This Spring_phenology_Readme.txt file was generated on 2021-02-05 by Susu Rytteri GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Microclimatic variability buffers butterfly populations against increased mortality caused by phenological asynchrony between larvae and their host plants 2. Author Information A. Corresponding Author Contact Information Name: Susu Rytteri Institution: Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki Address: P.O 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Email: susu.rytteri@helsinki.fi B. Co-authors Name: Mikko Kuussaari Institution: Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Address: Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland Name: Marjo Saastamoinen Institution: Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences; Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki Address: P.O 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 3. Date of data collection: 2015-08 - 2017-09 4. Geographic location of data collection: Åland Islands, Finland 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: European Research Council (StG grant META-STRESS no. 637412 to Marjo Saastamoinen) SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: There are no licences /restrictions placed on the data. 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: Rytteri, S., Kuussaari, M., & Saastamoinen, M. (2021). Microclimatic variability buffers butterfly populations against increased mortality caused by phenological asynchrony between larvae and their host plants. Oikos. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.07653 3. Recommended citation for this dataset: Rytteri, S., Kuussaari, M., & Saastamoinen, M. (2021). Data from: Microclimatic variability buffers butterfly populations against increased mortality caused by phenological asynchrony between larvae and their host plants. – Dryad Digital Repository, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc89v. DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: Field data consist of the following text documents: Rytteri_et_al_2021_monitoring_data.txt (Butterfly larval growth and survival under variable weather and microclimatic conditions) Rytteri_et_al_2021_temperature_data.txt (Time series on larval body surface temperatures and activity under variable ambient temperature and microclimate) Rytteri_et_al_2021_host_plant_data.txt (Larval host plant growth under variable weather and microclimatic conditions) Rytteri_et_al_2021_food_availability_data.txt (Changes in larval food availability with variable larval group sizes and environmental conditions) Rytteri_et_al_2021_survey15-16_data.txt (Local population growth rates from autumn 2015 to autumn 2016 under variable weather and microclimatic conditions) Rytteri_et_al_2021_survey16-17_data.txt (Local population growth rates from autumn 2015 to autumn 2016 under variable weather and microclimatic conditions) Analyses can be run using the script in the file: INLA_models_20200501.R METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data is provided in the following paper and its electronic supplement: Rytteri, S., Kuussaari, M., & Saastamoinen, M. (2021). Microclimatic variability buffers butterfly populations against increased mortality caused by phenological asynchrony between larvae and their host plants. Oikos. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.07653 2. Methods for processing the data: For larval survival and growth, as well as host plant growth, the repeated measurements over the study season were averaged to gain a single value of each variable for each larval group and host plant plot. In the survey data, microclimatic conditions were recorded separately for each larval group in the field and averaged for local populations. Rows with missing values were removed from the data. 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: The script was produced and all analyses run in R (version 4.0.3) using package R-INLA. The step needed for installing R-INLA is included in the script. DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Rytteri_et_al_2021_monitoring_data.txt 1. Number of variables: 14 2. Number of cases/rows: 114 3. Variable List: Patch: ID of the local population Nest: ID of the larval group Group_end: Larval group size in the end of the gregarious stage Group5: Initial larval group size in the end of the diapause Growth_total: Averaged proportional daily weight gain of the larvae Daily_Precip: Averaged daily precipitation of the study season (mm) Degree_DayMean: Growing degree days (with 5 °C threshold) of the study season (°C) Nest_Shade: Microhabitat shadiness value (1-3; 1 = no shading, 3 = considerable shading) Predation: Number of predation events encountered during the study season N_Dir: Compass point of the slope at 1m x 1m microhabitat scale (2 = south; 1 = southwest, southeast; 0 = west, east, flat ground; -1 = northwest, northeast; -2 = north) Nest_Veg: Vegetation in the vicinity of the nest (1-5; 1 = nest on a bare rock/gravel, 5 = high vegetation from the year before). Food_6: Availability of host plants between the first and second post-diapause moulting (0 = no host plants visible within a 1 m distance from larvae, 1 = small number (< 20) of small host plants available, 2 = enough (20-50) host plants available for larval growth, 3 = excessive number (> 50) of well growing host plants available) Lat: Latitude Lon: Longitude DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Rytteri_et_al_2021_temperature_data.txt 1. Number of variables: 14 2. Number of cases/rows: 558 3. Variable List: Day: Day of measurement Month: Month of measurement Year: Year of measurement Time: Time of measurement Air_Temp: Ambient temperature during the measurement (°C) Patch: ID of the local population Nest: ID of the larval group Groupsize: Larval group size Sun_nest: Microhabitat sunshine value (0 = in shade, 1 = in sunshine) Larval_act: Larval activity (0 = resting, 1 = basking, 2 = feeding or otherwise moving) Larval_Temp: Larval body surface temperature (°C) Y: Latitude X: Longitude TempDif: Difference between larval and ambient temperatures (°C) DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Rytteri_et_al_2021_host_plant_data.txt 1. Number of variables: 18 2. Number of cases/rows: 27 3. Variable List: Patch: ID of the local population Nest: ID of the larval group Ch_H_l_e: Change of the host plant leaf length, first half of April (cm) Ch_H_l_l: Change of the host plant leaf length, second half of April (cm) Ch_H_l_tot: Change of the host plant leaf length, whole April (cm) Ch_H_nr_e: Change of the number of host plants, first half of April Ch_H_nr_l: Change of the number of host plants, second half of April Ch_H_nr_tot: Change of the number of host plants, whole April Ch_F_e: Change of larval food availability, first half of April (0 = no host plants visible within a 1 m distance from larvae, 1 = small number (< 20) of small host plants available, 2 = enough (20-50) host plants available for larval growth, 3 = excessive number (> 50) of well growing host plants available) Ch_F_l: Change of larval food availability, second half of April Ch_F_tot: Change of larval food availability, whole April Daily_Precip: Averaged daily precipitation of the study season (mm) Degree_DayMean: Growing degree days (with 5 °C threshold) of the study season (°C) Nest_Shade: Microhabitat shadiness value (1-3; 1 = no shading, 3 = considerable shading) N_Dir: Compass point of the slope at 1m x 1m microhabitat scale (2 = south; 1 = southwest, southeast; 0 = west, east, flat ground; -1 = northwest, northeast; -2 = north) Nest_Veg: Vegetation in the vicinity of the nest (1-5; 1 = nest on a bare rock/gravel, 5 = high vegetation from the year before). Lat: Latitude Lon: Longitude DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Rytteri_et_al_2021_food_availability_data.txt 1. Number of variables: 14 2. Number of cases/rows: 182 3. Variable List: Patch: ID of the local population Nest: ID of the larval group Ch_F_e: Change of larval food availability, first half of April (0 = no host plants visible within a 1 m distance from larvae, 1 = small number (< 20) of small host plants available, 2 = enough (20-50) host plants available for larval growth, 3 = excessive number (> 50) of well growing host plants available) Ch_F_l: Change of larval food availability, second half of April Ch_F_tot: Change of larval food availability, whole April Daily_Precip: Averaged daily precipitation of the study season (mm) Degree_DayMean: Growing degree days (with 5 °C threshold) of the study season (°C) Nest_Shade: Microhabitat shadiness value (1-3; 1 = no shading, 3 = considerable shading) Group5: Initial larval group size in the end of the diapause Group_end: Larval group size in the end of the gregarious stage N_Dir: Compass point of the slope at 1m x 1m microhabitat scale (2 = south; 1 = southwest, southeast; 0 = west, east, flat ground; -1 = northwest, northeast; -2 = north) Nest_Veg: Vegetation in the vicinity of the nest (1-5; 1 = nest on a bare rock/gravel, 5 = high vegetation from the year before). Lat: Latitude Lon: Longitude DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Rytteri_et_al_2021_survey15-16_data.txt 1. Number of variables: 15 2. Number of cases/rows: 406 3. Variable List: ID: ID of the local population NestTotal: Number of larval nests found in autumn 2015 X: Longitude Y: Latitude Nest16: Number of larval nests found in autumn 2016 DegreeD_5: Growing degree days (with 5 °C threshold) of May 2016 (°C) Precipitation_5: Precipitation of May 2016 (mm) Shade_mean: Average microhabitat shadiness value (1-3; 1 = no shading, 3 = considerable shading) CompassP1_mean: Average compass point of the slope at 1m x 1m microhabitat scale (2 = south; 1 = southwest, southeast; 0 = west, east, flat ground; -1 = northwest, northeast; -2 = north) Vegetation_mean: Average vegetation in the vicinity of the nest (0-2; 0 = nest on a bare rock/gravel, 2 = high vegetation from the year before). Shade_Stddev: Standard deviation of the microhabitat shadiness values Host_mean: Average availability of host plants (0 = no host plants found near the larvae, 1 = few very small host plants found, 2 = plenty of well growing host plants found) PopChange: Nest16 / NestTotal LgPopChange: Lg (Nest16 / NestTotal + 1) LgNest15: Lg NestTotal DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Rytteri_et_al_2021_survey16-17_data.txt 1. Number of variables: 15 2. Number of cases/rows: 342 3. Variable List: ID: ID of the local population Nest16: Number of larval nests found in autumn 2016 Nest17: Number of larval nests found in autumn 2017 DegreeD_5: Growing degree days (with 5 °C threshold) of May 2016 (°C) Precipitation_5: Precipitation of May 2016 (mm) Host_mean: Average availability of host plants (0 = no host plants found near the larvae, 1 = few very small host plants found, 2 = plenty of well growing host plants found) Shade_mean: Average microhabitat shadiness value (1-3; 1 = no shading, 3 = considerable shading) Shade_Stddev: Standard deviation of the microhabitat shadiness values CompassP1_mean: Average compass point of the slope at 1m x 1m microhabitat scale (2 = south; 1 = southwest, southeast; 0 = west, east, flat ground; -1 = northwest, northeast; -2 = north) Vegetation_mean: Average vegetation in the vicinity of the nest (0-2; 0 = nest on a bare rock/gravel, 2 = high vegetation from the year before). X: Longitude Y: Latitude PopChange: Nest17 / Nest16 LgNest16: Lg Nest16 LgPopChange: Lg (Nest17 / Nest16 + 1)