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11001??001110110000102011????001000102?0?000221101000121??02010012?0010101?1???1???????????????10001??20000011?1?0??211?000?2??1??1202?1100030000?00??000230100201?01?0021???1?????????????????????1???????0?20310?010?1??001301402010100001113100111100120010011010??00000101?0020120202?000?010?0???001?000411210010120???0?02131100210100??1?020001002011100??2?2020?211?????000?20100?????121111?01010??010301120100110010?1101010111???100?100001010102012010111001211011111121?100?0?21010100110111?1?011101?000100100?2111101111?100010?00??????0????23010113211111000111012101?1010000001???0??01???????04442?01?11?101130011101011110?1113000021?001??????02??????????1?????1????0?12??1???1???????1???????????????????0?1???????????????????00110?0000000??11024???????01?04?11????01111010000011110000 Boa_constrictor 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11000?0201110120111102011????001000110000000231101000212??01010012?0110102?0???1???????????????100?0??10000011?1?0??211?000?2??1??1202?1100030000?00??000200100201?01?0011???0?????????????????????1???????0?20310?010?1??001301102000000001113100111000020110011010??0?000101?002012?202??00?010?0300011?00041111?010110???0?1?131100110100??0?1??001002000100??2?2020?001?????000220100?????121111?01010??010111121100100010??100011011???100?100101010102012110111001211011111121?100?0?20010100120113?0?0121012000100200?0111101111?100010?00??????0????23010?03211111000111012101?10???00001???0??01???????04442?01?11?10113?0??1?1011?10?1113001020?001??????02??????????1?????1????0?12??1???1???????1???????????????????0?1???????????????????00100?0000000??11024???????01?04?11?1??01111110000011110000 Eryx_colubrinus 11001??00111012?1?0102011????001000?11021000231101000213??01?10012?0110102?1???1???????????????10001??10001011?1?1??212?000?2??1??1202?1100030000?00??000??0?00201?01?0011???0?????????????????????1???????0?20310?010?1??001301402010000001113100111000120110010010??00000101?002012?202?000?010?030?021?000411200?????????0?02131100210100??1?020001002000?00??2?2020?001?????000?20200?????121010?01000??010111120100100010?1100011011???100?100000000102012110111001211011111121?100?0?21010000110111?0?012101?000100100?2111101111?200010?00??????0????23010?02211111000111012101?1010000001???0??01???????04440301?11?10113?0??101011110?1113011121?001??????02??????????1?????1????0?12??1???0???????1???????????????????0?1???????????????????000?0?0000000??11024???????01?04?11?1??11111110000011110000 Exiliboa_placata 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10001??001110130010102011????001000112?20000231100000221??01010012?0110002?0???1???????????????10001??10000011?1?1??212?000?2??1??1202?1100011000?00??000210100201?01?0011???0?????????????????????1???????0?20310?010?1??001301402010000001113100111100121111001010??00000101?0020120202??00??10?0300011?000411210010110???0?02131100110100??1?0200010?1?01100??2?2020?001?????000220100?????121010?01010??01011112110010000001100010012???110?10000100110?012010111001211011111121?1?0?0?21?101001201?1?1?012100?02?2??????2111101111?200010?00??????0????20010?02211101000111012101?101000000????0??01???????0??????1?11???1130????010111???111?0000???001??????02??????????1?????1????0?12??0???1???????1???????????????????0?1???????????????????000?0?0000000??110????????????????1????111111100000111?0000 Chilabothrus_striatus 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Trachyboa_boulengeri 11001??001110130000102011????0010?0?11022000231100000122??02010012?0110101?1???1???????????????10011??2000002??1?0??212?000?2??1??1202?1101011000?00??000200100201?01?0011???1?????????????????????1???????0?203100010?1??001301402020000001103100111100120010111310??00000101?0020020212?000?010?031?010?000411210010100???0?02131100210100??0?020001001011100??2?2010?201?????000220100?????121010?01000??010301121100100000??100010012???110?100002011102012110111001211011110121?2?0?0?01?10100120111?0?012100?02?2??????21211011?1?210011?010001000????13000?02311111000111112101?101000000????0??01???????04410301?11?11113??????1011??0?11130000???001??????02??????????1?????1????0?12??1???1???????1???????????????????0?1???????????????????000?0?0000000??110????????????????10???111111100000111?1011 Tropidophis_haetianus 11001??001110130000102011????0010?0?11022000231100000122??02010011?0110101?1???1???????????????10011??2000002??1?0??212?000?2??1??1202?1101011000?00??000200100201?01?0011???1?????????????????????1???????0?103100010?1??001301402020000001103100111100120010111310??00000101?0020020212?000?010?031?010?000411210010100???0?02131100210100??0?020001001011100??2?2010?101?????000220100?????121010?01000??010301121100100000??100010012???110?100002010102012110111001211011110121?2?0?0?01?10100120111?0?012101?02?2??????21211001?1?210011?010001?00????13000?03311111000111112101?101000000[0 1]???0??01???????04441?01?11?1111300??011011110?1113000021?001??????02??????????1?????1????0?12??1???0???????1???????????????????0?1???????????????????000?0?0000000??11024???????01?04?1101??111111100000111?1011 Acrochordus_granulatus 10001??01?1101??1?0102111????001??0??3?2200?2?1101000222??01?100?1?0110?01?1???1???????????????100?0??2000002??1?0??212?000?2??1??1202?0100131000?00??000??0?1020??01?0021???1?????????????????????1???????0?203111010?1??00130?4020300000011?31001111002210120100111001011101?0031130002??00?010?0???000?00041121001?10????0?0213120021010100??020001002021?00??2?2010?201?????000220100?????1???10?01?00??03031112100010000001100010012???101???000200?1?20?2011110001211010110121?1?0?0?01?10?00120111?0?012100?2??2??????212110?1?1??00010?0???????0????23000?03211111000111112101?10100000001??0??01???????04440001?14?1111300??111011110?1113000021?001??????02??????????1?????1????1?????1???1???????1???????????????????1?????????????????????000?0?0000000??11024???????01?04?11?1??111111101000?11?1011 Afronatrix_anoscopus 11001??000110140000102111????0100?0??3?2200?221111001222??02010012?010??02?1???1???????????????10011??2000002??1?0??212?000?2??1??1201?0101131000?00??001200210201?01?0021???0?????????????????????1???????0?203111010?1??0013024020310000011031001111003210120100111112111101?0031130222??01?010?0???010?00041121001011????0?0213120021010110??021001002022?00??2?2010?211?????000220100?????120110?02000??01130112110011100???101010012???101?100002011102012010111001211010110121?2?0?0?11?1010312011??0?012201?2??2??????21211011?1?210012?010001000????24200?03311111000111112101?1001000001???0??01???????04420?01?11?1?113??????1011????111????????001??????02??????????1?????1????1?????1???1???????1???????????????????1?????????????????????000?0?0000000??110????????????????1????011111101111?11?1011 Agkistrodon_contortrix 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110?0??000110140010102111????0000?0??1?2200?2?1101000202??02110011?0111?02?1???1???????????????10010??1000002??1?0??211?0?0?????????1????????????100??000200?102???21?0021???0?????????????????????1???????0?203110010?1??001302402030010011113100111100221112010011110221110??003113?212??00??10?0???00??1?04102?1???12????1?0213110021010110??02000110?021?00??2?20122211?????000220100?????121110?02010??0111?1121201000010??100010012???101?1?0002021102012110111001211110112121???0?0?11?101001201???1?012200?2??2??????21?11011?1?201012?010001000???????1??0121?111000111112101?11021020002000??01???????04442301?12?11113?0????1011?10?1113000021?001??????02??????????1?????1????1?????1???1???????1???????????????????1?????????????????????000?0?0000000??11024????????1?0???1????01111?101111?11?1011 Lampropeltis_getula 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10000??000110130010102111????0010?0?1102200?221101001223??01010012?010??02?1???1???????????????10010??1000002??1?0??212?000?2??????201?01011?100??00??0012202102???01?0021???0?????????????????????1???????0?203110010?1??00130240203100001110310011110021?1120100111112111101?0031130212??00??10?030?000?000??02?0010120???1?0213120021010101??02000100?011??0??2?2010?211?????000220100?????121111?02000??011101121000110000??100010012???120?100002011102012010111001211011111121?2?0?0?11?10103120111?1?012201?2??2??????21111011?1?100012?010001000??????10??01211111000111112101?100110200[0 1]??00??01???????04441?01?12?11113?0????1011?10?1113000021?001??????02??????????1?????1????1?????1???1???????1???????????????????1?????????????????????000?0?0000000??10024???????01?04?113???011111100111?11?1011 Natrix_natrix 11001??000110140000102111????0100?0??3?2200?221111001223??02010022?010??02?1???1???????????????10011??2000002??1?0??212?000?2??1??1201?0101131000?00??001200210201?01?0021???0?????????????????????1???????0?203111010?1??0013024020410000011031001111003210120100111112111101?0031130222??00??10?0???010?000411210010110???0?0213120021010111??021001002022?00??2?2010?211?????000220100?????120110?02000??01130112111011100???101010012???101?100002011102012010112001211011110121?2?0?0?11?10103120111?1?01120??2??2??????21211011?1?200012?010001000????24200?03311111000111112101?1001000000???0??01???????04430301?12?11113?0????1011?10?11130000???001??????02??????????1?????1????1?????1???1???????1???????????????????1?????????????????????000?0?0000000??10024????????1?0???13???011111101111?11?1011 Notechis_scutatus 110?0??000110140000102111????0000?0?1102200?221101001223??01010012?010??02?1???1???????????????10011??1000002??1?0??212?000?2???????00?01011?10???00??0012002102???01?0021???0?????????????????????1???????0?203110010?1??00130240203100000110310011110022?1120100111112111101?003113?212??00?010?0???020?0004102?0010??????1?0213120021010101??02000100?011??0??2?2010?211?????000220100?????121111?02000??0111?1121000110000??100010012???120?1001020111020120101110012110111111?1?2?0?0?11?10103120111?1?012200?2??2??????21?11011?1?100012?0100?1000??????10??02311111000111112101?1001102001??00??01???????04430?01?11?1111300??0?1011?10?1113000021?001??????02??????????1?????1????1?????1???1???????1???????????????????1?????????????????????000?0?0000000??11024????????1?0????????111111101111?11?1011 Pareas_hamptoni 11001??000110140000100111????0000?0?10?2200?231101000202??01010011?010??02?0???1???????????????10010??2000002??1?0??212?0?0?2??1??1202??????11000?00??201?0011020??01?0021???0?????????????????????1???????0?10310?000?1??0013024020300000111031001111002210100100111012011101?0031130222?000?010?0???000?000??12?101?110???0?0213120021010101??020001002021?00??2?2010?211?????000220100?????120010?02000??011101121000110000??100010012???101?1?000201110201201011100121?01111112202?0?0?10?1010012011??1?01220??2??2??????212110?1?1?200011?0?0001000????1??10?0221?111000111??2101?101200000[0 1]???0??01???????04440401?11?1011300??0?1011?10?11130000???001??????02??????????1?????1????1?????1???1???????1???????????????????1?????????????????????000?0?0000000??110?????????????????????011111101101?11?1011 Thamnophis_marcianus 11001??000110140000102111????0100?0??3?2200?221111001223??02010012?010??02?1???1???????????????10011??2000002??1?0??212?000?2??1??1200?0101131000?00??00120021020??01?0021???0?????????????????????1???????0?203111010?1??0013014020410000011031001111003210120100111112111101?003113?222??00??10?0???010?00041121001?110???0?0213120021010111??021001002022?00??2?2010?211?????000220100?????120110?02000??01130112111011100???101010012???111?100102011102012010112001211011110121?2?0?0?11?1010312001??1?011201?2??2??????21211011?1?200012?010001000????24200?03311111000111112101?1001000001??00??01???????04420301?12?1111300????1011?10?1113000021?001??????02??????????1?????1????1?????1???1???????1???????????????????1?????????????????????000?0?0000000??11024???????01?04?113???111111101111?11?1011 Xenochrophis_piscator 11001??000110140000102111????0100?0??3?2200?221111001223??02010012?010??02?1???1???????????????10011??2000002??1????212?000?2??1??1200?0101131000?00??00120021020??01?0021???0?????????????????????1???????0?203111010?1??0013024020310000011031001111003210120100111112111100?003113?222??00?010?0???010?0004112?0010110???0?0213120021010111??021001002022?00??2?2010?211?????000220100?????120110?02000??01130112111011100???101010012???111?100102011102012010111001211011110121?2?0?0?11?10103120111?1?011201?2??2??????21211011?1?210012?010001000????24200?03311111000111112101?1011000001??00??01???????04420301?12?1111300????1011?10?1113000021?001??????02??????????1?????1????1?????1???1???????1???????????????????1?????????????????????000?0?0000000??110????????????????13???011111101111?11?1011 Xenodermus_javanicus 11101??001110130000101111????0010?0??3?2200?2?1100000201??01010012?0110101?1???1???????????????10011??2000002??1?0??212?000?2??1??1202?1????31000?00??001200100201?01?0021???1?????????????????????1???????0?203111010?1??0013014020200000111031001110002200100110110001011101?0021130202?00[0 1]?010?0???001?00041?21001???????0?0213120021010110??021001002021100??2?2010?211?????000220100?????121111?01000??03010111000010000???10?010012???101?1?0102011102012110111001211011110121?2?0?0?01?1010012011??1?012101?2??2??????1121101111?200012?010001000????20000?03311111000111112101?10100000001000??01???????04430301?12?1111300??0?1011?10?1113000021?001??????02??????????1?????1????1?????1???1???????1???????????????????1?????????????????????000?0?0000000??11024??????001?04?11?1??011110101000?11?1011 Gobiderma_pulchrum 100000?0??0000000??0000001?0000010?00??00?001200??00???0400000002120?0??00?01000?0010001?00?200102??00?001??01100000???00013041000?00?0??00?00001?000110000?00?0??0?010000??0??1200?2000012?00000??0101001?0120000?000011?100100?0??????????????000111100110?????2?????????0011001??10??0000???101020????0??0?0?0??0100002?0?000131??0000?0?????00?001110000?0000102?0??0?0??0?12??0?00????00000??0?0????????0?0?0?01?????????0??????00?00101??0?011???0????0?3?0??0???100100110?0040?0000???00001010011010001100120100200111???0?0??0000??0?2?01000?000?11000001312211000001111??0?01??0???0000????????????????????????????0??110000000000000?00?????????0?????????0????????????????????????????????1??0??????????????????????????????????????????0?0210?101110000????????????????????????????????010??0??00???? Helodermoides_tuberculatus 1000???2??00000100?000000101000000000??00?000400??00???0?40000002120????20?02000?0000011?00?2?0102??10?000??01100002???00013011000?00????00?00000?000110000?00?0??0?010000??0??120012100001000000??0101002?0010000?0010?1??00100?0??????????????0001101000??1??0?2?????????0010101???01?0010?0?1?1020?0??0??020?0??010?002?0?0001?1?00?00?0?????00?001010000?000010200??0?0??0?10?00?0?0?????0?????????0?????0?????000????????0??????00????????1?0?????00?????0???1?????0?00?????1040?00100??0000100?02?0000???001201002?01??2????0??0100??002?011001?10????00000??332100000000[0 1]??0?000?0???0000???????????????????????????????????????????????0???????20??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2012???1?1111010??????????????????????????????????0?????0????? Peltosaurus_granulosus 100000020000020000?001?00100000000000??00?100400??00???0?10000002120????20?0?0?0??010011?0012?0102??100000??011000?10??00013011000?00????00?00000?000100000?00?0??0?010000??0??1200020?0001000000??0111002?0000100?0000111100100?02?????00?0??0?000110?000??1??0?2?????????0010100??101?0010?00101020?0??0??020?0??0100002?0?000131?00000?0?????000001010000?000010200??0?0100110?00?000?1000000??0?00?01????0?0?0?000????????0??2??????001011?1?0?00??00???0?0?00?0???100000000?1040?00100?00000100?0200100010001001002001102??0?0?00100??002?011001010?0100000031332100000000[0 1]??00000?0???0000???????1??????????????002010???11000000000000??0??????????0?????????00??01?10??000??1001?1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????201210?111111010????????????????????????????????0???????0????? Proplatynotia_longirostrata 110001?0??0010?100000010?100000010000??00?011?0???000??0?00000?02120?0??001010001?0?000??00?20?100??????????011000000??0001304?010000?00????00001?000100?0000?????0?010000??0??10?0?00000?2??0000?????????????0?????????????????????????????????0001111??0??1??????????????001100????01???0?0??1?1???????00?????0???1?0002?0?0001?1?????????????00??????????????????0??????????????0????????00???????????????0?0??00?0???????????0??????000????0?????????????????????????0100010?004????00??000?0101001101000110????1?0200111?0???0?00??0??002?010?????0?1100300131?211000000111000000000???0000??????????????????????????2?1??1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????03?????????0??????????????????????????????????????????0????? Saniwa_ensidens 110001010000000000?0111101??000?10000??00?001200???0???04000000021?0?0??20?010?0?0010001?00???01?0???0?000??01100000???00013041011?00?0??00?00001?0???10000?00?0??0?010100??2??1200120000?2??0000??0101?02?0?00?0??0000?1?100?0??0??????????????0001111?00101??0?0?????????0011031??101?0000?00101020?0??0??0?0?0??0100001?1?000131?00000?0?????00?0?11???00?01?0102??????0?00?12100?0?????1??00?????????????0?000???0????????0?????????00?????0???0???0????0?3?0?10?0?10?10011??0041?0000??00000101001101010?1011201?020?11??0??00?00000??002?010001000?11000001313211000001111??0?01??0???00000??????1????????04000010212?1001?00000?0000000?00?300003120000??00?000000????1?0??????????0?????0???00000??001010?14011?0?000010000????11?011?0?000??0110?0?0000?0????????????????????????????00000011??0000????? Coniophis_precedens ??????????00???????????0??0?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????001?010000000000000000000?00?????????????0???????0??0??0?000???????????00???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0????????????????????????0??????????????????????????????????????????????00????00????0????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????111?0?0????0?1?0???0?0????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100000111??1?01?0????0000????????????????????????????1001310000000?0100??1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0100??0???????? Tetrapodophis_amplectus 1?0?0???????01?00?000????????00?0?0????????????????????????????0???0???????????000???00????2???1????????????????????2???????01??0???0???????????0??????????????????????????????????????????????????0???000??????????????1?10?????0???????????????????0???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?011???11?????????0?0??00100?00?????????????????????0??????????????????????????1??1?00??1??1?10000011???1?01?0????????????????????????044????021111001310??0?0?00??0?0103?00?20?0???????????????????????????????0111??0???01000???02?11???????1?30000?010????0????1?1??0??????????000000?????????????????????????????????100??000?????? Najash_rionegrina ?1??????????0???0???02?10????00??0010??0000022?00?0?0??2??0110?02???1??000?12001???????????????1?001?01000010111?0??20??????1??1??1000?0???030000?0???00?1001??2??001?0010??02?1?00020?00?100?101??1???????0?20000?00001??101300?0???00001?11?2?0?111???0???0??0??1???????0101???1?????????????101?000??0?00020?0?????0003?0??????10??00?0000??????0?1010?000?00?1?1?00?001?????00012000?1????010010?00??0??010100?10000000??10000??????0???11??0?000000?0????201?10001100?011111122000000??101?000100111?1?01110??01002??10??10??00001?100?10?00000??00????2???0???2????00??1????1??1?0????????????????????????044?????????100130?110?0101110?0103000?20?0?1??????????????????1?????1????0112??01??01001???1???????????????????010???????????????????0???????00??????????????????????????????00010100??00??0???? Dinilysia_patagonica ??????????1?????????02010????000?0010??0000022000?000??2??01100022?0110000?12001???????????????10001?01000010111?0??200?00011??1111000?0000030000?0002000100100200001?0010??02?0??00??000?100?101001???????0?20000?00?01??101300?0??00000111102?0????0????0?????????????????01????????????0??0?10??0000?0?0002000??0100003?0?0011310000000000???0100?101000000000101000?001?????00012010?1????010010?00000??010100110000000??100?000100?0???100?0000000000??0120101100110??0??111121?00000?11010000100113?1?011101201?020?10??1001000010100010?0????1?00????2?0?0??2?1?1?10?011???2?01?0001?0000????????????????044????02??01?0130011001011?10??????00?20?0???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?0?0?00000????11???????????????????????000101000?0?000???? Eupodophis_descouensis 1110?0????1?0??00?0?0???1????0010?00??????0?2?11??0?00?????????0????????00??????????????????????????????????????????????0???1??1?1??01???????0??0?000????????0?2?????????0??0??0??????0?0?2?????1??1???????0???31?101001??011301?0?00000?01?????0??????????????????????????10????????0??????????0???0??????0?4102?0???11????1?021?11??1100000???0200?1?0201????????203??????????00???????????????????????0????????1??1???????????0??????????1??????1?????????????????????1?01????1?200???????????????0?????????????01?010?10??1???0??????????0?????????0??????000??3?1?11?0??11???2?0??1????00?0????????????????04420????13?1001301??010?111?1?10?3????20?001??????0???????????1?????1????0112??0???01001???1???????????????????011??????1????????????????0?000000???1????????????????????????11?1110???0001????? Haasiophis_terrasanctus 1110?0????1001????0?02111????0010001???00000??1?????00?1??0?0??012?0????1??????1???????????????1?001?0?000001111?1??20??0???11?1111201??????300?0?00??00?100100?00??1?0010?????0??????0?0?2????????1???????0?20310101001??00130??0?00000?????????????????????????????????????????????0?????????10???????0????4?02?0???12????1?021311?01100000???0200?10020111000?2?203????1?????000120?0?1???????????00??0???10???1??10?0?0??00??0??????1???1?????0???00??????????11?00?21?011111121?0?000?1101??00100211?1?01110??010010110??121?00001?100010?000????00??0?23000?0331?111000111??2?01?0?1??00?0????????????????04420??1?13?1?11?10??010??11?1??1?3000?20?101??????0???????????1?????1????0112??01??01001???1???????0???????????011??????111??1???????000?0?000000???1????????????????????????111111000?00011???? Pachyrhachis_problematicus 1?1??0????1???????????11??????????????????00???????????????????0?2?0????00?1???1???????????????1?001???0000?11?1?0???0??0???11?111??0???????300?0?00??20?100?00200??1?00?0???1?0???0??0?0?2?????1??1???????0?2031?101001??01130?40?00000????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0???????????????2?0???????????021311?01100000???02?0?10020???000?2?20?????1?????000??0?0?????????????????0????????1??????????0??????????????1?????????00?????????????0??21?01?11112200??????101?100??02??????1??0??01?010?10????????001?1????0?????????0???????00??22??11??001????2?0???????0??0????????????????044????1?13?1?01?01??010?1?1?1?11???00????101??????0???????????1?????1????0112??01??01001???1???????0???????????011??????11?1?????????000?0?00000????1?????????????????????????1?1?1????0?011???? Wonambi_naracoortensis ?????0????1???????????1???????????01???00?0?2?11?00000????01???012??111000?1???1???????????????1?001???????11????0???01?000?1??1111200?0100030000?00?????1??????0????????0??????????????????????1??????????0?20311?0?0???????????????0?0??????3?????????????????????????????????????????????????????0???0???04102?0???0003?0??02??10???0????????02?000?020000?0?01?2?0??????????0????????1????11?0?0?00???????01?01101??0????1111??10???1?????0?0??0111?01???1?1??1??11?11?01?1?0121?1??????1?1?1?????????????1???????????????1?1100001?100??0?010????0???0?23000????1?111000111??2?01?00???0000????????????????0????????????0?130011110101?10??1??????20?0???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????111?010???0?01????? Yurlunggur_sp 1?0000??0110??????0102111????00100010000000?2?110???00?1??0?01?013?0011000?12001???????????????10001???????11??1?2??201??00?11?1111200?01?0030??0?000????100100200??1?0010??02?0?0?0??000?100?001??1???????0??0310?0???1??101300?0???000??????3?0?1111???201100?????????100101???2012?2?1???0??10??3?0010????4102?0???0003?0??021310???0?0000???020000002000000001?2000?00??????0????????1????11?0?0?00?0????1011011010?0????11110?10???1???????0??0111??1?????1??1??11?11?0????0122?1?0??????1??????0??1???0?1?0????????????????????????????0??????????????230?0?0??1?111000111??2?01?0?10?0000????????????????0??????1?????011300??110101110?????????20?0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1????????????????????????111?010?0?0?01????? Messelopython_freyi 110?1?0???1101?000010201?1???00010?1?????000??????????????020??012?0????01?1?0?1???????????????1?011?0?0?00?11?1?0???1??00??2??1??1?02?11?0030000?00??00?2101?0201?01???11???1?????????????????????1???????0?20310??10?1??001?01?0???010????????0?1??10??21?1101??????????????????????????????????0???00000004??2????1?20???0?0213???0210?00????020001002011100??2?2010?00????????0220?????????????????????????10????1????????01????????1??????????????????????????1???????011111??[1 2]01???0?21?10100110111???0???01?0[0 2]??????0???1??1111??2???10?00??????0?10?23010213?1?11101011???2?01?101000000????????????????0444[1 2]???????101130011101011110?11130000?1?0?1???????2??????????1?????1????1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????000?0?0000?00???????????????????????????1???01????0?1?????? ; cnames {0 1-GKMRB_1_Premaxilla_fused paired fused; {1 2-GKMRB_2_Premaxilla_palatal_shelf_(also_called_vomerine_processes) not_bifid_posteriorly bifid_posteriorly; {2 3-GKMRB_3_Premaxilla_maxillary_process_size prominent reduced absent; {3 4-GKMRB_4_Premaxilla_maxillary_process_length_relative_to_level_of_palatine_-_maxilla_suture premaxilla_medial_to_contact premaxilla_lateral_to_contact; {4 5-HG_5_Premaxilla,_maxillary_process_shape_ maxillary_process_broad_distally,_with_squared-off_margin_in_dorsal_view tapers_to_point_distally; {5 6-GKMRB_5_Premaxillary_-_maxillary_fenestra absent present; {6 7-GKMRB_6_Premaxilla_body_anterior_ethmoidal_foramina_number two four_or_more; {7 8-GKMRB_7_Premaxilla_body_anterior_ethmoidal_foramina_exit_via external_naris premaxillary_notch premaxillary_body between_pmax_and_max in_maxilla; {8 9-GKMRB_8a_Premaxilla_body_ventral_ethmoidal_foramen present absent; {9 10-GKMRB_8b_Premaxilla_body_ventral_ethmoidal_foramen small large; {10 11-GKMRB_9_Premaxilla_-_maxilla_suture firm loose; {11 12-LBG_162_Premaxilla,_position_relative_to_maxilla_ 'maxilla converges to lateral edge of_premaxilla in continuous line, even if not in contact, reaching same level anteriorly as body of premaxilla' maxilla_tips_converge_well_caudal_to_premaxilla_body; {12 13-GKMRB_10_Premaxilla_internasal_process_length less_than_half_nasal_length more_than_half_nasal_length 'nearly_to,_or_articulates_with,_frontal'; {13 14-GKMRB_11_Premaxilla_internasal_process_shape_in_cross-section* subtriangular compressed depressed; {14 15-GKMRB_12__Premaxilla_internasal_process_position_relative_to_nasal_descending_lamina at_same_level_as_nasals clasped_between_nasals narrowly_clasped lamina_abuts_base_pmax 'loss_lamina_-_pmax_contact'; {15 16-GKMRB_13_Premaxilla_internasal_process_shape_in_anterior_view* tapers_or_parallel_sided widens_across_nares; {16 17-GKMRB_14_Premaxilla_internasal_process_size well-developed very_reduced_or_absent; {17 18-GKMRB_15_Premaxilla_internasal_process_bifid_in_lateral_view,_with_ancestral_dorsal_ramus_joined_by_a_deeper_ventral_ramus_(premaxillary_keel_of_Lee_and_Scanlon,_2002)_extending_posteriorly_off_base_of_internasal_process absent present; {18 19-GKMRB_16_Premaxilla_conspicuous_vertical_margin_on_maxillary_process absent present; {19 20-HG_20_Premaxilla,_alveolar_margin_arched_(lingual_arch)_for_passage_of_tongue_during_protrusion_with_mouth_closed 'absent,_alveolar_margin_horizontal_in_anterior_view' 'present_(at_least_below_base_of_internasal_ramus_as_ethmoidal_nerve_enters_in_Typhlops,_Lepto,_Liotyphlops,_Calabaria,_Eryx_Cylindrophis'; {20 21-GMKRB_17_Nasals_fused paired fused; {21 22-GKMRB_18_Nasals_anterior_width_relative_to_nasofrontal_joint_width exceeds subequal less_than; {22 23-GKMRB_19_Nasal_-_prefrontal_suture present absent; {23 24-CKMRB_20_Nasal_-_maxilla_suture present absent; {24 25-GKMRB_21_Nasal_descending_lamina absent present,_extending_below_level_of_nasal-maxilla_suture; {25 26-GKMRB_22_Nasal_supranarial_process_in_dorsal_view,_development prominent reduced_or_absent; {26 27-GKMRB_23_Nasal_-_maxilla_suture_in_cross_section_anteriorly maxilla_ovelaps_nasal nasal_partly_overlaps_maxilla nasal_abuts_maxilla nasal_underlaps_maxilla_to_floor_of_narial_chamber; {27 28-GKMRB_24_Nasals_ventral_contact_beneath_premaxillary_internasal_process* broad 'narrowly_at_apex_only_(if_at_all)'; {28 29-GKMRB_25_Nasals_dorsal_contact_over_premaxilla_internasal_process* absent at_apex_only broadly_in_contact_dorsally; {29 30-GKMRB_26_Nasals_reduced_to_narrowly_elliptic_elements_plastered_to_either_side_of_premaxilla_internasal_process absent present; {30 31-GKMRB_27_Nasal_shape not_small_and_cruciform small_and_cruciform; {31 32-GKMRB_28_Nasal_length_relative_to_frontal_length nasal_shorter nasals_longer; {32 33-GKMRB_29_Nasal_anterior_extent_toward_premaxilla* nasal_extends_anterior_to_maxillary_tooth_row_or_vomer nasal_terminates_posterior_to_end_of_maxillary_tooth_row_or_vomer_tip; {33 34-GKMRB_30_Naso-frontal_fontanelle absent present; {34 35-GKMRB_31_Naso-frontal_suture_shape 'without_V-shaped_nasal_process_into_frontal_midline' 'with_prominent_V-shaped_nasal_process_into_frontal_midline'; {35 36-GKMRB_32_Nasal-frontal_dorsal_articulation_extent_ 'present,_broad_anteroposteriorly' 'present,_narrow_anteroposteriorly'; {36 37-HG_37_Naso-frontal_joint_ absent,_or_nasal_descending_laminae_insert_conformably_bewteen_frontal_pillars present,_discrete_ventral_pegs_pivot_on_base_of_frontal_pillars; {37 38-HG_38_Nasal_descending_laminae_-_frontal_pillar_articulation_extent in_contact_over_at_least_dorsal_half_of_frontal_pillar ventrally_only dorsally_only broadly_separated_; {38 39-GKMRB_35_Nasal_descending_lamina_shape_at_ventral_contact_with_frontal abutting reduced_to_point_contact; {39 40-HG_40_Nasal_medial_articulation_to_frontal_on_skull_roof nasal_laps_over_frontal_near_midline frontal_laps_over_nasal_near_midline no_overlap; {40 41-HG_41_Nasal_lateral_articulation_to_frontal nasal_bevelled_ventrally_over_lateral_frontal_articulation_ nasal_not_bevelled_laterally nasal_broadly_separated_from_frontal_laterally nasal_bevelled_dorsally_at_frontal_overlap; {41 42-HG_42_Nasal_supranarial_excavation_prominent absent present; {42 43-GKMRB_36_Frontals_fused paired fused; {43 44-GKMRB_37_Frontal-maxilla_suture 'frontal_separated_from_maxilla_by_nasal_-_prefrontal_contact' 'frontal_contacts_maxilla,_separating_nasal_from_prefrontal'; {44 45-_GKMRB_38_Frontal_subolfactory_processes_development absent arch_beneath_brain_but_do_not_contact arch_beneath_brain_to_articulate_on_ventral_midline arch_beneath_brain_and_fuse_on_ventral_midline; {45 46-GKMRB_39_Frontal_subolfactory_process_depth_from_skull_roof_to_palatine 25-35% 42-53% 58-68% 75-85% >89%; {46 47-GKMRB_40_Frontal_subolfactory_process_-_parasphenoid_body_suture absent present; {47 48-HG_48_Frontal_subolfactory_process_descending_lamina absent present; {48 49-HG_49_Frontal_subolfactory_process_descending_laminae_clasp_parasphenoid_rostrum_dorsal_margin absent present; {49 50-HG_50_Frontal_subolfactory_process_descending_lamina_position_relative_to_one_another broadly_separated narrowly_separated; {50 51-GKMRB_42_Frontal_subolfactory_processes_delimit_deep_narrow_canal_across_most_of_orbit* absent present; {51 52-GKMRB_43_Frontal_subolfactory_process_prefrontal_lamina absent 'knob-like_process_at_anteromedial_rim_of_subolfactory_process_with_prefrontal_facet' conspicuous_descending_lamina_off_subolfactory_process_articulating_just_behind_prefrontal produced_into_shelf_supporting_prefrontal_ventrally; {52 53-GKMRB_44_Frontal_subolfactory_process_anterior_end unmodified forms_thickened_anterolaterally_projecting_flange; {53 54-GKMRB_45_Medial_frontal_pilar absent separated_from_subolfactory_process_by_gap sutured_to_subolfactory_process fused_with_subolfactory_process; {54 55-GKMRB_46_Medial_frontal_flange_separating_olfactory_tracts vertically_positioned 'slants_forward_(anterior_margin_of_subolfactory_process_in_front_of_anterior_margin_of_frontal_dorsal_lamina)' 'slants_backwards_(anterior_margin_of_subolfactory_process_behind_anterior_margin_of_frontal_dorsal_lamina)'; {55 56-GKMRB_47_Frontal_descending_process_-_parietal_contact,_in_horizontal_section* no_contact parietal_overlaps_frontal_laterally frontal_descending_process_abuts_parietal 'frontal_descending_process_overlaps_parietal,_at_least_in_part'; {56 57-GKMRB_48_Frontal_interorbital_width/frontoparietal_suture_width_I 14-19% 20-22% 24-26% 28-34% 36-40%; {57 58-GKMRB_49_Frontal_interorbital_width/frontoparietal_suture_width_II <44% 44-47% 50-53% 55-58% 60-63%; {58 59-GKMRB_50_Frontal_broadly_overlaps_prefrontal_dorsally absent present; {59 60-GKMRB_51_Frontal_supraorbital_shelf absent present demarcated_medially_by_narrow_shallow_longitudinal_furrow_often_bearing_row_of_foramina; {60 61-GKMRB_52_Frontal_anterior_margin_shape mainly_trends_anteromedially broadly_transverse; {61 62-GKMRB_53_Frontal_anteroposteriorly_narrow,_blunt_prefrontal_process_off_lateral_base_of_subolfactory_process_extends_into_prefrontal_socket absent present; {62 63-GKMRB_54_Frontal_posterior_margin_convex_and_parietal_anterior_margin_concave,_in_sagittal_section* absent present; {63 64-GKMRB_55_Fronto-parietal_suture_fused separate fused; {64 65-GKMRB_56_Fronto-parietal_suture_interdigitation frontal_overlaps_parietal_dorsally lightly_interdigitate_or_simple_abutment moderate_interdigitation strong_interdigitation deeply_interdigitate; {65 66-GKMRB_57_Fronto-parietal_suture_dorsal_outline bowed_anteriorly_or_inverted_U roughly_transverse shallow_U_or_W_bowed_posteriorly deeply_bowed_posteriorly_U_or_W 'frontal_postero-dorsolateral_corner_protrudes_posterolaterally_xx_could_make_separate_character'; {66 67-GKMRB_58_Fronto-parietal_suture_lateral_overlap frontal_deeply_overlaps_parietal frontal_barely_overlaps_parietal_laterally frontal_underlaps_parietal_laterally; {67 68-GKMRB_59_Frontoparietal_fontanelle_in_adult* absent present; {68 69-GKMRB_60_Suture_between_frontal_and_parietal_in_medial_wall_of_orbit strongly_anteriorly_inclined vertical_or_slightly_anteriorly_inclined; {69 70-GKMRB_61a_Frontal_suboptic_shelf absent present; {70 71-GKMRB_61b_Frontal_suboptic_shelf_-_parietal_contact_below_optic_foramen close_to_or_in_contact_with_parietal widely_separated_from_parietal; {71 72-HG_72_Frontal_suboptic_shelf_depth_below_optic_foramen shallow,_just_beyond_top_of_sphenoid_rostrum deep,_more_than_half_way_to_ventral_margin_of_sphenoid_rostrum; {72 73-GKMRB_62_Postfrontal 'present_(as_separate_element_throughout_ontogeny)' absent fused_to_postorbital fused_to_frontal; {73 74-GKMRB_63_Postfrontal_shape_along_skull_roof 'triradiate_(postorbital_pairetal_process_at_least_twice_as_long_as_frontal_process)_wrapping_around_frontoparietal_suture' 'parietal_process_less_that_half_length_of_frontal_process' 'parietal_process_absent,_postfrontal_subtriangular'; {74 75-GKMRB_64_Postfrontal_distal_shape 'tapering_to_point_(passing_anterior_to_postorbital)' 'bifid_(clasps_postorbital)'; {75 76-GKMRB_65_Postfrontal_relative_to_parietal_table ventrolateral dorsal_overlap_present dorsal_overlap_extensive; {76 77-GKMRB_66_Postfrontal-jugal_articulation widely_separated nearly_in_contact in_contact; {77 78-GKMRB_67_Postfrontal_supratemporal_shelf absent present_as_thin_shelf_extending_over_anterodorsal_corner_of_supratemporal_fenestra extending_posteriorly_further_than_laterally_across_upper_temporal_fenestra to_occlude_upper_temporal_fenestra; {78 79-GKMRB_70_Postfrontal_enlarged_and_flat not 'often_very_broad,_always_antero-posteriorly_extensive_and_flat,_with_postorbital_process_reduced_to_nub' 'with_a_shaft_that_is_club-shaped_distally'; {79 80-GKMRB_68_Postorbital present absent; {80 81-HG_81_Postorbital_discrete_tab_underlaps_postfrontal_anteriorly_near_jugal_articulation absent_ present; {81 82-GKMRB_69_Postorbital_shape widens_anteriorly narrows_anteriorly; {82 83-GKMRB_71_Postorbital-parietal_contact 'postorbital_entirely_distal,_separated_by_postfrontal_from_parietal' partly_posterior_to_postfrontal to_contact_parietal_ventrolaterally_at_frontoparietal_suture; {83 84-HG_84_Postorbitofrontal,_orbital_rim_development deep shallow; {84 85-GKMRB_73_Postorbital_with_small_compressed_tab_at_apex_passing_across_frontoparietal_suture absent present; {85 86-GKMRB_76_Postorbital_restricts_upper_temporal_fenestra_(UTF) 'absent,_postorbital_tapers_to_tip' 'partly_occludes_UTF,_as_postorbital_expands_medially_posteriorly' enlarged_postorbital_nearly_completely_occludes_UTF; {86 87-GKMRB_77_Postorbital_(nearly)_excludes_squamosal_from_upper_temporal_fenestra absent present; {87 88-GKMRB_78_Postorbital_overlaps_squamosal 'laterally_into_v-shaped_recess_in_squamosal' dorsomedially_as_slender_tapering_rod_attached_superficially dorsally 'postorbital_in_long_v-shaped_trough_dorsomedially_and_rotating_to_dorsally_posteriorly' squamosal_lies_in_trough_beneath_postorbital; {88 89-GKMRB_79_Postorbital-squamosal_suture 'firm,_suture_no_wider_than_those_among_surrounding_elements' 'loose,_sutural_gap_wider_than_that_between_postorbital_and_postfrontal,_or_postorbital_and_jugal'; {89 90-GKMRB_80_Postorbital_firmly_sutured_to_skull_roofing_bones_(postfrontal_or_parietal) present 'postorbital_barely_underlaps_parietal_at_frontoparietal_suture_(=_mobile_joint_of_Arnold,_1998)' postorbital_tapers_to_blunt_tip_separated_from_parietal; {90 91-GKMRB_81_Postorbital-ectopterygoid_contact absent present; {91 92-GKMRB_82_Postorbital_jugal_ramus_shortens extends_deep_to_quadrate_head to_level_of_quadrate_head or_above_quadrate_head; {92 93-GKMRB_83_Postorbital-jugal_suture 'long,_firm,_immobile_suture,_with_jugal_largely_ventrolateral_to_postorbital' 'shorter_suture,_with_jugal_reduced_to_tab-like_dorsal_tip_that_still_lies_distal_to_postorbital' 'jugal_tapers_smoothly_to_apex,_which_is_loosely_joined_to_lateral_face_of_postorbital'; {93 94-GKMRB_85_Postorbital_spreads_onto_dorsal_surface_of_postfrontal absent present; {94 95-GKMRB_87_Postorbital_extent_posteriorly 'to_end_of_parietal_table_(or_less)' posterior_to_parietal_table; {95 96-GKMRB_88_Parietal_fusion paired fused; {96 97-GKMRB_89_Parietal_ventral_lappet poorly_developed_or_absent 'prominent_V-shaped,_flat_process'; {97 98-GKMRB_90_Parietal_temporal_muscles_originate dorsally_on_parietal_table_and_supratemporal_process_of_parietal ventrally_on_parietal_table_and_dorsally_on_supratemporal_process ventrally_on_parietal_table_and_supratemporal_process; {98 99-GKMRB_91_Parietal_temporal_fossa_shape 'temporal_muscles_originate_dorsally_across_entire_parietal_table_all_the_way_to_frontal_anteriorly_(at_least_laterally)' 'anterolateral_corner_of_temporal_fossa_terminates_posteriorly,_dorsal_and_ventral_margins_of_temporal_fossa_converge_behind_frontal,_so_parietal_table_extends_as_flat_surface_toward_orbital_margin,_and_temporal_muscles_are_confined_laterally'; {99 100-GKMRB_93_Parietal_sagittal_crest absent present projecting_dorsally; {100 101-GKMRB_94_Parietal_nuchal_fossa_width narrow wide 'overgrown_by_parietal_(nearly)_to_midline'; {101 102-GKMRB_95_Parietal_postparietal_projection_near_midline_(bifid_distally_or_not) absent present; {102 103-GKMRB_96_Parietal-supraoccipital_contact absent parietal_overlaps_supraoccipital_on_midline abuts_supraoccipital_on_midline 'dorso-ventral_parasagittal_abutment' 'supraoccipital_around_processus_ascendens_tectum_synoticum_forms_stout,_flat-topped_pedicle_that_abuts_parietal_posteroventromedially'; {103 104-GKMRB_97_Parietal_bifid_supraoccipital_process absent clasping_supraoccipital_crest; {104 105-GKMRB_98_Parietal_descending_lamina_articulates_with_supraoccipital_ascending_lamina absent present; {105 106-GKMRB_99_Parietal_extent_over_braincase_in_dorsal_view does_not_cover_occiput covers_nearly_all_of_occiput with_emarginate_lateral_fossae; {106 107-GKMRB_100_Parietal_posterior_margin,_in_dorsal_view 'does_not_form_an_elongate,_slender_and_pointed_posterior_process' 'does_form_an_elongate,_slender_and_pointed_posterior_process'; {107 108-ZS_39_Distinct_lateral_ridge_of_parietal_extending_posteriorly_from_anterior_lateral_wing_up_to_prootic absent present; {108 109-GKMRB_101_Parietal_supratemporal_process_length directed_laterally 'reduced,_less_than_25%_of_parietal_width' absent; {109 110-GKMRB_102_Parietal_supratemporal_process_orientation directed_laterally directed_posterolaterally directed_posteriorly; {110 111-GKMRB_103_Parietal_contribution_to_back_of_the_upper_temporal_fenestra 'short_supratemporal_process,_parietal_only_forms_about_half_of_the_upper_temporal_fenestra_posterior_arch,_with_supratemporal_forming_distal_half' long_parietal_supratemporal_process_extends_distally_to_near_the_quadrate_head; {111 112-GKMRB_104_Parietal_foramen present absent; {112 113-GKMRB_105_Parietal_foramen_position in_parietal at_frontoparietal_suture in_frontal; {113 114-GKMRB_106_Parietal_supraorbital_process absent present deeply_clasping_frontal_orbital_margin; {114 115-GKMRB_107_Parietal_postorbital_process 'absent;_parietal_barely,_if_at_all,_laps_behind_postorbital_apex_in_horizontal_section' 'parietal_vertically-oriented_lappet_extends_laterally_to_overlap_postorbital_to_form_anteromedial_margin_of_upper_temporal_fenestra'; {115 116-GKMRB_108_Parietal_epipterygoid_process absent distinct_process reaches_alar_process_of_prootic; {116 117-GKMRB_109_Parietal-prootic_contact absent contact_at_apex_of_alar_process extensive_conformable_contact ventral_process_of_parietal_overlaps_prootic_alar_process_laterally; {117 118-LBG_171_Parietal_enclosing_brain_laterally uninflated inflated; {118 119-ZS_Medial_parietal_pillar_separates_the_telencephalon_from_the_mesencephalon_(Zaher_and_Scanferla,_2012) absent 'present_(cut_at_about_mid_height_of_auditory_chamber)' with_pronounced_ridge_separating_the_telencephalon_from_the_mesemcephalon_of_the_brain; {119 120-GKMRB_110_Parietal_ventral_triangular_downgrowths_of_temporal_muscle_origin_overlaps_prootic_laterally,_with_latter_abutting_former_medially,_just_anterior_to_supraoccipital absent present; {120 121-GKMRB_111_Maxilla_(post-)_premaxillary_process_contact absent 'present,_or_nearly_so,_but_always_excluding_premaxilla_from_vomer_dorsally' present_and_vertically_expanded; {121 122-GKMRB_112_Maxilla_premaxillary_process_dorsal_surface_grooved_(often_enclosed)_for_passage_of_a_deeper_and_more_internally_placed_ramus_of_the_subnarial_artery absent present; {122 123-GKMRB_113_Maxilla_and_vomer_contact_at_anterior_margin_of_fenestra_exochoanalis absent present; {123 124-GKMRB_114_Maxilla_facial_process_length/maxilla_length 10-20% 16-23% 25-36% 38-55% >56%; {124 125-GKMRB_115_Maxilla_facial_process_height 'tall,_to_skull_roof' reduced absent columnar_process_received_in_longitudinal_concavity_on_anterior_face_of_prefrontal; {125 126-GKMRB_116_Maxilla_facial_process_apical_surface_faces laterally dorsolaterally anterodorsally large_triangular_dorsally-directed_surface_sharply_set_off_from_nearly_vertical_external_surface_of_facial_process sharp_medial_inflection_roofing_(more_or_less)_external_naris_from_canthal_crest; {126 127-GKMRB_117_Maxilla_facial_process_medial_face_with_a_posterodorsally_trending_ridge_demarcating_the_anterior_limits_of_a_shallow_oval_fossa_bordered_by_the_lacrimal_and_infraorbital_canals_posteriorly absent present; {127 128-LBG_180_Maxilla_supradental_shelf_development present_with_acute_medial_margin_throughout_length reduced_anterior_to_palatine_process; {128 129-GKMRB_118_Maxilla_narial_margin_rises_at high_angle low_angle; {129 130-LBG_Maxilla,_bears_discrete_narial_margin_on_facial_process_bordering_external_naris_(Longrich_et_al,_2012:_fig_2a) present absent; {130 131-LBG_176_Maxilla,_prominent_medially_projecting_palatine_process_ absent present; {131 132-GKMRB_119a._Maxilla_firmly_sutured_to_palatine present separated_by_fibrous_gap 'loosely_ligamentous,_via_finger-like_lateral_maxillary_process_of_palatine_and_medially_projecting_palatine_process_of_maxilla' 'maxilla_free_of_palatine,_suspended_from_prefrontal'; {132 133-GKMRB_119b_Maxilla_pivots_on_prefrontal_to_erect_fang absent present; {133 134-ZS_49_Medial_(palatine)_process_of_the_maxilla,_base_lies_below_the_orbit absent base_less_than_half_exposed_ base_more_than_half_exposed; {134 135-HG_135_Maxilla-palatine_joint_angle_in_ventral_view less_than_45_degrees more_than_45_degrees_posterior_margin_of_maxilla_palatine_process palatine_process_of_maxilla_produced_into_shelf_forming_incomplete_bony_secondary_palate 'tongue_and_groove_maxillary-palatine_joint'; {135 136-LBG_188_Maxilla,_accessory_foramen_posterior_to_palatine_process absent present; {136 137-LBG_187_Maxilla,_superior_alveolar_foramen_position_ positioned_near_middle_of_palatine_process_and_opening_posterodorsally positioned_near_anterior_margin_of_palatine_process_and_opening_medially_or_posteromedially; {137 138-HG_138._Maxilla,_superior_alveolar_foramen enclosed_in_canal_that_opens_over_base_of_palatine_process_on_supradental_shelf_of_maxilla runs_in_open_channel_on_dorsal_surface_of_maxillary_supradental_shelf_before_becoming_enclosed_in_maxilla 'two_smaller_foramina,_one_above_base_of_palatine_process,_and_another_foramen_well_anterior_to_that'; {138 139-HG_139_Maxilla,_superior_alveolar_foramen_relative_to_anterior_base_of_palatine_process dorsal ventral; {139 140-HG_140_Maxilla,_superior_alveolar_foramen_position_relative_to_ophidian_palatine_process SAF_partly_enclosed_in_max_pal_process or_entirely_anterior_to_max_pal_process; {140 141-GKMRB_120._Maxilla_suborbital_ramus_extends_posteriorly 'to_roughly_midorbit_(or_anterior)' to_posterior_quarter_of_orbit to_posterior_edge_of_orbit 'posterior_to_orbit_(or_frontoparietal_suture)'; {141 142-GKMRB_121._Maxilla_suborbital_process_shape_below_ectopterygoid tapers_posteriorly 'widens_below_articulation_(ectopterygoid_flange_present)'; {142 143-GKMRB_122._Maxilla_-_jugal_depth_below_orbit shallow deep; {143 144-GKMRB_123._Maxilla_suborbital_process_tip_shape_at_jugal_articulation suborbital_margin_slopes_smoothly_to_tip 'with_distinct_step_or_v-shaped_notch_distally_at_jugal_articulation'; {144 145-GKMRB_124._Maxilla_posterior_process_length to_midorbit_or_longer to_anterior_half_of_orbit; {145 146-HG_146_Maxilla,_prominent_fossa_dorsally_above_fangs absent present; {146 147-GKMRB_125._Intramaxillary_joint absent present; {147 148-GKMRB_126._Prefrontal_reduction not_reduced reduced absent; {148 149-GKMRB_127._Prefrontal_broadly_overlaps_frontal_posterodorsally absent present; {149 150-GKMRB_128._Prefrontal_orbitonasal_margin_in_x-section slopes_ventrolaterally vertical slopes_ventromedially extends_beneath_subolfactory_processes extends_to_near_contact_with_its_opposite_on_midline; {150 151-GKMRB_129._Prefrontal_posterior_extent_along_orbital_margin terminates_in_anterior_half_of_orbit extends_to_midorbit extends_posterior_to_midorbit; {151 152-GKMRB_130._Prefrontal_boss absent present in_projecting_canthal_crest; {152 153-GKMRB_131._Prefrontal_nasolacrimal_cornu absent present; {153 154-ZS_23_Prefrontal_articulates_anterolaterally_with_the_frontal prefrontal_curves_smoothly_anteromedially_in_roughly_parasagittal_plane_along_lateral_margin_of_frontal prefrontal_articulates_at_anterolateral_corner_of_frontal with_process_extending_medially_across_frontal_anterior_margin_between_nasal_and_frontal; {154 155-GKMRB_132._Prefrontal_medial_extent_across_anterior_frontal prefrontal_extends_only_half_or_less_across_frontal_anterior_width extends_65%_or_less_across_frontal_anterior_width extends_75%_or_less_across_frontal_anterior_width extends_85%_or_more_across_frontal_to_approach_midline; {155 156-HG_156_Prefrontal,_anteromesial_accessory_nasal_process absent present; {156 157-GKMRB_133._Prefrontal-frontal_suture_in_x-section prefrontal_arcs_gently_about_anterolateral_frontal_margin_along_entire_anteroposterior_length 'prefrontal_strongly_bifid,_clasps_frontal_posteriorly_then_spreads_dorsally_and_reduced_ventrally_anteriorly' 'prefrontal_fits_across_frontal_width_anteriorly_into_v-shaped_notch_above_prefrontal_flange'; {157 158-GKMRB_134._Prefrontal_length_relative_to_height long_anteroposteriorly short_anteroposteriorly; {158 159-LBG_165_Prefrontal,_anterior_margin_deeply_emarginate,_with_concave_anterior_margin_(in_lateral_view) absent present; {159 160-GKMRB_135._Prefrontal-palatine_articulation 'prefrontal_narrowly_(or_not_at_all)_in_contact_with_maxilla_lateral_to_palatine' prefrontal_broadly_contacts_maxilla_supradental_shelf_lateral_to_palatine prefrontal_has_mobile_contact_with_maxilla 'rod-like_prefrontal_arched_dorsally,_bifid_at_each_end,_with_mobile_joints_at_maxilla_and_frontal_(prefrontal_functionally_part_of_upper_jaw)'; {160 161-LBG_163_Prefrontal,_shape_of_mobile_articulation_with_maxilla without_distal_notch distal_notch_fits_onto_maxillary_tab; {161 162-ZS_29_Prefrontal,_ventral_margin_of_lateral_surface_retains_only_posterior_contact_with_dorsal_surface_of_maxilla absent present; {162 163-GKMRB_136._Prefrontal_arcs_about_orbitonasal_fenestra,_with_posteroventromedial_corner_curving_inwards_toward_palatine_in_x-section absent present; {163 164-HG_164_Prefrontal_supramaxillary_shelf absent present,_roofs_maxillary_fossa and_projects_lateral_to_frontal_articulation; {164 165-GKMRB_137._Lacrimal present absent; {165 166-GKMRB_138._Lacrimal_position_relative_to_lacrimal_duct 'lacrimal_with_broad_exposure_laterally,_reaching_from_lateral_floor_of_lacrimal_duct_up_the_medial_face_of_the_maxilla_to_contact_a_lateral_process_of_the_prefrontal_that_roofs_the_lacrimal_duct_in_cross-section' 'lacrimal_arches_over_the_lacrimal_duct_to_replace_the_prefrontal_dorsally,_broadly_floors_the_lacrimal_duct_with_a_medial_process_posteriorly_passing_up_the_lateral_face_of_the_prefrontal_(Pseudopus_apodus,_anterior_close-up_cutaway_view_of_snout)' 'lacrimal_reduced_to_floor_of_lacrimal_duct_and_lingual_surface_of_maxilla,_and_barely,_if_at_all,_exposed_laterally_(' 'lacrimal_bone_reduced_ventrally,_confined_mainly_to_dorsolateral_corner_of_lacrimal_duct'; {166 167-GKMRB_139._Lacrimal_foramen_size not_large large; {167 168-GKMRB_140._Lacrimal_foramen_number one divided_on_orbital_surface divided_through_to_olfactory_surface; {168 169-GKMRB_141._Lacrimal_duct_position between_prefrontal_and_lacrimal 'enclosed_in_prefrontal,_except_ventrally' enclosed_entirely_in_prefrontal; {169 170-GKMRB_142._Jugal present absent; {170 171-GKMRB_84_Postfrontal_contribution_to_posterior_orbital_margin '<_38%' 39-52% 53-66% 67-80% >80%; {171 172-GKMRB_72_Jugal_shape_at_skull_roof_contact jugal_tapers_to_tip,_confined_to_parietal,_sometimes_just_touching_frontal jugal_with_long_process_off_apex_that_broadly_overlaps_the_frontal; {172 173-GKMRB_143._Jugal_extent_anteriorly_with_respect_to_tooth_row jugal_broadly_overlaps_level_of_posterior_maxillary_tooth_row jugal_does_not_reach_anterior_to_level_of_the_last_maxillary_tooth jugal_fails_to_reach_most_posterior_maxillary_tooth; {173 174-GKMRB_74_Postfrontal_dorsomedial_head_ undivided divided_into_two_heads; {174 175-GKMRB_86_Jugal-frontal_contact on_parietal_only contacts_frontal; {175 176-GKMRB_144._Jugal_anterior_extent broadly_separated_from_prefrontal reaches_level_of_prefrontal; {176 177-GKMRB_145._Jugal-lacrimal_overlap jugal_lateral_to_lacrimal jugal_medial_to_lacrimal jugal_ventral_to_lacrimal; {177 178-GKMRB_146._Jugal_articulation_with_maxilla_in_cross-section rounded_ventral_margin_of_jugal_and_shallow_and_more_rounded_contour_of_the_maxilla_supradental_shelf acute_ventral_margin_of_jugal_lies_in_narrow_longitudinal_groove_on_dorsal_surface_of_maxillary_supradental_shelf; {178 179-GKMRB_147._Jugal_lateral_extent_over_maxilla_in_cross-section maxilla_suborbital_border_wraps_dorsally_around_jugal_external_margin jugal_laps_over_external_suborbital_margin; {179 180-GKMRB_148._Jugal_with_inverted_v-shaped_notch_clasping_suborbital_edge_of_maxilla absent present; {180 181-GKMRB_149._Jugal_lateral_exposure_below_orbit absent partly_exposed_above_orbital_margin_of_maxilla entirely_exposed_above_orbital_margin_of_maxilla; {181 182-GKMRB_150._Jugal_suborbital_ramus_height shallow deep; {182 183-GKMRB_151._Jugal_suborbital_boss absent present; {183 184-GKMRB_152._Jugal_postorbital_ramus_development complete_bony_postorbital_bar incomplete_bony_postorbital_bar bony_postorbital_bar_absent; {184 185-GKMRB_153._Jugal_postorbital_ramus_shape_in_lateral_outline narrow wide; {185 186-GKMRB_154._Jugal_contacts_squamosal present absent; {186 187-GKMRB_155._Jugal_posterior_process complete_lower_temporal_bar reduced_to_a_discrete_bony_posterior_process lost_entirely; {187 188-GKMRB_156._Jugal_posterior_process_orientation more_posterior_in_orientation more_ventral_in_orientation; {188 189-GKMRB_157._Jugal_medial_ridge_pronounced 'medial_ridge_weak,_jugal_lateral_to_ectopterygoid_at_base_in_dorsal_view' 'medial_ridge_pronounced,_base_of_medial_ridge_projects_behind_ectopterygoid_base_in_dorsal_view'; {189 190-GKMRB_158._Jugal_cross-section_at_level_of_ectopterygoid subtriangular depressed; {190 191-HG_191_Jugal_contacts_parietal absent present; {191 192-HG_192_Jugal_suborbital_process present absent; {192 193-HG_193_Jugal_-_Maxilla_suture firmly_sutured_ weekly_sutured_via_ligamentous_connection; {193 194-HG_194_Jugal_articulation_relative_to_parietal_lateral_wings dorsal ventral both,_jugal_clasps_lateral_wing; {194 195-HG_195_Jugal_overlaps_parietal present absent,_jugal_entirely_lateral_to_parietal; {195 196-GKMRB_159._Squamosal present absent; {196 197-GKMRB_160._Squamosal_supratemporal_ramus_length_relative_to_epipterygoid_position squamosal_does_not_extend_anterior_to_level_of_epipterygoid squamosal_extends_anterior_to_level_of_epipterygoid; {197 198-GKMRB_161._Squamosal_temporal_ramus_-_parietal_contact temporal_ramus_diverges_from_parietal_supratemporal_process temporal_ramus_broadly_contacts_parietal_supratemporal_process; {198 199-GKMRB_162._Squamosal_base_of_temporal_ramus diverges_from_parietal lies_against_parietal; {199 200-GKMRB_163._Squamosal_temporal_ramus_width slender widens_anteriorly_with_medial_shelf_along_parietal_that_roofs_posterior_end_of_upper_temporal_fenestra; {200 201-GKMRB_164._Squamosal_temporal_ramus_shape compressed depressed; {201 202-GKMRB_165._Squamosal_ascending_process fully_developed reduced_to_nub absent; {202 203-HG_203_Squamosal_with_distinct_transverse_facet_for_quadrate_head present absent,_abutting_at_tip_only; {203 204-GKMRB_166._Supratemporal present lost; {204 205-GKMRB_167._Supratemporal_shortens 'supratemporal_longer_than_squamosal-parietal_contact' 'supratemporal_shorter_than_squamosal-parietal_contact' supratemporal_very_small; {205 206-GKMRB_168._Supratemporal_lengthens stops_short_of_level_of_parietal_notch subequal_in_anterior_extent_with_level_of_parietal_notch anterior_to_level_of_parietal_notch; {206 207-GKMRB_169._Supratemporal_anterior_suture_with_parietal_shape supratemporal_lies_flat_against_supratemporal_process_of_parietal enters_slot_in_supratemporal_process_of_parietal; {207 208-GKMRB_170._Supratemporal_position_on_parietal partly_ventral partly_ventrolateral all_lateral 'dorsal_(on_either_parietal_or_braincase_alone)'; {208 209-HG_209_Supratemporal_articulation firm_osseous_connection_to_skull loose_fibrous_connection_to_skull; {209 210-GKMRB_171_Supratemporal_anterior_terminus_(Tchernov_et_al.,_2000) posterior_to_level_of_trigeminal_nerve_exit anterior_to_level_of_trigeminal_nerve_exit; {210 211-GKMRB_172_Supratemporal_overlaps_parietal_table_(only_in_snakes_without_supratemporal_process_of_the_parietal) supratemporal_on_braincase_only_in_snakes_without_supratemporal_process_of_parietal 'supratemporal_extends_anteriorly_to_overlap_parietal_table_(not_scored_in_snakes_with_reduced_or_absent_supratemporal)'; {211 212-GKMRB_173_Supratemporal_orientation forward_from_quadrate_head up_from_quadrate_head; {212 213-GKMRB_174._Supratemporal_free_posteriorly supratemporal_ends_near_attachment_to_braincase 'extends_freely_posterior_to_oto-occipital'; {213 214-GKMRB_175._Supratemporal_hidden_in_dorsal_view supratemporal_at_least_partly_exposed_dorsally_on_lateral_side_of_parietal_supratemporal_process 'slender_and_hidden_completely_from_view_by_parietal_-_squamosal_contact_dorsally'; {214 215-GKMRB_176._Supratemporal_posterior_exposure_on_parietal_supratemporal_process narrow_or_absent present_broadly; {215 216-GKMRB_181._Quadratojugal present absent; {216 217-GKMRB_177._Quadrate_head_attachment 'tapering_peg-like_head_loosely_attached_in_socket_formed_largely_by_squamosal' quadrate_head_pivots_on_slender_tapering_tip_of_squamosal bluntly_abuts_supratemporal_and_squamosal; {217 218-GKMRB_178._Quadrate_head_suspension 'supratemporal_and_squamosal_separate_quadrate_head_from_braincase_(except_narrowly_beneath_tip_of_supratemporal)' quadrate_head_abuts_braincase_ventral_to_supratemporal quadrate_head_broadly_contacts_braincase_anteriorly; {218 219-GKMRB_179._Quadrate_suprastapedial_process absent present; {219 220-ZS_72_quadrate_broad,_with_subrectangular_shape absent present; {220 221-GKMRB_180._Quadrate_lateral_conch present absent; {221 222-GKMRB_182._Quadrate-pterygoid_overlap extensive short_overlap_or_small_lappet very_narrow_overlap_or_lappet_absent 'no_overlap,_ligamentous_connection_only'; {222 223-GKMRB_183._Quadrate_accessory_process_arising_off_anteromedial_edge_near_quadrate_head_abuts_braincase_in_region_of_horizontal_semicircular_canal absent present; {223 224-GKMRB_184._Quadrate_stylohyal_process_on_medial_face_of_quadrate absent present_as_oval_disc present_as_narrow_cylindrical_ridge; {224 225-GKMRB_185._Quadrate_to_braincase_ratio_(braincase_depth_measured_from_near_the_quadrate_head) less_than_50% 50-59% 60-69% 70-74% more_than_79%; {225 226-GKMRB_186._Quadrate_pythonomorph 'bowed_more_or_less,_but_not_in_both_lateral_and_posterior_views_(Uranoscodon_superciliosus,_lateral_close-up_of_temporal_region)' 'massive,_and_strongly_bowed_anteriorly_in_lateral_view_and_laterally_in_posterior_view,_throughout_length,_and_with_prominent_ventrally-directed_suprastapedial_process_forming_cavum_tympani'; {226 227-GKMRB_187._Quadrate_foramen_size large small tiny; {227 228-GKMRB_188._Quadrate_slopes_anteroventrally_(more_than_90o__=_anterior_slope_from_quadrate_head) vetical_to_posterior_slope 94-107_degrees 108-121_degrees 122-135_degrees more_than_or_equal_to_136_degrees; {228 229-GKMRB_189._Quadrate_slopes_posteroventrally_(less_than_90o__=_posterior_slope_from_quadrate_head) vertical_to_anterior_slope_(87-93_degrees) 86-68_degrees 67-49_degrees 48-31_degrees less_than_30_degrees; {229 230-HG_230_Quadrate,_proximal_head_with_prominent_anterior_process absent present; {230 231-HG_231_Quadrate,_lateral_crest_off_head_boarders_ventral_fossa__ absent present; {231 232-HG_232_Quadrate,_rod-like absent present with_triangular_dorsal_process_distally; {232 233-GKMRB_190._Stapes_traversed_by_stapedial_artery imperforate perforate; {233 234-GKMRB_191_Stapes,_shaft_length longer_than_diameter_of_stapedial_footplate equal_to_or_shorter_than_stapedial_footplate; {234 235-ZS_77_Stapes,_shaft_bent_at_base straight bent_at_base; {235 236-GKMRB_192._Stapedial_footplate_size small large; {236 237-GKMRB_193._Stapedial_footplate_size_relative_to_fenestra_ovalis does_not_fill_fenestra_ovalis fills_fenestra_ovalis; {237 238-HG_238_Stapedial_footplate_orientation_at_base_of_shaft lateral_edge_of_footplate_well_anterior_to_medial 'lateral_edge_of_footplate_nearly_in_same_x-sectional_plane_as_medial_edge'; {238 239-GKMRB_194._Fenestra_ovalis_orientation opens_directly_laterally opens_anterolaterally opens_ventrolaterally 'opens_posterolaterally_(dorsolaterally)'; {239 240-GKMRB_195._Extracolumella present absent; {240 241-GKMRB_196._Septomaxilla present lost; {241 242-GKMRB_197._Septomaxilla_dorsolateral_contacts no_contacts abuts_laterally_with_prefrontal_and_nasal abuts_laterally_with_nasal_only abuts_laterally_with_prefrontal_only; {242 243-GKMRB_198._Septomaxilla_anterior_end meets_maxilla_in_immovable_joint 'mobile,_septomaxilla_not_contacting_maxilla'; {243 244-GKMRB_199._Septomaxilla_position_relative_to_vomeronasal_organ 'occupies_a_lateral_position,_not_contributing_to_nasal_cavity_or_to_roofing_of_vomeronasal_organ' 'occupies_a_more_medial_position,_contributing_to_nasal_cavity_and_roofing_vomeronasal_organ'; {244 245-GKMRB_200._Dorsal_expansion_of_septomaxilla 'flat_or_weakly_convex,_vomeronasal_organ_small' 'expanded_and_convex,_reflecting_large_size_of_vomeronasal_organ'; {245 246-HG_246_Septomaxilla_exposure_dorsally septomaxilla_covered_by_nasal_or_only_slightly_exposed_dorsally_lateral_to_nasal_margin septomaxilla_broadly_exposed_dorsally_below_nasal; {246 247-GKMRB_201._Septomaxilla_contacts_dorsal_surface_of_palatal_shelf_of_maxilla absent present; {247 248-GKMRB_202._Septomaxilla_divides_vomeronasal_organ absent present; {248 249-GKMRB_203._Septomaxilla_long_posterodorsally-directed,_blade-like_process_(medial_flange)_nearly_to_frontal absent 'present,_but_nasal_intercedes_between_septomaxilla_and_frontal' extends_to_frontal_beneath_nasal develops_an_expanded_faceted_articulation_with_the_frontal; {249 250-GKMRB_204._Septomaxilla_lateral_flange absent present reaches_well_above_roof_of_vomeronasal_organ; {250 251-ZS_10_Septomaxilla_lateral_flange_apex_widely_separated_from_lateral_margin_of_nasal_in_dorsal_view_ absent present; {251 252-ZS_17_Septomaxilla_lateral_flange_relative_to_VNO_opening_ posterior_base_of_lateral_flange_located_at_or_behind_palatal_opening_of_VNO posterior_base_of_lateral_flange_distinctly_cranial_to_VNO; {252 253-GKMRB_205._Septomaxilla_medial_flange absent present; {253 254-HG_254_Septomaxilla_lateral_flange_base_length_relative_to_lateral_margin_length broad-based,_more_than_one_third_lateral_margin narrow-based_anteriorly narrow-based_posteriorly; {254 255-HG_255_Septomaxilla_anterolateral_tip_shape tapers_down_smoothly_to_tip with_conspicuous_hook-like_process_; {255 256-GKMRB_206._Septomaxilla,_median_flange_along_skull_midline 'short,_not_reaching_level_of_prefrontal' 'long,_extends_posteriorly_to_anteroposterior_level_of_anterior_margin_of_prefrontal'; {256 257-GKMRB_207._Septomaxilla_posterior_process_on_laterally_ascending_flange short_or_absent 'long,_extends_posteriorly_deep_to_prefrontals'; {257 258-GKMRB_208._Nervus_ethmoidalis_medialis above_septomaxilla enclosed_in_septomaxilla_anteriorly in_anterior_half_of_septomaxilla enclosed_posteriorly_in_septomaxilla; {258 259-GKMRB_209._Vomeronasal_organ_fungiform_body simple_diverticulum_of_nasal_capsule 'completely_separated_from_nasal_capsule,_with_fungiform_body'; {259 260-HG_260_Vomerine_concha_that_supports_the_mushroom_body_ unossified_except_at_base ossified_fully; {260 261-HG_261_Vomerine_concha_mushroom_body_ossification_degree weak prominent; {261 262-HG_262_Vomerine_concha_ossified_mushroom_body_extent_posteriorly_relative_to_vomeronasal_opening terminates_two_thirds_or_less_of_length_of_vomeronasal_opening reaches_to_level_of_posterior_quarter_or_more_of_vomeronasal_opening_; {262 263-HG_263_Vomer_lateral_wall_of_capsule_anterior_extent_relative_to_vomerine_concha lateral_capsular_wall_terminates_posterior_to_level_of_mushroom_body lateral_capsular_wall_extends_anterior_to_level_of_base_of_mushroom_body; {263 264-HG_264_Vomer_(VNO)_fossa_anteromedial_extent_relative_to_vomeronasal_opening_ to_medial_apex_of_vomeronasal_notch anterior_to_medial_apex_of_vomeronasal_notch to_anteriormost_margin_of_vomeronasal_opening; {264 265-HG_265_Vomer_premaxillary_process_tip_shape short_projection tipped_with_finger-like_process that_approaches_end_of_septomaxilla; {265 266-HG_266_Vomer_capsule_ventral_margin_extends_further_laterally absent present; {266 267-GKMRB_210._Cupola_for_vomeronasal_organ_(even_if_only_narrowly) fenestrated_medially closed_medially; {267 268-GKMRB_211._Vomeronasal_organ_and_mushroom_body not_fully_enclosed_by_septomaxilla_and_vomer_only fully_enclosed_by_septomaxilla_and_vomer_only; {268 269-GKMRB_212._Vomer_fusion paired partly_fused fully_fused; {269 270-GKMRB_213._Vomer_length 'vomer_short,_caudal_end_extends_backwards_no_further_than_anteriormost_contact_of_palatine_with_maxilla' 'vomer_long,_caudal_end_extends_backwards_beyond_anteriormost_contact_of_palatine_with_maxilla_(or_anterior_base_of_palatine_process_of_maxilla_when_the_two_do_not_articulate_closely)'; {270 271-GKMRB_214._Vomer_shape 'main_portion_plate-like' 'main_portion_rod-like'; {271 272-GKMRB_215._Vomer_(when_looking_at_skull_in_ventral_view)_overlaps_(dorsally)_the_palatal_shelf_of_the_maxilla_behind_posterior_margin_of_opening_of_vomeronasal_organ absent present; {272 273-GKMRB_216._Vomer-maxilla_relation does_not_establish_any_sutural_contact_with_the_palatal_shelf_of_the_maxilla_behind_the_incisura_Jacobsoni establishes_narrow_contact_with_the_palatal_shelf_of_the_maxilla_behind_the_incisura_Jacobsoni establishes_broad_overlap__with_the_palatal_shelf_of_the_maxilla vomer-maxilla_contact_formed_mainly_by_tab_off_palatal_shelf_of_maxilla; {273 274-GKMRB_217.__Vomer_to_vomeronasal_organ_relation vomer_ventral_to_VNO encapsulates_VNO_posteriorly_and_medially with_margins_of_enclosing_posterior_wall_sloping_ventrolaterally further_expanded_laterally_to_completely_encapsulate_VNO_posteriorly; {274 275-GKMRB_218._Vomer_meets_septomaxilla at_posterior_margin_of_opening_of_vomeronasal_organ at_lateral_margin_of_opening_of_vomeronasal_organ; {275 276-GKMRB_219._Margin_of_vomer_at_opening_of_vomeronasal_organ flat curled_downwards; {276 277-GKMRB_220._Vomeronasal_nerve_exit dorsal_to_vomer via_canals_dorsally_on_vomer via_foramen_at_back_end_of_vomer 'via_sieve-like_arrangement_of_foramina_through_back_of_vomer'; {277 278-GKMRB_221._Vomer_degree_underlap_of_palatine just_at_tips 'extending_posteriorly_to_level_of_maxilla_-_ectopterygoid_first_contact'; {278 279-GKMRB_222._Vomer_ventral_longitudinal_ridges absent 'long_and_converge_toward_midline,_well-developed_below_vomeronasal_nerve_exit_from_septomaxilla' short_parasagittal_ridges_anteriorly_on_vomer_at_level_of_vomeronasal_duct_opening discrete_canals_anteriorly_on_vomer_delimited_by_lateral_ridges_and_median_ridge; {279 280-GKMRB_223._Vomer_septum_transversely_fenestrate absent present at_posteroventral_corner_of_vomer_septum; {280 281-GKMRB_224._Vomer_septum_(vertical_lamina)_height 'low,_not_forming_septum' partly_separating_olfactory_chambers nearly_completely_separating_olfactory_chambers_along_with_septomaxilla_and_nasal only_ventral_edge_of_septum_remains 'v-shaped_notch_separates_dorsal_and_ventral_rami_of_vomer_septum'; {281 282-GKMRB_225._Vomer_posterodorsal_margin_forms_expanded_hollow_flange absent present; {282 283-HG_283_Vomer,_dorsal_trough absent present; {283 284-GKMRB_226._Vomer_posterior_horizontal_flange_dorsally_walls_vomeronasal_organ_posteriorly absent present; {284 285-GKMRB_227._Vomer_contact_with_subolfactory_process_of_frontal absent present; {285 286-GKMRB_228._Descending_tubercle_(or_ridge)_on_vomer_at_palatine-vomer_junction absent present ridge_tubercle_present_on_vomer_and_or_adjacent_palatine; {286 287-GKMRB_229._Foramina_on_palatal_surface_of_vomers_near_midline* paired single; {287 288-GKMRB_230._Vomerine_teeth present absent; {288 289-_GKMRB_231._Palatines separated anterior_contact_only 'contact_extends_to_midpoint,_or_beyond'; {289 290-GKMRB_232._Palatine_relative_to_maxilla-lacrimal-jugal_articulation 'palatine_sits_medial_to_lacrimal_and_or_jugal_and_maxilla_in_cross-section' 'palatine_inserts_between_lacrimal_and_or_jugal_and_maxilla_in_cross-section'; {290 291-GKMRB_233._Palatine_dorsal_canal shallow_longitudinal_sulcus upturned_lateral_and_medial_edges_of_palatine_demarcate_deep_narrow_canal_ending_in_enclosed_fossa; {291 292-GKMRB_234._Palatine_vomerine_process_dorsally_on_vomer vomer_attaches_over_entire_face_of_palatine_vomerine_proces narrow_slender_tip_of_palatine_loosely_attached_to_vomer long_slender_palatine_process_clasped_in_groove_on_dorsal_surface_of_vomer ventral_edge_of_palatine_vomerine_process_attached_ligamentously_between_bifid_vomer_palatine_processes; {292 293-GKMRB_235._Palatine_vomerine_process_buttresses_vomer palatine_vomerine_process_tapers_anteromedially splays_laterally_at_tips_to_buttress_vomer_posteriorly; {293 294-GKMRB_236._Palatine_vomerine_process_passes_vomer medial_to_vomer_tines 'lateral_to_vomer_tines_(posteromedial_process_of_vomer)'; {294 295-GKMRB_237._Ventral_projections_from_anterior_end_of_palatine,_near_palatine_-_vomer_suture absent present; {295 296-GKMRB_238._Ventromedial_extension_from_maxillary_process_of_palatine_(choanal_processes_of_palatine) present_but_not_descending_ventromedially 'present_but_descending_medioventrally_to_reach_in_between_(or_close_to)_posterior_tips_of_vomers' absent; {296 297-GKMRB_239._Palatine_maxillary_process,_position_with_respect_to_posterior_end_of_palatine 'anterior_to_posterior_end_of_palatine_(last_tooth_position_posterior_to_main_axis_process)' 'at_posterior_end_of_palatine_(last_tooth_position_anterior_to_main_axis_process)'; {297 298-HG_298_Palatine_-_maxilla_articulation broad narrow_suture_at_anterolateral_margin; {298 299-HG_299_Palatine_orientation_on_pterygoid lies_in_same_plane palatine_diverges_strongly_anterodorsally; {299 300-LBG_198_Palatine_maxillary_process_-_prefrontal_contact_above_level_of_maxillary_tooth_row absent present; {300 301-GKMRB_240._Palatine_contribution_to_suborbital_fenestra 'reduced_posteromedially,_and_pterygoid_broadly_exposed_in_suborbital_fenestra' pterygoid_narrowly_enters_suborbital_fenestra palatine_fully_excludes_pterygoid_from_border_of_suborbital_fenestra; {301 302-GKMRB_241._Palatine_-_pterygoid_overlap 'palatine_overlaps_pterygoid_at_tip_and_ectopterygoid_near_base,_otherwise_lateral_in_position' 'palatine_overlaps_pterygoid_dorsally_from_lateral_to_near_medial_margin_of_pterygoid,_with_loose_abutment_laterally' 'palatine_barely_overlaps_pterygoid_laterally_and_pterygoid_does_not_extend_well_anterior_to_ectopterygoid-jugal-maxilla_juncture' 'palatine_barely_overlaps_pterygoid,_joint_nearly_horizontal' complex_pattern_of_clasping_projections; {302 303-HG_303_Palatine,_with_slot_dorsally_that_accommodates_vertical_flange_from_pterygoid absent present; {303 304-ZS_65_Palatine,_medial_overlap_with_pterygoid short long; {304 305-GKMRB_242._Palatine_anterior_dentigerous_process absent present_only_as_short_extension_of_palatine_anterior_to_maxillary_process 'present_(with_teeth)'; {305 306-ZS_60_Palatine_dentigerous_process_ventrally_overlaps_the_vomer_and_or_septomaxilla_posterolateral_to_the_opening_of_the_Jacobson_organ__ present 'palatine_dentigerous_processes_parallel_one_another_anterior_to_maxillary_process_(or_diverge_anteriorly)'; {306 307-GKMRB_243._Palatine_dentigerous_process_reduced 'long,_bearing_six_or_more_teeth' 'short,_bearing_five_or_fewer_teeth'; {307 308-GKMRB_244._Infraorbital_canal_divides_anteriorly_in_palatine single_foramen_anteriorly 'double_anteriorly,_with_medial_palatine_ramus_small_and_lateral_large'; {308 309-GKMRB_245._Infraorbital_canal_position 'lateral,_between_palatine_and_dorsal_surface_of_supradental_shelf_of_maxilla' 'medial,_entirely_in_palatine'; {309 310-GKMRB_246._Palatine_foramen absent 'present,_enters_palatine_dorsally_toward_its_anterior_end_to_pass_anteroventrolaterally_into_the_infraorbital_canal'; {310 311-GKMRB_247._Palatine,_choanal_process 'curves_medially_and_meets_the_vomer_in_a_well-defined_articular_facet' 'touches_or_abuts_the_vomer_without_articulation,_or_remains_separated_from_vomer'; {311 312-GKMRB_248._Palatine,_choanal_process forms_an_extensive_concave_surface_dorsal_to_the_ductus_nasopharyngeus 'narrows_to_form_a_curved_finger-like_process' forms_a_short_vertical_or_horizontal_lamina_that_does_not_reach_the_vomer; {312 313-GKMRB_249._Palatine simplicipalatinate incipient_duplicipalatinate intermediate fully_duplicipalatinate; {313 314-GKMRB_250._Palatine_choanal_fossa_development absent present_anteriorly_on_palatine extending_about_half_way_back_on_palatine fully_developed_to_end_of_element; {314 315-GKMRB_251._Palatine,_subchoanal_process_medial_edge_shape_in_ventral_view 'present_only_on_anterior_one-third_of_palatine' roughly_arcuate roughly_parasagittal; {315 316-GKMRB_252._Palatine,_posterior_emargination_of_anterodorsal_margin_of_choanal_fossa 'anterior_to_anteroposterior_midpoint_of_palatine-maxilla_suture' 'extends_posterior_to_anteroposterior_midpoint_of_palatine-maxilla_suture'; {316 317-GKMRB_253._Posteromedial_process_of_palatine 'long,_overlaps_at_least_two_pterygoid_teeth' 'short,_overlaps_no_more_than_one_pterygoid_tooth'; {317 318-GKMRB_254_Palatine,_discrete_planar_surface_extends_along_ventrolateral_margin_between_pterygoid_and_maxillary_sutures_lateral_to_choanal_fossa absent present; {318 319-GKMRB_255._Palatine_teeth present absent; {319 320-GKMRB_256.__Palatine_teeth_size small_conical_denticles 'enlarged,_but_smaller_than_marginal_teeth' 'highly_enlarged,_similar_in_size_to_marginal_teeth'; {320 321-GKMRB_257._Pterygoids contacting_each_other palatal_rami_fully_separated; {321 322-GKMRB_258._Pterygoid_separation_on_midline pterygoids_narrowly_separated_for_most_of_their_length 'broad_at_base,_narrow_anteriorly' 'broad_at_base,_but_not_as_narrowly_separated_anteriorly' broad_throughout_length; {322 323-GKMRB_259._Pterygoid,_palatine_ramus contacts_vomer does_not_contact_vomer; {323 '324-GKMRB 260. Pterygoid-palatine joint; length of complex pattern of projections in snakes' long medium short; {324 325-GKMRB_261._Pterygoid,_palatine_ramus_clasps_pterygoid_ramus_of_palatine absent present; {325 326-GKMRB_262._Pterygoid_transverse_process_and_ectopterygoid_(pterygoideus_muscle_insertion)_nearly_as_deep_as_mandible_(at_least_80%_mandible_depth),_and_ectopterygoid_transversely_broad,_covering_most_of_transverse_process_of_pterygoid_in_anterior_view* absent present; {326 327-GKMRB_263._Pterygoid_posterior_extent pterygoid_does_not_reach_level_of_occipital_condyle pterygoid_reaches_level_of_occipital_condyle pterygoid_reaches_well_posterior_to_level_of_occipital_condyle; {327 328-HG_328_Pterygoid_transverse_process_development 'distinct,_well-defined_lateral_projection' gently_curved_lateral_expansion_or_absent; {328 329-GKMRB_264._Pterygoid,_quadrate_ramus_short_and_small,_tightly_wrapping_around_posteromedial_(ventromedial_if_quadrate_horizontally_oriented)_surface_of_quadrate absent present; {329 330-GKMRB_265._Pterygoid,_quadrate_ramus 'robust,_rounded_or_triangular_in_cross-section,_but_without_groove' 'blade-like_and_with_distinct_longitudinal_groove_for_the_insertion_of_the_protractor_pterygoidei_muscle'; {330 331-GKMRB_266._Pterygoid,_ventral_flange_(wing-shaped_extension)_of_quadrate_ramus absent present; {331 332-HG_332_Pterygoid_quadrate_ramus_longitudinal_ventral_fossa absent ventral_longitudinal_fossa_set_off_by_ventral_ridges_at_lateral_and_medial_marigns; {332 333-HG_333_Pterygoid_quadrate_ramus_lateral_edge_curves_dorsally absent present; {333 334-HG_334_Pterygoid_quadrate_ramus_with_longitudinal_ridge_dorsolaterally_ absent present; {334 335-HG_335_Pterygoid_quadrate_ramus_dorsal_longitudinal_fossa_orientation_ faces_dorsomedially faces_medially,_C-shaped_; {335 336-HG_336_Pterygoid_quadrate_ramus_notch_near_posteroventromedially absent present_as_distinct_step_along_margin or_deeply_emarginate; {336 337-GKMRB_267._Pterygoid_teeth present absent; {337 338-GKMRB_268._Pterygoid_teeth small_conical_denticles 'enlarged,_but_smaller_than_marginal_teeth' 'highly_enlarged,_similar_in_size_to_marginal_teeth'; {338 339-GKMRB_269._Pterygoid_teeth restricted_to_palatal_ramus_of_pterygoid extend_posteriorly_onto_quadrate_ramus_of_pterygoid; {339 340-GKMRB_270._Ectopterygoid present absent; {340 341-GKMRB_271._Ectopterygoid_size_and_restriction_of_suborbital_fenestra 'ectopterygoid_relatively_slender,_fenestra_widely_open' 'ectopterygoid_enlarged_medially,_restricting_suborbital_fenestra' 'ectopterygoid_highly_enlarged_medially,_closing_suborbital_fenestra'; {341 342-GKMRB_272._Ectopterygoid_angulation_in_dorsal_view nearly_orthogonal_rami obtuse_angle; {342 343-GKMRB_273._Ectopterygoid_anterior_length well_separated_from_palatine_above_maxilla near_to_or_in_contact_with_palatine; {343 344-HG_344_Ectopterygoid,_with_slot_laterally_for_maxilla_articulation absent present; {344 345-HG_345_Ectopterygoid,_degree_of_overlap_anteriorly_across_dorsal_surface_of_maxilla narrow_overlap_dorsally broad_but_short_dorsal_overlap extensive_dorsal_overlap; {345 346-GKMRB_275._Ectopterygoid-maxilla_suture 'ectopterygoid_lies_dorsally,_at_least_in_part,_along_supradental_shelf_of_maxilla' ectopterygoid_abuts_posteromedial_corner_of_maxilla ectopterygoid_overlapping_maxilla_more_ventrally_than_dorsally interdigitating_suture; {346 347-GKMRB_276._Ectopterygoid_maxillary_process_shape_in_dorsal_view 'tapers_or_parallel-sided' widens_at_maxilla_overlap to_more_than_three_times_wider_anteriorly_relative_to_ectopterygoid_shaft; {347 348-GKMRB_277._Ectopterygoid_maxillary_process_anterior_notch 'tapers_forward_of_maxilla_contact_(or_at_least_maxillary_process_tapers_anteriorly_after_it_widens),_notch_absent' notched_anteriorly 'with_large,_rectangular,_lateral_ramus_produced_directly_laterally'; {348 349-GKMRB_279._Ectopterygoid,_lateral_edge_of_maxillary_ramus_at_maxilla_margin slopes_medially straight; {349 350-GKMRB_278._Ectopterygoid-maxilla_sutureN ectopterygoid_articulates_primarily_with_maxilla ectopterygoid_contacts_jugal_only; {350 351-GKMRB_280._Ectopterygoid,_prefrontal_and_palatine_relations ectopterygoid_does_not_underlap_palatine_posteriorly_below_prefrontal ectopterygoid_underlaps_palatine_below_prefrontal; {351 352-GKMRB_281._Ectopterygoid-palatine_ventral_articulation 'palatine-maxilla_contact_excludes_ectopterygoid' ectopterygoid_anterior_process_largely_separates_palatine_from_maxilla_posteriorly; {352 353-GKMRB_282._Ectopterygoid_hooked_posterior_process_flat_and_exposed_dorsally,_ventrally_and_laterally absent present; {353 354-GKMRB_283._Ectopterygoid_posterior_process prominent small_lateral_knob absent; {354 355-GKMRB_284._Ectopterygoid_posterior_process_lengthens does_not_extend_past_coronoid_apex extends_past_coronoid_apex; {355 356-GKMRB_285._Ectopterygoid_dorsal_process_height tall short absent; {356 357-GKMRB_286._Ectopterygoid* does_not_contact_prefrontal contacts_prefrontal_at_base_of_orbit; {357 358-LBG_200_Ectopterygoid_overlap_of_pterygoid embraces_pterygoid_anteriorly overlaps_dorsally abuts_laterally; {358 359-HG_359_Ectopterygoid_-_pterygoid_overlap,_position_of_former_relative_to_latter_at_overlap 'overlap_dorsolateral_in_position,_well_lateral_to_pterygoid_teeth' 'broad_flange_spreads_onto_dorsomedial_face_of_pterygoid,_just_above_tooth_row' 'and_caps_pterygoid_in_prominent_inverted_v-shaped_groove_near_caudal_apex'; {359 360-HG_360_Ectopterygoid_distal_tip_buttressed_by_medial_pterygoid_flange absent present prominent; {360 361-GKMRB_288._Ectopterygoid_pterygoid_process_length short 'longer,_but_still_anterior_to_trigeminal_foramen' 'longest,_extending_posterior_to_trigeminal_foramen'; {361 362-GKMRB_289._Ectopterygoid_overlap_of_pterygoid short long; {362 363-GKMRB_290._Epipterygoid present absent; {363 364-GKMRB_291._Epipterygoid,_in_resting_position 'located_lateral_to_prootic_(even_if_only_narrowly_so)' located_entirely_anterior_to_prootic; {364 365-GKMRB_292._Epipterygoid_relative_to_alar_process_of_prootic epipterygoid_anterolateral_to_prootic_alar_process epipterygoid_abuts_anteroventral_tip_of_alar_process; {365 366-GKMRB_293._Epipterygoid_shortens 'long_(reaches_nearly_to_level_of_top_of_braincase,_or_above_quadrate_head,_or_more_than_half_distance_between_pterygoid_and_parietal_table)' 'short_(reaches_only_to_level_of_quadrate_head,_barely_to_semicircular_canal,_or_half_or_less_of_distance_between_pterygoid_and_parietal_table)'; {366 367-GKMRB_294._Epipterygoid-parietal_contact absent overlaps_parietal_temporal_muscle_origin; {367 368-GKMRB_295._Epiptergyoid expanded_dorsoventrally_and_ventrally columelliform; {368 369-GKMRB_296._Braincase_fusion unfused_in_adult opisthotic_and_prootic_fused_in_adult complete_braincase_fusion_in_adult; {369 370-GKMRB_297._Processus_ascendens_of_synotic_tectum absent present; {370 371-GKMRB_298._Supraoccipital single double; {371 372-GKMRB_299._Supraoccipital_origin_of_temporal_muscles restricted_to_parietal 'spread_onto_supraoccipital_contacting_nuchal_crest_in_roughly_T-shaped_outline' 'spread_onto_supraoccipital_to_form_Y-shaped_crest' 'temporal_muscles_spread_onto_braincase_dorsally,_but_sagittal_and_nuchal_crests_join_to_form_roughly_anchor-shaped_outline'; {372 373-GKMRB_300._Supraoccipital_nuchal_crest_lateral_extent absent present_on_supraoccipital present_on_supraoccipital_and_otoccipital; {373 374-GKMRB_301._Supraoccipital_crest absent present meets_ventral_parietal; {374 375-GKMRB_302._Supraoccipital_relative_to_oto-occipital_on_midline 'overlaps_oto-occipital_laterally' 'laps_over_oto-occipital_on_midline_as_part_of_sagittal_crest' 'that_is,_in_turn,_capped_by_the_parietal,_so_that_all_three_bones_are_visible_in_cross_section'; {375 376-GKMRB_303._Supraoccipital_contribution_to_internal_sidewall_of_neurocranium participates_in_sidewall 'absent,_only_dorsal_plate_remains' dorsal_plate_absent; {376 377-GKMRB_304._Epitotic_foramen absent present; {377 378-GKMRB_305._Prootic,_alar_process small_or_absent prominent; {378 379-GKMRB_306._Prootic,_supratrigeminal_process absent 'weakly_developed,_not_projecting_beyond_cupola_anterior' 'present_as_a_finger-like_projection_above_trigeminal_notch,_projecting_beyond_cupola_anterior'; {379 380-GKMRB_307._Crista_prootica_(ridge_on_lateral_surface_of_the_prootic,_overhanging_facial_foramen) 'well-developed_lateral_flange' reduced_to_weak_ridge absent; {380 381-GKMRB_308._Crista_prootica does_not_extend_onto_basipterygoid_process extends_onto_basipterygoid_process_forming_open_or_closed_bony_canal; {381 382-GKMRB_309._Crista_prootica_aliform_in_outline_in_ventral_view_(extended_butterfly_shape) absent present 'prominent,_extending_further_laterally'; {382 383-GKMRB_310._Crista_tuberalis_and_crista_prootica separate combined_to_surround_stapedial_footplate_and_lateral_aperture_of_recessus_scalae_tympani; {383 384-ZS_80_Juxtastapedial_recess_defined_by_crista_circumfenestralis absent present_but_open_posteriorly present_and_closed_posteriorly; {384 385-HG_385_Prootic,_cranial_rim_of_crista_circumfenestralis_caudal_extent_relative_to_medial_margin_of_stapedial_footplate former_well_anterior_to_latter former_roughly_on_same_level_as_latter_in_dorsal_view_at_level_of_shaft; {385 386-ZS_81_Crista_circumfenestralis,_degree_of_enclosure_of_stapedial_footplate footplate_mostly_exposed edges_of_crista_converge_upon_stapes_to_conceal_most_of_footplate; {386 387-GKMRB_311._Crista_interfenestralis prominent reduced absent; {387 388-HG_388_Crista_interfenestralis_deeply_overlaps_stapedial_footplate_along_its_lateral_margin absent present; {388 389-GKMRB_312._Crista_tuberalis prominent reduced absent; {389 390-GKMRB_313._Facial_foramen_(lateral_exit_on_prootic_for_the_facial_or_VII_cranial_nerve) single double; {390 391-ZS_91_Exit_foramen_for_the_hyomandibular_branch_of_the_facial_nerve_is_located_inside_the_opening_for_the_mandibular_branch_of_the_trigeminal_nerve outside_via_long_canal inside_via_long_canal facial_nerve_exits_into_trigeminal_fossa_via_very_short_canal; {391 392-GKMRB_314._Prootic_participates_in_medial_aperture_of_the_recessus_scala_tympani_(MARST) absent prootic_forms_part_of_MARST; {392 393-GKMRB_315._Posterior_auditory_foramen 'bordered_by_opisthotic_(oto-occipital)_posteromedially' enclosed_entirely_in_prootic; {393 394-GKMRB_316._Orbitosphenoid,_calcified/ossified absent present expanded_to_floor_the_braincase; {394 395-GKMRB_317._Orbitosphenoid well_developed reduced; {395 396-GKMRB_318._Orbitosphenoid paired 'single_(fused_ventrally)'; {396 397-GKMRB_319._Optic_foramen present absent; {397 398-GKMRB_320._Optic_foramen not_fully_enclosed_by_bone enclosed_partly_or_entirely_by_frontals entirely_within_orbitosphenoid entirely_within_parietal; {398 399-HG_399_Optic_foramen_size small_or_medium_sized_foramen large_fenestra; {399 400-GKMRB_321._Trigeminal_foramen_or_foramina anterior_margin_not_enclosed_in_bone anterior_margin_enclosed_by_descending_flange_of_parietal anterior_margin_enclosed_by_orbitosphenoid enclosed_by_prootic; {400 401-GKMRB_322._Trigeminal_nerve_maxillary_branch 'pierces_the_lateral_(maxillary)_process_of_the_palatine' passes_dorsally_between_the_palatine_and_the_prefrontal; {401 402-GKMRB_323._Ophidiosphenoid_(equals_laterosphenoid_or_pleurosphenoid) absent present; {402 403-HG_403_Retractor_pits_in_dosum_sellae present 'absent,_retractor_bulbi_muscles_absent'; {403 404-GKMRB_324._Dorsum_sellae_shape_in_longitudinal_cross-section 'crista_sellaris_forms_posterior_wall,_usually_low_and_vertically_disposed_with_more_or_less_anterior_slope' 'dorsum_sellae_poorly_differentiated_with,_at_most,_shallow_fossa_with_low_crista_sellaris' 'enclosed_in_distinct_fossa,_a_cup-like_depression_walled_laterally_and_ventrally_by_the_basisphenoid_and_anteriorly_by_the_parasphenoid_rostrumN' 'completely_enclosed_tube-like_dorsum_sellae'; {404 405-GKMRB_325._Dorsum_sella_fossa_roofed_posteriorly_by_crista_sellaris_(not_scored_in_species_with_reduced/absent_crista_sellaris) fossa_only_modestly_roofed_by_crista_sellaris roofing_more_extensive_over_deep_fossa; {405 406-GKMRB_326._Sphenoidal_keel absent present_below_dorsum_sellae deep_keel; {406 407-HG_407_Sphenoid_rostrum_ventrolateral_margin_at_distal_tip tapers_to_a_point distinctly_bifid_; {407 408-GKMRB_327a_Sphenoid_rostrum_with_prominent_ventrolaterally_directed_alae absent prsent; {408 409-GKMRB_327b_Sphenoid_rostrum,_trabeculae_relative_to_midline_ trabecular_bases_wide_set close_set; {409 410-GKMRB_327c_Sphenoid_rostrum_trabecular_grooves poorly_delimited_along_fronto-parasphenoid_contact prominently_delimited_over_most_of_rostrum; {410 411-GKMRB_327d_Sphenoid_rostrum_dorsal_margin_shape not arrowhead-shaped_where_clasped_by_suboptic_ridges_on_subolfactory_processes; {411 412-HG_412_Sphenoid_rostrum_broadly_exposed_dorsally_between_frontal_subolfactory_processes absent present; {412 413-HG_413_Sphenoid_rostrum_dorsal_surface_flat_against_base_of_frontal_subolfactory_processes_between_descending_laminae_ absent present; {413 414-ZS_102_Sphenoid_rostrum_behind_optic_foramen_narrow absent present; {414 415-ZS_98_Sphenoid-basioccipital_suture_transversely_crested absent present; {415 416-ZS_95_Sphenoid_lateral_wings_scored_as_per absent present; {416 417-HG_417_Crista_trabeculares_development_on_expanded_sphenoid_rostrum short_and_or_indistinct elongate_and_distinct_in_lateral_view; {417 418-GKMRB_328._Cultriform_process_(sphenoid_rostrum)_length_() long short absent; {418 419-GKMRB_329._Vidian_canal_rostral_opening roofed_by_parietal exits_via_parasphenoid_rostrum_only; {419 420-HG_420_Vidian_canal,_number_anterior_openings_in_main_ramus one two; {420 421-ZS_92_(modified)_Vidian_canal,_intracranial_course_anteriorly,_running_atop_lateral_margin_of_rostrum_to_exit_between_parietal_and_sphenoid absent present; {421 422-GKMRB_330a_Right_Vidian_canal_posterior_size_ small large; {422 423-GKMRB_330b_Left_Vidian_canal_posterior_size small large; {423 424-GKMRB_331._Trabeculae_cranii tropibasic platybasic; {424 425-GKMRB_332._Basipterygoid_process_(and_synovial_palatobasal_articulation) 'present,_formed_by_ossified_basitrabecular_process' 'present,_formed_by_outgrowth_from_parabasisphenoid_(no_basitrabecular_process_known;_synovial_palatobasal_articulation_absent)' basipterygoid_process_absent; {425 426-GKMRB_333._Basipterygoid_process 'long,_i.e.,_projecting_far_beyond_the_body_of_the_basisphenoid' 'short,_i.e.,_not_projecting_very_far_beyond_the_body_of_the_basisphenoid'; {426 427-GKMRB_334._Basipterygoid_process not_expanded_at_distal_end distal_end_expanded; {427 428-GKMRB_335._Sesamoid_bone_at_basipterygoid-pterygoid_articulation* absent present; {428 429-GKMRB_336._Vidian_canal_formed_by_the_basisphenoid_enclosing_the_internal_carotid_artery,_and_the_base_of_the_palatine_artery,_as_they_pass_over_the_basipterygoid_process absent present; {429 430-GKMRB_337._Vidian_canal_caudal_opening within_basisphenoid 'anterior_margin_at_basisphenoid-prootic_suture' entirely_within_prootic 'the_dibamid-amphisbaenian_condition'; {430 431-HG_431_Vidian_canal,_caudal_entrance_position_relative_to_lateral_margin_of_sphenoid 'laterally_placed,_near_sphenoid_lateral_edge_or_further_posteriorly' 'medially_placed,_far_from_sphenoid_lateral_edge'; {431 432-GKMRB_338._Carotid_artery_exits_rostral_end_of_Vidian_canal 'at_same_level_(or_slightly_above)_as_the_remnant_of_the_embryonic_neurocranial_trabeculae' below_the_level_of_the_remnant_of_the_embryonic_neurocranial_trabeculae; {432 433-ZS_41_The_parietal_margin_of_the_optic_foramen_is_concave_(i.e._the_parietal_is_notched_by_the_optic_foramen) absent present; {433 434-GKMRB_339._Basal_tubera_position 'posterolateral,_with_apex_on_lateral_edge_of_basioccipital_just_behind_base_of_prooticopisthotic_suture' 'anteromedial,_with_apex_at_lateral_juncture_of_sphenoid_and_basioccipital,_anterior_and_medial_to_prootic-opisthotic_suture'; {434 435-GKMRB_340._Apophyseal_ossification_(Element_X)_caps_basal_tubera absent present; {435 436-GKMRB_341._Occipital_condyle posterior_surface_of_condyle_straight_in_ventral_view posterior_surface_of_condyle_concave_in_ventral_view; {436 437-GKMRB_342._Basioccipital contributes_to_ventral_border_of_foramen_magnum excluded_from_ventral_border_of_foramen_magnum_by_contact_of_exoccipitals; {437 438-ZS_104_The_basioccipital_meets_the_sphenoid_in_a_suture_located_at_the_level_of 'fenestra_ovale_(behind_facial_foramen)' facial_foramen 'trigeminal_foramen_(foramina)'; {438 439-HG_439_Occipital_condyle_shape_in_cross_section 'not_circular,_with_deep_notochordal_depression_dorsally_Anilius' 'more_circular_in__section,_with_shallow_notochordal_notch_dorsally_Anomochilus' 'circular,_without_notch_dorsally_Uropeltis'; {439 440-GKMRB_343._Basioccipital_ventral_keel absent crest keel; {440 441-GKMRB_344._Medial_aperture_of_the_recessus_scala_tympani between_basioccipital_and_opisthotic entirely_in_opisthotic; {441 442-HG_442_Recessus_scalae_tympani_floor formed_by_basioccipital 'formed_by_oto-occipital'; {442 443-GKMRB_345._Cranial_nerve_IX_exits_braincase_via 'MARST_internally_and_lateral_aperture_of_recessus_scala_tympani_(LARST)_externally' exits_dorsal_to_MARST_then_out_LARST; {443 444-GKMRB_346._Cranial_nerve_IX_exits_braincase_via foramen_magnum laterally_via_LARST 'posteriorly_via_vagus_(=jugular)_foramen'; {444 445-GKMRB_347._Medial_aperture_of_the_recessus_scalae_tympani_subdivided,_IX_cranial_nerve_exits_posteriorly absent 'large_oval_MARST_undivided,_with_IX_cranial_nerve_exiting_at_posterodorsal_end' 'MARST_divided_into_anterior_and_posterior_openings_by_bony_process,_with_IX_cranial_nerve_exiting_via_posterodorsal_foramen'; {445 446-GKMRB_348._Vagus_foramen_(jugular_foramen_in_other_amniotes)_far_from_medial_aperture_of_the_recessus_scalae_tympani with_hypoglossal_foramina_lying_below_and_between_them_medially 'vagus_foramen_closer_to_MARST,_with_hypoglossal_foramina_extending_posterior_to_vagus'; {446 447-GKMRB_349._Hypoglossal_(XII)_foramina_exit(s)_relative_to_vagus_(X_XI)_foramen_on_external_surface_of_braincase hypoglossal_foramina_separated_from_vagus at_least_one_hypoglossal_foramen_emerges_from_the_same_fossa_as_the_vagus_foramen only_one_hypoglossal_foramen_still_exits_separately_from_the_vagus_foramen_fossa all_three_hypoglossals_emerge_from_the_same_fossa_as_the_vagus_foramen; {447 448-_ZS_83_Vagus_(jugular)_foramen_concealed_in_lateral_view_by_crista_tuberalis absent present; {448 449-GKMRB_350._Lateral_aperture_of_recessus_scalae_tympani open small closed; {449 450-GKMRB_351._Perilymphatic_foramen_faces ventrally medially laterally posteriorly; {450 451-GKMRB_352._Opisthotic-exoccipital_fusion_to_form_oto-occipital incompletely_fused_or_separate_in_adult 'completely_fused_early_in_post-hatching_ontogeny'; {451 452-GKMRB_353._Oto-occipitals_(exoccipital_part)_contact_above_foramen_magnum_to_exclude_supraoccipital absent present; {452 453-HG_453_Oto-occipitals,_broadly_in_contact,_covering_occipital_condyle_in_dorsal_view absent present instead_of_being_transverse,_the_oto-occipital_posterior_margin_slopes_anteriorly_to_re-expose_occipital_condyle; {453 454-ZS_52_Supratemporal_facet_on_otooccipital_is_sculptured_and_delineated_with_projecting_posterior_rim_that_overhangs_exoccipital absent 'present_(scored_per_ZS)'; {454 455-ZS_85_Oto-occipital_posterolateral_processes_development 'short_and_narrow,_do_not_extend_toward_posterior_margin_of_occipital_condyle' 'wider_than_condyle_and_long,_combine_with_crista_tuberalis_to_extend_to_approximate_posterior_margin_of_occipital_condyle'; {455 456-GKMRB_354._Metotic_fissure open subdivided_by_contact_of_basal_plate_and_otic_capsule; {456 457-ZS_79_Paroccipital_process_of_otooccipital_projection paroccipital_process_well_developed reduced_or_absent; {457 458-GKMRB_355._Mandibular_symphysis anterior_tips_of_dentary_with_distinct_flat_symphyseal_area anterior_tips_of_dentary_smoothly_rounded_and_without_distinct_symphyseal_area; {458 459-HG_459_Dentary,_orientation_in_cross_section more_or_less_vertical more_nearly_horizontal; {459 460-HG_460_Mandible,_curvature_in_lateral_view straight_to_weakly_bowed conspicuously_bowed; {460 461-GKMRB_356._Dentary_anterodorsal_edge_of_dental_parapet_at_tip straight tipped_medially; {461 462-GKMRB_357._Dentary_bowed_ventrally_along_long_axis straight_to_slightly_bowed distinctly_bowed_ventrally; {462 463-GKMRB_358._Dentary_overlaps_postdentary_bones_laterally extensive reduced; {463 464-GKMRB_359._Dentary_suspended_from 'overlapping_parts_of_coronoid,_surangular,_prearticular,_splenial_and_angular' surangular prearticular; {464 465-HG_465_(ex_LBG_173)_Dentary,_relative_length_of_rami_forming_kinetic_notch 'ventral_ramus_conspicuously_shorter_than_dorsal_(by_at_least_4_tooh_positions)_Afronatrix' with_dorsal_and_ventral_rami_subequal_in_length_posteriorly_Calabaria ventral_ramus_conspicuously_longer_than_dorsal_ramus; {465 466-GKMRB_360._Dentary_subdental_shelf/gutter_development_in_anterior_part_of_dentary subdental_shelf_absent weakly_developed_subdental_shelf pronounced_subdental_gutter; {466 467-LBG_215-216_Dentary,_lingual_margin_subdental_surface_below_gutter narrow_throughout_length 'deep_anteriorly,_narrow_posteriorly' deep_anteriorly_and_posteriorly; {467 468-GKMRB_361._Dentary,_number_of_mental_foramina_on_lateral_surface none one two three four_or_more; {468 469-GKMRB_362._Dentary,_size_of_posteriormost_mental_foramen same_size_as_others enlarged_relative_to_others; {469 470-GKMRB_363._Dentary_mental_foramen_position near_tip_of_dentary displaced_caudally displaced_further_caudally; {470 471-GKMRB_364._Dentary_coronoid_process_posterior_termination 'below_(or_anterior)_to_level_of_coronoid_apex' just_behind_level_of_coronoid_apex well_posterior_to_level_of_coronoid_apex; {471 472-GKMRB_365._Dentary_subdental_shelf_hooks_around_anterior_rim_of_the_anterior_inferior_alveolar_foramen absent present; {472 473-GKMRB_366._Dentary_surangular_process lies_flat_against_the_dorsolateral_face_of_the_surangular_below_the_coronoid 'set_in_a_posterodorsally_trending_groove,_open_dorsally,_that_supports_it_from_below_on_the_dorsolateral_face_of_the_surangular_below_the_coronoid' 'set_in_deep_V-shaped,_laterally-facing_recess_on_dorsolateral_face_of_surangular_behind_coronoid'; {473 474-GKMRB_367._Dentary_coronoid_process_posterodorsal_extension absent_or_with_only_small_dorsal_extension 'large,_but_extending_between_lateral_and_medial_processes_of_coronoid' 'large,_but_extending_dorsally_to_overlap_most_of_anterolateral_surface_of_coronoid' 'extremely_well_developed,_covering_almost_entire_lateral_surface_of_coronoid'; {474 475-GKMRB_368._Dentary_angular_process_reduced angular_process_extends_to_or_past_coronoid_apex anterior_to_coronoid_apex anterior_to_level_of_coronoid_bone; {475 476-LBG_210_Dentary,_angular_process_termination_relative_to_splenio-angular_joint 'anterior_to_splenio-angular_joint' 'posterior_to_splenio-angular_joint' 'well_posterior_to_splenio-angular_joint'; {476 477-LBG_209_Dentary,_broad,_flat_angular_process_lies_beneath_mandible,_nearly_horizontally_diposed_in_vivo absent present; {477 478-GKMRB_369._Dentary_posterior_termination_on_lateral_face_of_mandible 'below_(or_anterior_to)_level_of_coronoid_apex' just_posterior_to_coronoid_apex well_posterior_to_level_of_coronoid_apex nearly_to_posterior_surangular_foramen; {478 479-HG_479_Dentary,_V-shaped_kinetic_surangular_notch absent present; {479 480-GKMRB_370._Dentary_angular_process_prominently_bifid absent present; {480 481-LBG_212_Dentary,_medioventral_crest absent present; {481 482-GKMRB_371._Meckels_canal opens_medially_for_most_of_length opens_ventrally_anterior_to_anterior_inferior_alveolar_foramen; {482 483-GKMRB_372._Dentary_restricts_Meckels_canal does_not_restrict_or_enclose_Meckelian_canal lower_dentary_border_of_Meckel's_canal_folds_up_to_approach_closely_upper_border_to_restrict_canal upper_and_lower_borders_form_sutural_contact_anterior_to_splenial Meckel's_canal_closed_and_fused_anterior_to_splenial; {483 484-GKMRB_373._Splenial_attachment_to_dentary_above_Meckels_canal close_throughout_length 'loose,_with_dorsal_dentary_suture_confined_to_posterodorsal_corner_of_splenial'; {484 485-_LBG_222_Splenial,_extent_contact_to_dentary_posterodorsally 'broadly_separated_cranial_to_aiaf,_and_broadly_articulated_caudally' narrowly_articulated_caudally little_or_no_contact_caudally; {485 486-GKMRB_374._Splenial present_as_separate_element fused_to_prearticular fused_to_dentary lost; {486 487-GKMRB_375._Splenial_anterior_extent 'around_one-third_(or_less)_length_relative_to_dentary_tooth_row' 'about_one-half' 'about_two-thirds' 'three-fourths_(or_more)'; {487 488-GKMRB_376._Splenial_posterior_extent extends_posteriorly_to_or_beyond_apex_of_coronoid does_not_extend_posteriorly_to_apex_of_coronoid; {488 489-GKMRB_377._Splenial-angular_articulation splenial_overlaps_angular 'with_ball_on_splenial_(below_level_of_posterior_mylohyoid_foramen)_fitting_into_socket_on_angular' with_ball_on_angular_fitting_into_socket_on_splenial 'flat,_abutting_joint'; {489 490-GKMRB_378._Splenial_anterior_inferior_alveolar_foramen_(aiaf)_position_relative_to_dentary enclosed_entirely_in_splenial between_splenial_and_dentary; {490 491-HG_491_Splenial,_anterior_inferior_alveolar_foramen present absent; {491 492-GKMRB_379._Splenial_anterior_inferior_alveolar_foramen_position_relative_to_anterior_mylohyoid_foramen anterodorsal dorsal_to_posterodorsal; {492 493-GKMRB_380._Angular present absent; {493 494-GKMRB_381._Angular_posterior_extent reaches_mandibular_condyle does_not_reach_mandibular_condyle; {494 495-LBG_227_Angular_length_posteriorly_(182_Longrich) more_than_half_way_to_mandibular_condyle one_half_or_less_of_distance_to_mandiblar_condyle one_third_or_less_distance_to_mandibular_condyle; {495 496-GKMRB_382._Angular_taller_anteriorly,_closely_approaching_coronoid_(or,_if_coronoid_absent,_tooth-bearing_margin_of_dentary_above_Meckelian_canal) 'absent,_angular_broadly_separated_from_coronoid' present 'with_finger-like_process_over-arching_Meckel?s_canal'; {496 497-GKMRB_383._Angular_medial_exposure_(relative_degree_of_medial_exposure_scored_with_the_teeth_pointing_straight_up) broad reduced narrow; {497 498-GKMRB_384._Posterior_mylohyoid_foramen_position absent medial ventral lateral; {498 499-GKMRB_385._Posterior_mylohyoid_foramen_position_relative_to_coronoid_apex below posterior anterior; {499 500-GKMRB_386._Coronoid_eminence present reduced absent; {500 501-GKMRB_387._Coronoid_eminence_composition formed_by_both_surangular_and_coronoid formed_exclusively_by_coronoid formed_exclusively_by_surangular; {501 502-GKMRB_388._Coronoid_anteromedial_process_fits_into_sulcus_beneath_tooth-bearing_border_of_dentary_(at_or_behind_end_of_tooth_row) absent present 'and_wraps_around_ventral_margin_of_dentary_tooth-bearing_border_at_apex_posteriorly'; {502 503-GKMRB_389._Coronoid_bone 'present,_well_developed' 'present,_small_and_straplike' absent; {503 504-GKMRB_390._Coronoid-surangular_articulation coronoid_restricted_to_medial_aspect_of_mandible coronoid_extends_onto_dorsal_surface_of_surangular coronoid_arches_over_dorsal_margin_of_mandible_to_reach_lateral_face_of_surangular; {504 505-GKMRB_391._Coronoid,_anteromedial_process present absent; {505 506-GKMRB_392._Coronoid,_anteromedial_ventral_margin_(at/behind_end_of_tooth_row) overlapped_by_splenial abuts_splenial does_not_contact_splenial; {506 507-GKMRB_393._Coronoid,_posteromedial_process absent present; {507 508-GKMRB_394._Coronoid,_anterolateral_dentary_process absent present overlaps_dentary_tooth_row_deeply; {508 509-GKMRB_395._Coronoid,_anterolateral_dentary_process_shape extends_anteroventrally_and_smoothly_tapers_into_dentary 'extends_anteriorly,_with_dorsal_and_ventral_margins_more_parallel_sided,_terminating_in_a_blunt_edge_anteriorly'; {509 510-GKMRB_396._Surangular_inserts_into_dentary_lateral_to_the_intramandibular_septum,_entering_the_intramandibular_canal absent present_slightly present_deeply; {510 511-LBG_213_Surangular_-_dentary_articulation,_position_of_posterior_tooth_row 'relatively_narrow_posterodorsal_tooth-bearing_portion_of_dentary_clasps_acute_dorsal_margin_of_compressed_surangular' 'relatively_broad_posterodorsal_tooth-bearing_portion_of_dentary_sits_atop_flat_dorsal_dorsal_surface_of_surangular_(T-shaped_surangular_of_L)'; {511 512-HG_512_Surangular,_anterior_extent_in_dentary_kinetic_notch 'to_no_more_than_four_tooth_positions_from_end_of_tooth_row' 'to_at_least_six_tooth_positions_from_end_of_tooth_row' 'to_at_least_nine_tooth_positions_from_end_of_dentary'; {512 513-GKMRB_397._Surangular,_external_foramina 'two_foramina,_anterior_and_posterior' single_foramen; {513 514-LBG_228_Surangular,_anterior_surangular_foramen_size small large; {514 515-GKMRB_399._Surangular_adductor_fossa_on_external_face_of_mandible shallow_and_extends_ventrally_no_more_than_halfway_down 'deep_and_extends_ventrally_more_than_half_way_down_(nearly_to_angular_bone)'; {515 516-LBG_219_Surangular,_adductor_fossa_extent_posteriorly 'large,_shallow_depression_broadly_separates_deep_part_of_adductor_fossa_from_rim_of_mandibular_cotyle' adductor_fossa_extends_posteriorly_to_near_the_mandibular_cotyle; {516 517-LBG_220_Surangular,_distinct_crest_marks_edge_of_lateral_jaw_adductor,_especially_caudally absent present; {517 518-GKMRB_400._Surangular_dorsal_margin 'nearly_horizontal,_rising_somewhat_toward_the_coronoid,_anterodorsal_edge_set_below_level_of_tooth_crowns' 'rises_steeply_anterodorsally_to_coronoid,_with_apex_reaching_above_level_of_tooth_crowns'; {518 519-GKMRB_401._Prearticular_and_surangular_fused_in_adult separate fused; {519 520-GKMRB_402._Prearticular_broadly_contacts_surangular_behind_posteromedial_process_of_coronoid,_restricting_mandibular_adductor_fossa_anteriorly absent present; {520 521-HG_521_Prearticular_margin_on_border_of_adductor_fossa_ medial_wall_of_adductor_fossa_no_higher_than_lower_half_of_glenoid_fossa prearticular_wall_reaches_to_at_least_top_of_glenoid_fossa prearticular_ala_arched_margin_rises_well_above_glenoid_buttress; {521 522-HG_522_Prearticular_fossa absent present; {522 523-HG_523_Prearticular_tubercle absent present; {523 524-GKMRB_403._Prearticular_crest absent present; {524 525-LBG_230_Mandibular_cotyle_shape relatively_flat deep_and_arched_transversely; {525 526-GKMRB_404a_Retroarticular_process_length knob-like_ZS subequal_to_mandibular_cotyle_length longer_than_mandibular_cotyle_length; {526 527-GKMRB_404b_Retroarticular_process_length much_longer_than_mandibular_cotyle_is_wide_at_midpoint shorter_than_cotyle_width absent; {527 528-GKMRB_404c_Retroarticular_process_very_long more_or_less_prominent more_than_twice_as_long_as_mandibular_cotyle_length nearly_10x_as_long_as_mandibular_cotyle_length; {528 529-GKMRB_405._Retroarticular_process_orientation_(in_situ) extends_posteriorly inflected_medially; {529 530-GKMRB_406._Retroarticular_process_orientation_in_lateral_(or_posterior)_view extends_posteriorly inflected_ventrally; {530 531-GKMRB_407._Retroarticular_process_dorsal_edge horizontal inclined_posterodorsally; {531 532-GKMRB_408._Retroarticular_process_emarginate_distally absent present; {532 533-HG_533_Retroarticular_process_rotation_ both_margins_of_retroarticular_process_on_same_plane rotated_about_long_axis,_so_inner_edge_is_lower_than_outer_edge; {533 534-GKMRB_409._Retroarticular_process,_lateral_notch_forming_waist_proximally absent present; {534 535-GKMRB_410._Retroarticular_process_breadth_(greatest_width)_relative_to_mandibular_condyle_(glenoid) narrower wider; {535 536-GKMRB_411.__Retroarticular_process,_prearticular_pterygoideus_process_(angular_process_of_Oelrich_1956) absent present; {536 537-HG_537_Retroarticular_process,_pterygoideus_process_shape narrow_based crest_connects_process_to_tip_; {537 538-GKMRB_412._Premaxillary_teeth_(apart_from_median_tooth) similar_size_or_larger_than_anterior_maxillary_teeth distinctly_smaller_than_anterior_maxillary_teeth; {538 539-GKMRB_413._Median_premaxillary_tooth absent present; {539 540-GKMRB_414._Enlarged_median_tooth_on_fused_premaxilla median_tooth_same_size_as_other_premaxillary_teeth slightly_enlarged_median_premaxillary_tooth greatly_enlarged_median_premaxillary_tooth; {540 541-GKMRB_415._Maxillary_tooth_row_extent_posteriorly 'to_roughly_midorbit_(or_anterior)' to_posterior_third_of_orbit posterior_to_orbit; {541 542-GKMRB_416._Maxillary_tooth_crown_height constant_throughout_tooth_row sinuous_occlusal_surface convex_occlusal_surface length_decreases_posteriorly length_increases_posteriorly; {542 543-GKMRB_417._Maxilla,_enlarged_teeth_(fangs)_(relative_to_adjacent_teeth) absent present_on_anterior_maxilla present_on_posterior_maxilla; {543 544-LBG_159_Dentary_teeth,_conspicuously_enlarged_anteriorly absent present caniniform_dentary_tooth_(one_or_two); {544 545-GKMRB_418._Maxilla_tooth_row_length to_or_behind_midorbit anterior_to_midorbit anterior_to_orbit; {545 546-GKMRB_419._Premaxillary_tooth_count none one_to_three four_to_six seven_to_nine 10_or_more; {546 547-ZS_4_Premaxilla_teeth 'absent,_premaxilla_bears_full_set_of_teeth_or_is_edentulous' present; {547 548-GKMRB_420._Maxillary_tooth_count 0 2-5 7-15 16-27 31_or_more; {548 549-GKMRB_421._Dentary_tooth_count 0 4-9 10-20 21-35 36_or_more; {549 550-GKMRB_422._Marginal_teeth all_vertical all_recurved anterior_teeth_recurved_and_posterior_teeth_vertical; {550 551-HG_551_Dentary_tooth_orientation dorsal dorsolateral; {551 552-ZS_3a_Tooth_crown,_sharp_flexure_just_distal_to_parapet_of_jaw 'absent_(includes_simple_recurve)' 'sharp_flexure_of_tooth_shaft_just_above_jaw_parapet_(at_least_in_some_teeth)' sharp_flexure_near_crown; {552 553-ZS_3b_Tooth_crowns,_with_long,_slender,_needle-like_tips absent present; {553 554-GKMRB_423._Position_of_marginal_teeth_relative_to_tooth-bearing_element 'on_medial_side_of_tooth-bearing_element' 'near_to_or_on_apical_margin_of_tooth-bearing_element'; {554 555-GKMRB_424._Fusion_of_marginal_teeth unfused_to_each_other fused_to_each_other; {555 556-LBG_158_Loose_tooth_attachment 'teeth_anklyosed_to_tooth-bearing_elements_(at_tooth_maturity)' 'nearly_all_mature_teeth_fail_to_anklylose,_held_in_place_by_fibrous_connective_tissue_leaving_conspicuous_gap_around_tooth_bases'; {556 557-GKMRB_425._Bases_of_marginal_teeth_infolding 'smooth,_dentine_and_enamel_not_infolded' 'dentine_and_enamel_infolded_into_pulp_cavity_(?plicidentine?),_resulting_in_longitudinal_grooves_externally_at_base_of_teeth'; {557 558-GKMRB_426._Bases_of_marginal_teeth_expanded absent present; {558 559-GKMRB_427.__Marginal_tooth_spacing crowns_closely_spaced crowns_separated_by_large_gaps; {559 560-GKMRB_428._Position_of_replacement_teeth lingual posterolingual; {560 561-LBG_157_tooth_replacement,_number_of_replacment_generations_per_tooth_position single_replacement_tooth_per_tooth_position two_replacement_teeth_per_tooth_position; {561 562-HG_562_tooth_replacement,_number_of_tooth_positions_with_replacement_teeth no_more_than_half_of_tooth_positions_with_replacement_teeth nearly_all_tooth_positions_with_replacment_teeth; {562 563-LBG_155_Teeth,_interdental_ridges_separate_tooth_sockets absent 'interdental_ridges_present_separating_tooth_sockets,_but_socket_still_open_lingually' 'deep_thecae,_prominent_interdental_ridges_completely_enclose_tooth_sockets'; {563 564-GKMRB_429._Orientation_of_replacement_teeth 'erupt_upright,_growing_straight_upwards_into_functional_position' 'erupt_horizontally,_and_then_rotate_through_90"_about_the_base_into_functional_position'; {564 565-GKMRB_430._Tooth_replacement present absent; {565 566-GKMRB_431._Resorption_pits present absent; {566 567-GKMRB_432._Development_of_resorption_pits at_base_of_teeth on_bony_tooth_pedicel; {567 568-ZS_5_Tooth_alveolus_shape wider_transversley_than_anteroposteriorly nearly_circular; {568 569-HG_569_Dentary_tooth-bearing_border_termination_relative_to_anterior_surangular_foramen 'tooth-bearing_border_approaches_vicinity_ant_sur_for_to_variable_degree' 'tooth-bearing_border_broadly_separated_from_ant_sur_for_by_distance_roughly_equivalent_to_tooth_row_length'; {569 570-GKMRB_433._Palatal_teeth constant_in_size_across_palatal_tooth_row decrease_in_size_posteriorly; {570 571-HG_571_Palatal_teeth_relavtive_size_at_palatine_-_pterygoid_transition palatine_teeth_larger_than_adjacent_pterygoid_teeth adjacent_palatine_and_pterygoid_teeth_subequal pterygoid_teeth_larger_than_adjacent_palatine_teeth; {571 572-HG_572_Diastema_between_palatine_and_pterygoid_tooth_rows; {572 573-GKMRB_434._Cusps_on_posterior_teeth unicuspid bicuspid tricuspid; {573 574-GKMRB_435._Venom_groove_on_anteromedial_surface_of_teeth absent 'present,_unenclosed' 'present,_enclosed_tube'; {574 575-GKMRB_436._V-shaped_wear_facets_of_maxillary_teeth_incised_on_lateral_face_of_dentary_between_dentary_teeth absent present; {575 576-GKMRB_437._Teeth_swollen,_set_off_from_tooth_shafts_above_jaw_parapet absent present; {576 577-GKMRB_438._Basihyal present absent; {577 578-GKMRB_439._Basihyal,_relationship_to_skull_(when_mouth_is_closed) anterior_to_braincase ventral_to_braincase posterior_to_braincase; {578 579-GKMRB_440._Hyoid,_lingual_process_length short medium long; {579 580-GKMRB_441._Hyoid,_distal_part_of_lingual_process not_detached detached; {580 581-GKMRB_442._Free_epibranchials_(!second_epibranchial) absent present; {581 582-GKMRB_443._Free_epibranchial simple 'complex_(has_hooks_or_processes,_and_or_doubles_back_on_itself)'; {582 583-GKMRB_444._First_epibranchial shorter_than_first_ceratobranchial longer_than_or_nearly_equal_to_first_ceratobranchial; {583 584-GKMRB_445._First_ceratobranchial_(in_lateral_view) no_dorsolateral_angulation 'weak_dorsolateral_angulation_(has_a_distinct_bend)' 'strong_dorsolateral_angulation_(90"_or_more)' entire_element_straight_or_oriented_vertically; {584 585-GKMRB_446._Second_ceratobranchials present absent; {585 586-GKMRB_447._Second_ceratobranchial shorter_than_first_ceratobranchial nearly_equal_to_or_longer_than_first_ceratobranchial; {586 587-GKMRB_448._Second_ceratobranchial_apposed_on_midline absent present; {587 588-GKMRB_449._Large,_wing-like_hyoid_cornu absent present; {588 589-GKMRB_450._Hyoid_cornu less_than_the_length_of_the_epihyal greater_than_or_equal_to_the_length_of_the_epihyal; {589 590-GKMRB_451._Epihyal 'meets_hyoid_cornu_at_(or_near)_its_distal_end' meets_hyoid_cornu_along_its_body; {590 591-GKMRB_452._Epihyal expansion_or_elaboration_at_proximal_end_absent simple_expansion_at_proximal_end_present 'hook-like_elaboration_at_proximal_end_present_(' lateral_flange_at_proximal_end_present medial_flange_at_proximal_end_present; {591 592-GKMRB_453._Lateral_flange_at_midpoint_of_epihyal absent present; {592 593-GKMRB_454._Presacral_vertebrae_number_reduction 24_or_more_presacrals 23_presacrals fewer_than_23_presacrals; {593 594-GKMRB_455._Presacral_vertebrae_number_increase_I 24_or_fewer 25 26 27 28_or_more; {594 595-GKMRB_456._Presacral_vertebrae_number_increase_II 32_presacrals_or_fewer 33_to_39 50_to_55 61_to_84 89_or_more; {595 596-GKMRB_457._Presacral_vertebrae_number_increase_III less_than_104 118_to_132 144_to_156 168_to_180 184_or_more; {596 597-GKMRB_458._Presacral_vertebrae_number_increase_IV less_than_193 197_to_209 more_than_219; {597 598-GKMRB_459._Cervical_vertebra_number_reduction six_or_more five four three two; {598 599-GKMRB_460._Cervical_vertebrae_number_increase six_or_fewer seven eight_or_more; {599 600-_ZS_124_Axial_intercentrum_fused_to_axis_centrum_in_adult 'absent_(not_scored_in_non-snakes_with_braincase_elements_unfused_and_odontoid_fused_to_axial_centrum_=_adult)' 'present_(who_knows_if_they_are_full_grown)'; {600 601-GKMRB_461._Cervical_intercentrum_position intercentral posterior_end_of_preceding_centrum anterior_end_of_following_centrum absent.; {601 602-GKMRB_462._Cervical_rib_ossified_portion_shape 'widens_distally,_at_least_in_last_cervical' tapers_distally; {602 603-GKMRB_463._Cervical_ribs_start_on_vertebra_number two three four five six; {603 604-GKMRB_464._Cervical_intercentrum_length_relative_to_pedicle_length intercentrum_longer_than_pedicle intercentrum_shorter_than_pedicle; {604 605-GKMRB_465._Cervical_pedicle_(outgrowth_of_pleurocentrum_to_which_intercentrum_may_attach) absent projecting_ventrally_with_discrete_fore_and_aft_margins; {605 606-GKMRB_466._Vertebral_pedicle_(hypapophysis)_posterior_extent in_anterior_half_of_vertebral_column throughout_vertebral_column; {606 607-LBG_232_Vertebral_anterior_pedicle,_relative_length about_50%_of_centrum_length subequal_to_or_longer_than_centrum_length; {607 608-GKMRB_467._Vertebral_centrum_articulation 'amphicoelous_(and_notochordal)' procoelous; {608 609-GKMRB_468._Zygosphene-zygantrum_accessory_intervertebral_articulations absent dorsolaterally_directed_facet_continuous_with_prezygapophyseal_articulation_located_just_up_edge_of_neural_arch 'tall,_laterally_directed_facet_continuous_with_prezygapophyseal_articulation_and_extending_as_high_as_top_as_neural_canal' separate_facet_set_on_distinct_pedicle_and_facing_ventrolaterally with_nearly_transverse_cranial_margin_of_zygosphene; {609 610-ZS_125_neural_spine_well_developed prominent reduced_or_absent; {610 611-HG_611_Vertebrae,_anterior_neural_spine_shape anterior_trunk_vertebral_neural_spines_undifferentiated_from_those_more_posteriorly 'very_long,_anteroposteriorly_narrow,_and_posterodorsally_directed_neural_spines_present'; {611 612-LBG_234_Vertebrae,_arqual_ridges absent present; {612 613-LBG_235_Vertebrae,_centrum_shape_in_ventral_view narrowly_subtriangular broadly_subtriangular; {613 614-ZS_126_Vertebrae,_posterior_margin_of_the_neural_arch_with_a_deep_V-shaped_embayment_in_dorsal_view,_exposing_much_of_the_centrum_in_front_of_the_condyle absent present; {614 615-ZS_122_Vertebrae,_paracotylar_foramina_well-developed_and_consistently_distributed_throughout_vertebral_column absent present; {615 616-ZS_119_Vertebrae,_prezygapophyseal_accessory_processes absent present; {616 617-ZS_128_Vertebrae,_parazygantral_foramina_present absent present; {617 618-ZS_132_Vertebral_synapophyses_in_relation_to_lateral_edge_of_prezygaphyses at_the_same_level_as_or_slightly_more_projected_laterally_than_the_lateral_edge_of_the_prezygapophyses clearly_medial_to_the_edge_of_the_prezygapophyses; {618 619-ZS_118_Vertebral_synapophysis_shape undivided_more_or_less_dorsoventrally_elongate_convexity 'divided,_hemispherical_oval_facet_dorsally_for_primary_rib_articulation_(diapophysis)_and_flatter_inset_facet_ventrally_for_rib_accessory_process_articulation_(parapophysis)'; {619 620-ZS_120_Vertebrae,_subcentral_paralymphatic_fossa absent present; {620 621-LBG_237_Vertebrae,_condyle_delimitation condyle_confluent_with_the_centrumn_ventrally condyle_distinctly_separated_from_centrum_by_a_groove_at_base_of_centrum_and_a_raised_rim_about_cranial_edge_of_condyle; {621 622-ZS_133._Vertebrae,_mid-dorsals_are_pachyostotic absent present; {622 623-HG_623_Sacral_rib_attachment_on_ilium_relative_to_acetabulum 1st_sacral_rib_overlaps_acetabulum or_is_entirely_posterior_to_level_of_acetabulum; {623 624-ZS_131_Sacral_vertebrae present absent; {624 625-ZS_129_Lymphapophyses,_presence absent present; {625 626-Lymphapophyses,_articulated_lymphapophyses_(bifurcated_ribs) absent present; {626 627-GKMRB_470._Caudal_autotomic_septum_position_relative_to_caudal_rib within_caudal_rib anterior_to_caudal_rib posterior_to_caudal_rib absent; {627 628-GKMRB_471._Caudal_rib_(transverse_process)_shape single_rib_without_basal_foramen foramen_passing_through_base_of_rib divergent_bifid_ribs_on_some_caudals; {628 629-GKMRB_472._Posterior_caudal_vertebrae,_groove_on_dorsal_surface_of_neural_spines absent present; {629 630-GKMRB_473._Caudal_vertebrae,_pterapophysis absent present; {630 631-GKMRB_474._Caudal_vertebrae,_distal_tip_of_anterior_zygapophyses undifferentiated elaborated_into_a_horizontal_blade; {631 632-GKMRB_475._Caudal_haemal_arch_(intercentrum)_position 'intercentral,_pedicles_feeble_absent' contacting_mainly_condyle_but_also_distinct_pedicles_beneath_preceding_centrum mainly_contacting_pedicles_on_preceding_centrum_but_still_bordering_condyle well_forward_of_condyle_on_preceding_centrum; {632 633-GKMRB_476._Caudal_haemal_arch_pedicle_length short long; {633 634-GKMRB_477._Vertebra_whose_rib_first_attaches_to_sternum 'seventh_(or_more_anteriorly)' eighth ninth; {634 635-GKMRB_478._Trunk_ribs_pachyostotic 'slender,_cancellous_ribs' 'thick,_dense_ribs'; {635 636-GKMRB_479._Postcloacal_bones absent present; {636 637-GKMRB_480._Sternum present absent; {637 638-GKMRB_481._Sternal_fontanelle absent present; {638 639-GKMRB_482._Sternal_fontanelle_number single double; {639 640-GKMRB_483._Number_of_rib_attachment_points_to_sternum_(including_attachment_of_xiphisternum) five four three two_or_fewer; {640 641-GKMRB_484._Xiphisternun present absent; {641 642-GKMRB_485._Xiphisternal_fontanelle* absent present; {642 643-GKMRB_486._Number_of_xiphisternal_rib_attachment_points* none one two three four; {643 644-GKMRB_487._Number_of_postxiphisternal_(or_poststernal)_inscriptional_ribs_united_along_the_ventral_midline_to_form_continuous_chevron_shaped_structures 0 1-4 5-11 12-30 >31; {644 645-GKMRB_488._Scapulocoracoid large reduced absent; {645 646-GKMRB_489._Scapula short_and_wide elongate_and_narrow; {646 647-GKMRB_490._Suprascapular_cartilage present absent; {647 648-GKMRB_491._Suprascapula large small; {648 649-GKMRB_492._Scapula,_emargination_on_anterodorsal_edge_(scapular_fenestra) absent present; {649 650-GKMRB_493._Scapulocoracoid_emargination absent present; {650 651-GKMRB_494._Scapulocoracoid_emargination* closed_by_cartilage open closed_by_scapula_and_coracoid; {651 652-GKMRB_495._Coracoid,_anterior_(primary)_emargination_(fenestra) absent present; {652 653-GKMRB_496._Coracoid,_posterior_(secondary)_emargination_(fenestra) absent present; {653 654-GKMRB_497._Coracoid_size 'enlarged,_extending_anteriorly_to_level_of_clavicles' 'not_enlarged,_not_extending_anteriorly_to_level_of_clavicles'; {654 655-GKMRB_498._Epicoracoid_cartilage_extent contacts_mesoscapula_and_suprascapula does_not_contact_mesoscapula_and_suprascapula; {655 656-GKMRB_499._Clavicle present absent; {656 657-GKMRB_500._Clavicle no_notch_or_fenestration_present notch_present fenestration_present; {657 658-GKMRB_501._Clavicle rod-like greatly_expanded_proximally; {658 659-GKMRB_502._Clavicular_angulation 'simple_curved_rod,_following_contour_of_scapulocoracoid' 'strongly_angulated,_curving_anteriorly_away_from_scapulocoracoid'; {659 660-GKMRB_503._Distal_clavicle_articulation with_scapula with_suprascapula no_distal_articulation; {660 661-GKMRB_504._Clavicles,_medial_contact* clavicles_do_not_meet_on_midline clavicles_meet_on_midline; {661 662-GKMRB_505._Interclavicle present absent; {662 663-GKMRB_506._Interclavicle_lateral_process present absent; {663 664-GKMRB_507._Interclavicle_anterior_process_(extending_beyond_lateral_process) absent present; {664 665-GKMRB_508._Interclavicle_anterior_process,_length_(as_ratio_of_interclavicle_length) 0.01-0.20 more_than_0.20; {665 666-GKMRB_509._Interclavicle,_anterior_end ventral_to_clavicles dorsal_to_clavicles abuts_clavicles lies_posterior_to_clavicles; {666 667-GKMRB_510._Pubis present absent; {667 668-GKMRB_511._Pubis,_symphyseal_process_orientation_in_ventral_view medially_directed anteromedially_directed; {668 669-GKMRB_512._Pubis,_symphyseal_process thick thin; {669 670-GKMRB_513._Pubis,_symphyseal_process expanded_distally 'tapered (not_expanded_distally), connected distally' Tapered,_disconnected_distally; {670 671-GKMRB_514._Pectineal_(pubic)_tubercle closer_to_acetabulum_than_to_symphysis 'closer_to_symphysis_than_to_acetabulum_(or_equal_distance)'; {671 672-GKMRB_515._Pubis,_tubercle_orientation_in_ventral_view anteriorly_directed ventrally_directed; {672 673-GKMRB_516._Ischium present absent; {673 674-GKMRB_517._Ischial_tubercle present 'absent,_or_continuous_with_hypoischial_cartilage'; {674 675-GKMRB_518._Hypoischium 'well_developed_(expanded_at_distal_end)' 'vestigial_(no_expansion_at_distal_end)' absent; {675 676-GKMRB_519__Hypoischial_foramen absent present; {676 677-GKMRB_520._Ilium present absent; {677 678-GKMRB_521._Ilium,_tubercle present absent; {678 679-GKMRB_522._Ilium,_blade_orientation slopes_posterodorsally oriented_vertically oriented_anteriorly; {679 680-GKMRB_523._Ilium,_dorsal_ends_blades 'not_compressed_laterally,_and_do_not_expand_or_converge_dorsomedially' 'compressed_laterally,_suprailiac_cartilages_expanded_into_triangular_plates_that_converge_dorsomedially'; {680 681-GKMRB_524._Pelvic_elements_(ilium,_ischium,_pubis) 'in_close_sutural_contact_throughout_postnatal_ontogeny_and_co-ossified_into_a_single_pelvic_bone_late_in_postnatal_ontogeny' 'distinct_elements_weakly_united_in_non-sutural_contacts'; {681 682-GKMRB_525._Hyperischium present absent; {682 683-GKMRB_526._Hyperischial_foramen absent present; {683 684-GKMRB_527._Epiphyses_on_long_bones_with_separate_ossification_centers present absent; {684 685-GKMRB_528._Proximal_forelimb_long_bones_(humerus,_radius_and_ulna) present absent; {685 686-GKMRB_529._Ratio_of_radius/ulna_to_humerus* 0.50_-_0.61 0.62_-_0.97 0.98_-_1.10; {686 687-GKMRB_530._Ectepicondylar_foramen present absent; {687 688-GKMRB_531._Ulnar_patella present absent; {688 689-GKMRB_532._Ulna,_olecranon_process_on_proximal_epiphysis prominent short_or_absent; {689 690-GKMRB_533._Ulna,_enlarged_distal_epiphysis_that_is_nearly_hemispherical_in_profile_and_fits_into_a_concomitantly_enlarged_depression_on_the_ulnare absent present; {690 691-GKMRB_534._Radius,_styloid_process absent present_on_posterolateral_surface_of_distal_epiphysis; {691 692-GKMRB_535._Carpal_intermedium large medium_small small tiny absent; {692 693-GKMRB_536._Ball_and_socket_joints_in_wrist_and_ankle absent 'present_formed_by_large_central_carpal_or_lateral_centrale_(ball)_and_radiale,_ulnare_and_pisiform_(socket)_and_by_distal_tarsal_4_(ball)_and_astragalocalcaneum_(socket)'; {693 694-GKMRB_537._Lateral_centrale_in_hand separated_from_second_distal_carpal contacting_second_distal_carpal; {694 695-GKMRB_538._Proximal_end_of_first_metacarpal separated_from_medial_centrale contacting_medial_centrale; {695 696-GKMRB_539._Palmar_sesamoid absent present; {696 697-GKMRB_540._Metacarpals_and_metatarsals_II_to_IV longer_than_proximal_phalanges shorter_than_proximal_phalanges; {697 698-GKMRB_541._Metacarpals,_sesamoids_ventral_to_distal_heads absent present; {698 699-GKMRB_542._Phalangeal_count,_reduction_in_manus_digits_II_to_IV 'three,_four,_five' reduced_to_three_in_digits_III_and_IV reduced_to_four_in_digit_IV reduced_to_three_in_digit_III_and_four_in_digit_IV; {699 700-GKMRB_543._Phalangeal_count,_digit_V_of_manus three two four; {700 701-GKMRB_544._Hyperphalangy_in_manus absent present_in_more_than_one_digit present_only_in_digit_1 present_only_in_digit_5; {701 702-GKMRB_545._Opposing_digits digits_nonopposing 'digits_1,_2_and_3_opposing_digits_4_and_5_in_manus_and_digits_1_and_2_opposing_digits_3,_4_and_5_in_pes'; {702 703-GKMRB_546._Penultimate_phalanges_in_hand shorter_than_or_equal_to_antepenultimate longer_than_antepenultimate; {703 704-GKMRB_547._Sesamoids_dorsal_to_distal_heads_of_penultimate_phalanges_(manus) present absent; {704 705-GKMRB_548._Femur present absent; {705 706-GKMRB_549._Femur curved_in_dorsoventral_plane not_curved_in_dorsoventral_plane; {706 707-GKMRB_550._Femur,_internal_trochanter 'well_developed_as_a_prominent,_distinct_head' poorly_developed_or_absent; {707 708-GKMRB_551._Tibial_patella present absent; {708 709-GKMRB_552._Tibial_lunula present absent; {709 710-GKMRB_553._Fibular_lunula present absent; {710 711-GKMRB_554._Dorsal_and_ventral_tibiofemoral_lunulae both_present_and_separate 'ventral_present,_dorsal_absent' both_absent both_present_and_fused 'dorsal_present,_ventral_absent'; {711 712-GKMRB_555._Tibia,_notching_of_distal_epiphysis 'notch_not_present,_epiphysis_gently_convex_for_astragalocalcaneal_articulation' 'distinct_notch_present,_fitting_onto_a_ridge_on_the_astragalocalcaneum'; {712 713-GKMRB_556._Fibulo-astragalar_joint occupies_less_than_half_of_distal_end_of_fibula involves_most_of_distal_end_of_fibula; {713 714-GKMRB_557._Tibia_and_fibula remain_widely_separated_at_distal_ends very_close_or_in_contact_at_distal_ends; {714 715-GKMRB_559._Third_distal_tarsal present absent; {715 716-GKMRB_560._Second_distal_tarsal present absent; {716 717-GKMRB_561._Astragalus_and_calcaneum fused_with_no_suture_visible_in_adult 'co-ossified_with_suture_visible'; {717 718-GKMRB_562._Sesamoid_between_metatarsal_I_and_astragalocalcaneum_(ventrally) present absent; {718 719-GKMRB_564._Metatarsal_V hooked 'broad_proximally,_but_not_hooked'; {719 720-GKMRB_565._Metatarsals,_sesamoids_ventral_to_distal_heads absent present; {720 721-GKMRB_566._Phalangeal_counts,_reduction_in_pes 'two,_three,_four,_five,_four' 'reduced_to_three_phalanges_in_digits_III,_IV_and_V' reduced_to_four_phalanges_in_digit_IV_and_three_phalanges_in_digit_V reduced_to_two_phalanges_in_digit_V reduced_to_three_phalanges_in_digit_V; {721 722-GKMRB_567._Hyperphalangy_in_digits_of_pes absent present_in_more_than_one_digit present_only_in_digit_V; {722 723-GKMRB_569._Sesamoids_dorsal_to_distal_heads_of_penultimate_phalanges present absent; {723 724-GKMRB_570._Osteoderms_on_body_(and/or_tail) not_imbricate imbricate,_with_gliding_surface_anteriorly imbricate_anteroposteriorly,_but_interdigitate_laterally_; {724 725-HG_725_Imbricate_body_osteoderm_overlap_pattern overalp_primarily_anteroposteriorly,_slightly_laterally anteroposteriorly_and_deeply_laterally; {725 726-GKMRB_571._Osteoderm_ornamentation vermiculate_or_smooth tuberculate; {726 727-GKMRB_572._Dermal_skull_bone_ornamentation smooth lightly_rugose_about_frontoparietal_suture present_over_dorsum present_on_jugal_postorbital_bar; {727 728-GKMRB_573._Palpebral_osteoderm_below_supraorbital_scales_(and_their_osteoderms) absent present; {728 729-GKMRB_574._Supracilliary_osteoderm_(pierced_vertically_by_foramina) absent present; {729 730-HG_730_Supracilliary_osteoderm_contacts_parietal present absent; {730 731-GKMRB_575._Osteoderms_inside_supraorbital_scales absent single compound; {731 732-GKMRB_576._Supraorbital_osteoderms_insert_into_sulcus_along_frontal_supraorbital_margin absent present; {732 733-GKMRB_577._Osteoderms_in_cheek_scales absent single compound; {733 734-GKMRB_578._osteoderms_in_gular_scales absent single compound; {734 735-GKMRB_579._Osteoderms_in_dorsal_scales absent single compound; {735 736-GKMRB_580._Osteoderms_in_ventral_scales absent single compound; {736 737-GKMRB_581._Osteoderms_in_skull_roof_scales single compound; {737 738-GKMRB_582._Osteoderms_invest_imbricate_caudal_scales absent present; {738 739-GKMRB_583._Mineralized_cranial_scales_hinges absent present; {739 740-GKMRB_584_Scleral_ossicle_count 16_or_more 14-15 12-13 11_or_fewer; {740 741-GKMRB_585._Scleral_ossicles complex_and_irregular_in_shape square_or_rectangular_in_shape; {741 742-GKMRB_586._Interorbital_septum present absent; {742 743-GKMRB_587._Statolithic_masses absent present; {743 744-GKMRB_588._Calcified_endolymph absent 'present,_but_confined_to_occiput' 'present,_extends_posteriorly_into_neck'; {744 745-GKMRB_589._Foretongue_retracts_into_hind_tongue absent present tongue_can_be_retracted_entirely_into_buccal_cavity_below_larynx; {745 746-GKMRB_590._Tongue_tip_notching,_as_percentage_of_tongue_length no_notch less_than_10% 10-20% 20-40% more_than_45%; {746 747-GKMRB_591._Tongue_papilla_crenellated continuous_smooth_distal_edges_of_papilla crenellated_distal_edge; {747 748-GKMRB_592._Tongue_papilla_shape 'long,_filamentous,_and_densely_packed_papilla' 'shorter,_larger,_somewhat_compressed_and_tipped_caudally_(scale-like_papilla)' deeply_imbricate_flat_scales; {748 749-GKMRB_593._Hindtongue_epithelium 'discrete_papilla_(filamentous_or_scale-like)' transverse_plicae_confined_to_lateral_margins_of_posterior_lobes transverse_plicae_extend_across_hindtongue and_into_the_anterior_half_of_the_tongue; {749 750-GKMRB_594._Infralingual_folds absent present; {750 751-GKMRB_595._Papilla_on_ventrolateral_margins_of_entire_tongue papillose 'plicate_(transverse_scale_rows)'; {751 752-GKMRB_596._Tongue_papilla_arrangement not_in_oblique_rows arranged_in_regular_oblique_rows; {752 753-GKMRB_597._Hypoglossal_muscle paired_and_smooth_ventrally 'multiple,_and_with_fine_transverse_grooves_beneath_each_muscle_bundle'; {753 754-GKMRB_598._Facial_tongue_wiping_(tongue_acts_as_an_accessory_eyelid) absent present; {754 755-GKMRB_599._Foretongue_surface papillose smooth; {755 756-GKMRB_600._Foretongue_filamentous_epithelium_anterior_extent extends_to_tongue_tip_as_long_filaments those_overlying_chemosensory_part_of_tongue_are_depressed_to_varying_degree; {756 757-GKMRB_601._Arrowhead_tongue_tip tongue_lateral_margins_continuous_at_tip notched_just_behind_tip; {757 758-GKMRB_602._Tongue_width_across_posterior_notch/maximum_tongue_length 50_to_60% 40_to_44% 30_to_35% 22_to_25% less_than_12%; {758 759-GKMRB_603._Hind_tongue_papilla not_sharply_pointed sharply_pointed; {759 760-GKMRB_604._Prey_prehension 'crickets_(or_larger_animals)_taken_primarily_with_tongue' primarily_with_jaws; {760 761-GKMRB_605._Amniote_penis absent hemipenis_present; {761 762-GKMRB_606._Hemipenis_mineralizations absent comb-like sleeve-like spine-like; {762 763-GKMRB_607._Rectus_abdominis_muscles not_attached_to_belly_skin attached_to_hinges_between_ventral_transverse_scale_rows; {763 764-GKMRB_608._Ulnar_nerve_pathway superficial_to_limb_muscles deep_to_limb_muscles; {764 765-GKMRB_609._Dorsal_shank_muscle_innervation peroneal_nerve interosseous_nerve; {765 766-GKMRB_610._Ovipary_vs._ovovivipary/vivipary ovipary ovovivipary_to_vivipary; {766 767-NEW_Anterior_end_of_ectopterygoid_ restricted_to_posteromedial_edge_of_maxilla_ invades_the_dorsal_surface_of_the_maxilla; {767 768-NEW_Pterygoid,_anterior_palatine_articular_facet anterior_end_of_pterygoid_forming_a_mediolaterally_expanded_articular_facet anterior_end_of_pterygoid_constricted_mediolaterally; {768 769-NEW_Basipterygoid_fossa present,_clearly_excavated_to_receive_the_basypterygoid_process absent; {769 770-NEW_Oto-occipital,_distal_portion_of_the_paroccipital_process_contacts_the_quadrate_below_the_supratemporal present absent,_paroccipital_process_does_not_contact_the_quadrate; {770 771-NEW_Maxilla,_posterior_border_of_the_palatine_process,_well-developed unconspicous_or_rounded_(convex),_not_projected_posteromedially concave_or_notched_and_forming_a_posteromedially_directed_finger-like_process _ 1; {771 772-NEW_Zygosphene,_presence_and_position_in_respect_with_the_prezygapophysial_articulation_surface absent present,_not_distinctly_projecting_above_the_prezygapophysial_articulation_in_lateral_view_ present,_distinctly_projecting_above_the_prezygapophysial_articulation_in_lateral_view; {772 773-NEW_Basal_plate present absent; {773 774-NEW_Nares_extensive_posterior_elongation_between_prefrontal_and_nasal,_reaching_the_margin_of_the_frontal_dorsally absent present; {774 775-NEW_Optic_fenestra_formed_by_the_frontal,_parietal_and_parasphenoid_ absent present; {775 776-NEW_spines_on_the_hemipenial_body absent present; {776 777-NEW_Neural_spine,_formed_by_a_thin,_anteroposeriorly_uniform_lamina_that_invades_the_tectum_of_the_zygosphene absent present; {777 778-NEW_Pubis,_orientation dorsoventrally_or_horizontally_directed ventrodorsally_directed; {778 779-NEW_caudal_vertebrae,_posteroventral_projections with_chevron_bones with_haemapophyses smooth_(no_processes); {779 780-ZS_148._Posterolateral_corners_of_the_basisphenoid_ strongly_ventrolaterally_projected_and_well_delimited_by_a_crista_ventrolateralis not_projected; {780 781-ZS_252._Coronoid_bone,_posterior_extent contributes_to_the_anterior_margin_of_the_adductor_fossa does_not_reach_the_anterior_margin_of_the_adductor_fossa; {781 782-NEW_Facial_carotid_artery passes_ventral_to_V3 passes_dorsal_to_V3; {782 783-NEW_Muscle_adductor_mandibulae_externus_temporalis_(sensu_Zaher,_1994) absent present; {783 784._NEW_Muscle_adductor_mandibulae_externus_medialis_pars_anterior_(sensu_Zaher,_1994) present absent; {784 785._NEW_First_ceratobranchial,_disposition_of_the_cornua(Groombridge,_1979) divergent_cornua parallel_cornua; ; proc /;