20.6 0.002 0.96 p<0.01 Canada + Heat Conservation "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Pieridae M Male forewing length mm Lat 36 0.003 0.33 p<0.05 Europe + Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Pieridae M Male forewing length mm Lat 26 - - p>0.05 Australia 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Pieridae M Male forewing length mm Lat 46 - - p>0.05 North America 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Pieridae M Male forewing length mm Lat 51 - - p>0.05 Southern Afrotropics 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Papilionidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 46 -0.005 -0.61 p<0.01 North America - Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Papilionidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 26 - - p>0.05 Australia 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Papilionidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 36 - - p>0.05 Europe 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Papilionidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 51 - - p>0.05 Southern Afrotropics 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 26 -0.007 -0.37 p<0.001 Australia - Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 51 -0.003 -0.26 p<0.001 Southern Afrotropics - Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 36 - - p>0.05 Europe 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 46 - - p>0.05 North America 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 36 0.003 0.29 p<0.01 Europe + Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 46 0.002 0.24 p<0.05 North America + Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 26 - - p>0.05 Australia 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 51 - - p>0.05 Southern Afrotropics 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 46 -0.007 -0.26 p<0.001 North America - Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 26 - - p>0.05 Australia 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Family Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae M Male forewing length mm Lat 36 - - p>0.05 Europe 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Order (5 families) "Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae" Lepidoptera M Male forewing length mm Lat 36 - 0.11 p<0.05 Europe + Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Order (5 families) "Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae" Lepidoptera M Male forewing length mm Lat 26 - -0.23 p<0.01 Australia - Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Order (5 families) "Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae" Lepidoptera M Male forewing length mm Lat 51 - -0.2 p<0.001 Southern Afrotropics - Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Order (5 families) "Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae" Lepidoptera M Male forewing length mm Lat 46 - 0.04 p>0.05 North America 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins and Lawton, 1995" Order (5 families) "Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae" Lepidoptera M Male forewing length mm Lat 46 - ±0.032 p>0.05 Northern Afrotropics 0 Phylogenetic History "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Xylocopidae F Body length mm Lat 17.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Xylocopidae F Mean Body length mm Lat 17.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Melitidae F Mean Body length mm Lat 12.5 -0.179 -0.83 p<0.005 Eastern US - none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Melitidae F Body length mm Lat 12.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Megachilidae F Body length mm Lat 17.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Megachilidae F Mean Body length mm Lat 17.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Halictidae F Body length mm Lat 17.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Halictidae F Mean Body length mm Lat 17.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Colletidae F Body length mm Lat 17.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Colletidae F Mean Body length mm Lat 17.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Apidae F Body length mm Lat 17.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Apidae F Mean Body length mm Lat 17.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae F Mean Body length mm Lat 17.5 -0.07 -0.39 p<0.05 Eastern US - none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae F Body length mm Lat 17.5 - - p>0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Andrenidae F Body length mm Lat 17.5 0.011 0.58 p<0.0001 Eastern US + none "Hawkins, 1995" Family Hymenoptera: Andrenidae F Mean Body length mm Lat 17.5 0.121 0.74 p<0.0001 Eastern US + none "Hawkins, 1995" 755 Order (755 species) "8 families of ""Bees""" Hymenoptera F Body length mm Lat 17.5 - ±0.18 p<0.05 Eastern US 0 none "Heinze et al., 1998" 1 Species Leptothorax acervorum Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Head width mm Lat 17.05 - - p<0.0001 Russia & Germany + Heat Conservation "Heinze et al., 1998" 1 Species Leptothorax acervorum Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Weber's thorax length mm Lat 17.05 - - p<0.0001 Russia & Germany + Heat Conservation "Heinze et al., 2003" 1 Species Leptothorax acervorum Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Mean worker thorax length mm Lat 17.3 - 0.93 p<0.001 Holarctic: Polar Circle to Central Europe + Starvation Resistance "Hemmingsen and Jensen, 1957" 1 Species Tipula arctica Diptera: Tipulidae B Body length mm Lat 21.26666667 - - - Greenland - none "Ho et al., 2010" 1 Species Orchelimum fidicinium Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae M Tibia length mm Lat 11 - -0.73 p<0.0001 "Atlantic Coast, US" - Cline in Resource Quality/Quantity/Size "Ho et al., 2010" 1 Species Orchelimum fidicinium Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae F Tibia length mm Lat 11 - -0.69 p<0.0001 "Atlantic Coast, US" - Cline in Resource Quality/Quantity/Size "Ho et al., 2010" 1 Species Prokelisia marginata Hemiptera: Delphacidae M Body length mm Lat 12 - 0.67 p<0.001 "Atlantic Coast, US" + Cline in Resource Quality/Quantity/Size "Ho et al., 2010" 1 Species Prokelisia marginata Hemiptera: Delphacidae F Body length mm Lat 12 - 0.62 p<0.001 "Atlantic Coast, US" + Cline in Resource Quality/Quantity/Size "Hoffmann et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Lat 27.3 - - p<0.01 "Tasmania & Northern Queensland, Australia" + none Holma 2009 1 Species Metrioptera roeselii Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae M "Femur,wing, thorax, cerci and body length; femur, head, and thorax width; weight" Lat 11.08 - - p<0.05 "Scandinavia, isolated populations" + Genetic Holma 2009 1 Species Metrioptera roeselii Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae M "Tibia, femur,wing, thorax, cerci and body length; femur, head, and thorax width; weight" Lat 11.28 - - p>0.05 "Scandinavia, continuous populations" 0 Genetic Holma 2009 1 Species Metrioptera roeselii Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae M Tibia length Lat 11.08 - - p<0.05 "Scandinavia, isolated populations" 0 Genetic Holma 2009 1 Species Metrioptera roeselii Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae F "Tibia, femur,wing, thorax, cerci and body length; femur, head, and thorax width; weight" Lat 11.28 - - p>0.05 "Scandinavia, continuous populations" 0 Genetic Holma 2009 1 Species Metrioptera roeselii Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae F "Tibia, femur,wing, thorax, cerci and body length; femur, head, and thorax width; weight" Lat 11.08 - - p>0.05 "Scandinavia, isolated populations" 0 Genetic "Hu et al., 2011" 1 Species Eupolyphaga sinensis Blattodea: Polyphagidae M Pronotum Width mm Lat 7.6 - - p>0.05 China "0, U-shaped" Thermoregulation "Hu et al., 2011" 1 Species Eupolyphaga sinensis Blattodea: Polyphagidae F Pronotum Width mm Lat 7.6 - - p<0.01 China "+, U-shaped" Thermoregulation "Huey et al., 2000" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wing length mm Lat 15.2 0.001 0.14 p<0.05 Western North America + Genetics "Huey et al., 2000" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing length mm Lat 15.2 0.002 0.37 p<0.001 Western North America + Genetics "Huey et al., 2000" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wing length mm Lat 19.6 0.002 0.33 p<0.001 Europe + Genetics "Huey et al., 2000" 1 Species Drosophila subobscura Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing length mm Lat 19.6 0.002 0.27 p<0.001 Europe + Genetics "Imasheva et al., 1994" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing length mm Lat 20.33333333 0.782 0.71 p<0.01 Eastern Europe; Caucasus; Central Asia + none "James et al., 1995" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae F Thorax length mm Lat 25.78 0.001 - p<0.001 Australia + Genetic "James et al., 1995" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae M Thorax length mm Lat 25.78 0.001 - p<0.001 Australia + Genetic "James et al., 1995" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing area mm^2 Lat 25.78 0.013 0.8 p<0.001 Australia + Genetic "James et al., 1995" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing area mm^2 Lat 25.78 0.01 0.79 p<0.001 Australia + Genetic "James et al., 1995" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing cell area mm^2 Lat 25.78 0.227 - p<0.01 Australia + Genetic "James et al., 1995" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing cell area mm^2 Lat 25.78 0.2 - p<0.01 Australia + Genetic "James et al., 1995" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing cell number # Lat 25.78 0.061 - p<0.001 Australia + Genetic "James et al., 1995" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing cell number # Lat 25.78 0.048 - p<0.001 Australia + Genetic "James et al., 1997" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Lat 23.4 - - p<0.001 Eastern Australia + "Temperature, Nutrition" "James et al., 1997" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing area mm^2 Lat 23.4 - - p<0.001 Eastern Australia + "Temperature, Nutrition" "James et al., 1997" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Cell area mm^2 Lat 23.4 - - p<0.001 Eastern Australia + "Temperature, Nutrition" "James et al., 1997" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Cell number # Lat 23.4 - - p<0.001 Eastern Australia + "Temperature, Nutrition" "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Head width mm Lat 6 - - p<0.05 Southeastern US - none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Thorax length mm Lat 6 - - p<0.05 Southeastern US - none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Head width mm Lat 6 - - p<0.05 Southeastern US - none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Mirror area mm Lat 6 - - p<0.005 Southeastern US - none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Head width mm Lat 6 - - p<0.01 Southeastern US - none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Thorax Length mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Hind femur length mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Harp area mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Mirror area mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Head width mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Hind femur length mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus fultoni Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Ovipositor length mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Thorax Length mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Hind femur length mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Harp area mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Thorax length mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Hind femur length mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Jang et al., 2009" 1 Species Gryllus vernalis Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Ovipositor length mm Lat 6 - - p>0.05 Southeastern US 0 none "Johansson, 2003" 1 Species Enallagma cyathigerum Odonata: Coenagrionidae M PCA (3) PC Lat 27.85 -0.79 - p<0.05 Europe "0, U-shaped" "Seasonality, Development Time" "Johansson, 2003" 1 Species Enallagma cyathigerum Odonata: Coenagrionidae F PCA (3) PC Lat 27.85 -0.69 - p<0.05 Europe "0, U-shaped" "Seasonality, Development Time" "Johnson 1998 (cited in Johnson, 2001)" Genus Pogonomyrmex sp. Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Dry Mass Lat - - - - Southwestern US - Dessication Stress "Karan et al., 1998" 1 Species Drosophila kikkawai Diptera: Drosophilidae F Body weight mg Lat 24.5 0.02 0.95 p<0.001 India; Sri Lanka + Temperature "Karan et al., 1998" 1 Species Drosophila kikkawai Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing length mm Lat 24.5 1.868 0.97 p<0.001 India; Sri Lanka + Temperature "Karan et al., 1998" 1 Species Drosophila kikkawai Diptera: Drosophilidae F Thorax length mm Lat 24.5 0.426 0.88 p<0.001 India; Sri Lanka + Temperature "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae F Body weight mg Lat 21.05 1.257 - p<0.001 India + "Temperature, Genetics" "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae M Body weight mg Lat 21.05 1.976 - p<0.001 India + "Temperature, Genetics" "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing length mm Lat 21.05 0.6763 - p<0.001 India + "Temperature, Genetics" "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae F Thorax length mm Lat 21.05 0.141 - p>0.05 India 0 "Temperature, Genetics" "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wing length mm Lat 21.05 0.332 - p>0.05 India 0 "Temperature, Genetics" "Karan et al., 2000" 1 Species Zaprionus indianus Diptera: Drosophilidae M Thorax length mm Lat 21.05 0.046 - p>0.05 India 0 "Temperature, Genetics" "Kaspari and Vargo, 1995" 32 Genus (32 species) Pheidole sp. Hymenoptera: Formicidae B Colony size # Lat - - - p<0.0001 World (tropical vs temperate) + "Seasonality, Starvation Resistance" "Kaspari and Vargo, 1995" 166 Subfamily (166 species) Myrmicinae Hymenoptera: Formicidae B Colony size # Lat - - - p<0.001 World (tropical vs temperate) + "Seasonality, Starvation Resistance" "Kaspari and Vargo, 1995" 35 Subfamily (35 species) Formicinae Hymenoptera: Formicidae B Colony size # Lat - - - p<0.0001 World (tropical vs temperate) + "Seasonality, Starvation Resistance" "Kaspari and Vargo, 1995" 278 Family (278 species) Hymenoptera: Formicidae B Colony size # Lat - - - p<0.0001 World (tropical vs temperate) + "Seasonality, Starvation Resistance" "Kaspari and Vargo, 1995" 58 Subfamily (58 species) Ponerinae Hymenoptera: Formicidae B Colony size # Lat - - - p>0.05 World (tropical vs temperate) 0 "Seasonality, Starvation Resistance" "Kaspari, 2005" 434 Family (434 species) Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Worker mass mg Lat - - - <0.001 New World + Temperature "King, 2010" 35 Family (35 species) Hymenoptera: Formicidae F "Worker dry body mass, colony size" Lat 3.3 - - - "North and Central Florida, US" + Starvation Resistance "KivelŠ et al., 2011" 1 Species Cabera exanthemata Lepidoptera: Geometridae B Pupal Mass mg Lat 7.916666667 12.8 - p<.05 Finland "-, Sawtooth" "Voltinism, Seasonality" "KivelŠ et al., 2011" 1 Species Cabera pusaria Lepidoptera: Geometridae B Pupal Mass mg Lat 7.566666667 188 - p<0.01 Finland "-, Sawtooth" "Voltinism, Seasonality" "KivelŠ et al., 2011" 1 Species Cabera exanthemata Lepidoptera: Geometridae B Midfemur length mm Lat 7.916666667 0.158 - p>0.05 Finland "0, Sawtooth" "Voltinism, Seasonality" "KivelŠ et al., 2011" 1 Species Cabera pusaria Lepidoptera: Geometridae B Midfemur length mm Lat 7.566666667 3.94 - p<0.0001 Finland "-, Sawtooth" "Voltinism, Seasonality" "KivelŠ et al., 2011" 1 Species Chiasmia clathrata Lepidoptera: Geometridae B Pupal Mass mg Lat 6.333333333 - - p>0.05 Finland 0 "Voltinism, Seasonality" "KivelŠ et al., 2011" 1 Species Lomaspilis marginata Lepidoptera: Geometridae B Pupal Mass mg Lat 6.5 - - p>0.05 Finland 0 "Voltinism, Seasonality" "KivelŠ et al., 2011" 1 Species Lomaspilis marginata Lepidoptera: Geometridae B Midfemur length mm Lat 6.5 0.002 - p<0.005 Finland - "Voltinism, Seasonality" "KivelŠ et al., 2011" 1 Species Chiasmia clathrata Lepidoptera: Geometridae B Midfemur length mm Lat 6.333333333 - - p>0.05 Finland 0 "Voltinism, Seasonality" "Krummbiegel, 1936 (cited in Blanckenhorn and Demont, 2004)" 1 Species Carabus nemoralis Coleoptera: Carabidae - Elytra length Lat - - - - Central Europe - none "Loeschcke et al., 2000" 1 Species Drosophila buzzatii Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Lat 4.916666667 - - p<0.05 "Queensland, Australia" "0, Sawtooth" none "Loeschcke et al., 2000" 1 Species Drosophila buzzatii Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing area mm^2 Lat 4.916666667 - - p<0.05 "Queensland, Australia" "0, Sawtooth" none "Loeschcke et al., 2000" 1 Species Drosophila aldrichi Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing area mm^2 Lat 4.916666667 - - p<0.001 "Queensland, Australia" + none "Loeschcke et al., 2000" 1 Species Drosophila aldrichi Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Lat 4.916666667 - - p<0.001 "Queensland, Australia" - none "Marcondes et al., 1999" 1 Species Lutzomyia intermedia Diptera: Psychodidae B 39 Characters Lat 3.366666667 - - p<0.05 Brazil-Low Altitude + Altitude Predominates "Marcondes et al., 1999" 1 Species Lutzomyia intermedia Diptera: Psychodidae B 39 Characters Lat 1.916666667 - - p<0.05 Brazil-High Altitude - Altitude Predominates "Masaki, 1966 (cited in Masaki, 1983)" 1 Species Teleogryllus yezoemma Orthoptera: Gryllidae - Adult length mm Lat - - - - Japan - Voltinism "Masaki, 1967" 1 Species Teleogryllus yezoemma Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Head width mm Lat 9 -1.88 - - Japan - Genetic "Masaki, 1967" 1 Species Teleogryllus yezoemma Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Head width mm Lat 9 -1.74 - - Japan - Genetic "Masaki, 1967" 1 Species Teleogryllus emma Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Head width mm Lat 12.91666667 -1.87 - p<0.01 Japan - Genetic "Masaki, 1967" 1 Species Teleogryllus emma Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Head width mm Lat 12.91666667 -1.63 - p<0.01 Japan - Genetic "Masaki, 1967" 1 Species Phyllotreta striolata Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae B Elytron length mm Lat 22 - - - Japan + none "Masaki, 1972" 1 Species Pteronemobius fascipes Orthoptera: Gryllidae B Head width mm Lat 16 - - - Japan "+, Stepwise" "Voltinism, Development Time" "Masaki, 1978" 1 Species Pteronemobius taprobanensis Orthoptera: Gryllidae M Head width mm Lat 20 - - p<0.01 Japanese Islands "+, Sawtooth" "Photoperiod, Genetic, Voltinism" "Masaki, 1978" 1 Species Pteronemobius taprobanensis Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Head width mm Lat 20 - - p<0.01 Japanese Islands "+, Sawtooth" "Photoperiod, Genetic, Voltinism" "Masaki, 1979" 1 Species Pteronemobius taprobanensis Orthoptera: Gryllidae F Ovipositor length mm Lat 16 1.17 0.84 p<0.01 Japan "+, Stepwise" Voltinism "Minards, 2011" 1 Species Hemideina thoracica Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae B Tibia length mm Lat 6 - - p<0.001 New Zealand + Thermoregulation "Minards, 2011" 1 Species Hemideina crassidens Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae B Tibia length mm Lat 4 - - p>0.05 New Zealand 0 Thermoregulation "Molet et al, 2008" 4 Genus (4 species) Rhytidoponera impressa group Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Worker Dry Weight mg Lat 20.1 -0.05 -0.91 p<0.01 East Coast Australia - R vs K Selection "Molet et al, 2008" 4 Genus (4 species) Rhytidoponera impressa group Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Gyne Dry Weight mg Lat 20.1 - ±0.28 p>0.05 East Coast Australia 0 R vs K Selection "Mousseau and Roff, 1989" 1 Species Allonemobius fasciatus Orthoptera: Gryllidae B Femur length mm Lat 13.7 - - p<0.0001 Quebec; Virginia; North & South Carolina; Georgia "+, Sawtooth" "Voltinism, Seasonality" "Norry et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila buzzatii Diptera: Drosophilidae B Thorax length mm Lat 5.18 - - p<0.0005 NW Argentina + Altitude Predominates "Norry et al., 2001" 1 Species Drosophila buzzatii Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing length mm Lat 5.18 - - p<0.05 NW Argentina - Altitude Predominates "Nygren et al., 2008" 1 Species Polyommatus icarus Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae B Pupal mass mg Lat 6 - - p<0.001 Sweden "-, U-shaped" "Voltinism, Genetic" "Nygren et al., 2008" 1 Species Polyommatus icarus Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae B Wing length mm Lat 10 - - - Sweden "0, Sawtooth" "Voltinism, Genetic" "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Coenonympha pamphilus Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.026 -0.14 p>0.05 Sweden "0, Sawtooth" Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Pararge aegeria Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.042 0 p>0.05 Sweden "0, Sawtooth" Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Coenonympha pamphilus Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.35 -0.2 p<0.01 Sweden "-, Sawtooth" Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Pararge aegeria Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.174 -0.42 p<0.001 Sweden "-, Sawtooth" Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Aphantopus hyperantus Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.214 -0.46 p<0.001 Sweden - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Coenonympha arcania Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.352 -0.52 p<0.001 Sweden - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Coenonympha hero Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.291 -0.72 p<0.001 Sweden - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Coenonympha hero Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.148 -0.39 p<0.05 Sweden - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Coenonympha tullia Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.194 -0.54 p<0.001 Sweden - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Coenonympha tullia Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.307 -0.63 p<0.001 Sweden - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Erebia ligea Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.21 -0.58 p<0.001 Sweden - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Erebia ligea Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.179 -0.53 p<0.001 Sweden - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Lasiommata maera Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.227 -0.48 p<0.001 Sweden - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Lasiommata maera Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.362 -0.46 p<0.001 Sweden - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Aphantopus hyperantus Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.155 -0.35 p>0.05 Sweden 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Coenonympha arcania Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.161 -0.26 p>0.05 Sweden 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Hipparchia semele Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.088 -0.1 p>0.05 Sweden 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Hipparchia semele Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.04 0 p>0.05 Sweden 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Lasiommata megera Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.221 -0.22 p>0.05 Sweden 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Lasiommata megera Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.3 -0.41 p>0.05 Sweden 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Lasiommata petropolitana Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.051 0.17 p>0.05 Sweden 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Lasiommata petropolitana Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.044 0.17 p>0.05 Sweden 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Maniola jurtina Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.185 -0.17 p>0.05 Sweden 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Maniola jurtina Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 0.073 0 p>0.05 Sweden 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Lycaena phlaeas Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.021 -0.1 p>0.05 Sweden and Continental Europe "0, Sawtooth" Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Lycaena phlaeas Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 0.053 0.2 p>0.05 Sweden and Continental Europe "0, Sawtooth" Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Heodes virgaureae Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.188 -0.63 p<0.001 Sweden and Continental Europe - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Heodes virgaureae Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.122 -0.4 p<0.001 Sweden and Continental Europe - Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Lycaena helle Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.054 -0.22 p>0.05 Sweden and Continental Europe 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Lycaena helle Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.025 -0.1 p>0.05 Sweden and Continental Europe 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Palaeochrysophanus hippothoe Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae M Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.038 -0.17 p>0.05 Sweden and Continental Europe 0 Voltinism "Nylin and SvŠrd, 1991" 1 Species Palaeochrysophanus hippothoe Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae F Forewing length mm Lat 14.5 -0.047 -0.17 p>0.05 Sweden and Continental Europe 0 Voltinism "Park, 1949" 1 Species Dicaelus purpuratus Coleoptera: Carabidae B Dorsal area mm^2 Lat 13.5 - - - Eastern US - none "Parry et al., 2001" 1 Species Malacosoma disstria Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae B Mean pupal mass mg Lat 27 - - p>0.05 Louisiana; Alabama; Alberta; British Columbia 0 Temperature "Parry et al., 2001" 1 Species Malacosoma disstria Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae B Egg weight mg Lat 27 - - p<0.001 Louisiana; Michigan; Manitoba + Temperature "Parsons, 2011" 1 Species Melanoplus femurrubrum Orthoptera: Acrididae M Hind Femur Length mm Lat 17.02996667 - - p<0.0001 Central USA - "Thermoregulation, Food Quality" "Parsons, 2011" 1 Species Melanoplus femurrubrum Orthoptera: Acrididae F Hind Femur Length mm Lat 17.02996667 - - p<0.0001 Central USA - "Thermoregulation, Food Quality" "Porter and Hawkins, 2001" 87 Epifamily (87 Species) Termites Blattodea: Termitoidae B Colony size Lat 72 - ±0.17 p>0.05 World (tropical vs temperate) 0 "Quarles et al., 2005" 1 Species Solenopsis invicta Hymenoptera: Formicidae F Head capsule width Lat 7.181 - - p>0.05 "Texas, US" 0 "Radtke et al., 2010" 114 Family (114 species) Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae B Volume mm^3 Lat 32.05 - - p<0.0001 "Brazil; Ecuador; Mississippi & Louisiana, US" + "Developmental Time, Starvation Resistance" "Remis, 2008" 1 Species Sinipta dalmani Orthoptera: Acrididae B "Total, femur, tibia, tegmina, and thorax lengths." Lat 5.333333333 - - p<0.0001 Argentina - Genetic "Rogers and Randolph, 1991" 1 Species Glossina palpalis Diptera: Glossinidae B Wing cell size Lat 40 - - - West Africa - Temperature "Rust, 2006" 1 Species Nomia melanderi Hymenoptera: Halictidae M Prepupal weight mg Lat 7.3 3.6 0.49 p<0.0001 Western US + "Starvation Resistance, Development Time" "Rust, 2006" 1 Species Nomia melanderi Hymenoptera: Halictidae F Prepupal weight mg Lat 7.3 3 0.42 p<0.0001 Western US + "Starvation Resistance, Development Time" "Rust, 2006" 1 Species Nomia melanderi Hymenoptera: Halictidae M Adult weight mg Lat 7.3 2 0.33 p<0.001 Western US + "Starvation Resistance, Development Time" "Rust, 2006" 1 Species Nomia melanderi Hymenoptera: Halictidae F Adult weight mg Lat 7.3 1.5 0.3 p<0.001 Western US + "Starvation Resistance, Development Time" "Scharf et al., 2009" 1 Species Myrmeleon hyalinus Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae B PCA (7) PC Lat 1.8922 0.068 0.3 p<0.001 Israel + "Temperature, Dessication Stress" "Schutze and Clarke, 2008" 1 Species Paropsis atomaria Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae M Pronotum width mm Lat 10.81666667 - 0.36 p<0.0001 East Coast Australia - Seasonality "Schutze and Clarke, 2008" 1 Species Paropsis atomaria Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae F Pronotum width mm Lat 10.81666667 - -0.11 p>0.05 East Coast Australia 0 Seasonality "Schutze, 2008" 1 Species Paropsis atomari Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae M Pronotum width mm Lat 18.45 - -0.36 p<0.0001 East Coast Australia - Seasonality "Schutze, 2008" 1 Species Paropsis atomari Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae F Pronotum width mm Lat 18.45 - -0.11 p>0.05 East Coast Australia 0 Seasonality "Sokal and Rinkel, 1963 (cited in Blanckenhorn and Demont, 2004)" 1 Species Pemphigus populitransversus Hemiptera: Aphididae - Wing length mm Lat - - - - North America + none "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus albrechti Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 12 0.264 - p<0.05 Japan + Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus lewisianus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 1 1.359 - p<0.001 Japan + Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus insulicola Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 7 -0.49 - p<0.001 Japan - Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus tosanus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 2 -3.959 - p<0.05 Japan - Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus arrowianus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 3 -2.66 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus daisen Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 1 -0.492 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus dehaanii Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 5 -0.451 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus esakii Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 2 1.34 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus iwawakianus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 2 0.833 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus japonicus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 6 -0.267 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus maiyasanus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 3 -0.535 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus yaconinus Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 4 -0.133 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Sota et al., 2000" 1 Species Carabus yamato Coleoptera: Carabidae F Body length mm Lat 3 -0.166 - p>0.05 Japan 0 Interspecific Interactions "Stalker and Carson, 1948" 1 Species Drosophila robusta Diptera: Drosophilidae F "Thorax length, femur length, wing width" Lat 0.260869565 - - p>0.05 "Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA" "0, Sawtooth" Genetic "Stalker and Carson, 1948" 1 Species Drosophila robusta Diptera: Drosophilidae F Head width Lat 0.260869565 - - p<0.05 "Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA" "+, Sawtooth" Genetic "Stalker and Carson, 1948" 1 Species Drosophila robusta Diptera: Drosophilidae F Wing length Lat 0.260869565 - - p<0.05 "Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA" "-, Sawtooth" Genetic "Steele et al., 1998" 1 Species Apis mellifera scutellata Hymenoptera: Apidae F "Extended proboscis length, wax plate length and width" mm Lat 8.8 - - - South Africa - Temperature "Steele et al., 1998" 1 Species Apis mellifera capensis Hymenoptera: Apidae F "Extended proboscis length, wax plate length and width" mm Lat 2.25 - - - South Africa - Temperature "Stillwell et al., 2007" 1 Species Stator limbatus Coleoptera: Bruchidae B PCA (2) (Elytron length and width) PC Lat 38 0.05 0.42 p<0.0001 Central America + "Cline in Resource Quality/Quantity/Size, Humidity, Seasonality" "Telfer and Hassall, 1999" 1 Species Chorthippus brunneus Orthoptera: Acrididae B Adult weight & hind femur length Lat 6 - - - British Isles - Genetic "Toju and Sota, 2006" 1 Species Curculio camelliae Coleoptera: Curculionidae F Rostrum length log10mm Lat 4.909 0.047 - p<0.001 Japan - Cline in Resource Quality/Quantity/Size "Traynor and Mayhew, 2005" 474 Order (474 species) Parasitoids Hymenoptera - Body length mm Lat - - - <0.005 Global + Cline in Resource Quality/Quantity/Size "Vamosi et al., 2007" 132 Family (132 species) Coleoptera: Dytiscidae B Total length Lat 4.75 - - p<0.05 "Alberta, Canada" + "Oxygen Limitation, Isolation" "Vandewoestijne and Van Dyck, 2011" 1 Species Pararge aegeria Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Body Mass mg Lat 6.5 - - p<0.001 France; Belgium; Netherlands + "Thermoregulation, Landscape Type, Flight Morphology" "Vandewoestijne and Van Dyck, 2011" 1 Species Pararge aegeria Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing Area mm^2 Lat 6.5 - - p<0.05 France; Belgium; Netherlands + "Thermoregulation, Landscape Type, Flight Morphology" "Vandewoestijne and Van Dyck, 2011" 1 Species Pararge aegeria Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae M Forewing Length mm Lat 6.5 - - p<0.01 France; Belgium; Netherlands - "Thermoregulation, Landscape Type, Flight Morphology" "Van't Land et al., 1999" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing length mm Lat 39.28333333 - 0.93 - Chile & Ecuador + Genetic "Van't Land et al., 1999" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae B Wing area mm^2 Lat 39.28333333 - 0.93 - Chile & Ecuador + Genetic "Van't Land et al., 2000" 1 Species Drosophila melanogaster Diptera: Drosophilidae M Wing length mm Lat 39.28333333 - 0.97 p<0.001 Chile & Ecuador + Genetic