Data are presented as five tables, each a separate worksheet in an Excel spreadsheet (“Expt1”, “Expt2a”, “Expt2b”, “Expt3”, “Expt4”). Each table presents data from one of the major experiments described in the manuscript (Experiment 2 is broken up into two tables). Column labels are described below for each experiment. Row labels are not given as every row represents an observation recorded from a single fly. ###################################################################################### Experiment 1: Observations of development time in the AO, BO, and O treatments. Column labels: Assay - Development time was measured three times over the course of the derivation of the AO and BO lines. Assays 1-3 correspond to generation values in Table 1 of the manuscript. Treatment - Selection treatment: either AO, BO, or O Population - A numerical value assigned to each replicate population of a selection treatment (1-5 for each treatment). Vial - A numerical value given to each individual vial within each replicate population (1-10 for each replicate population). Fly - A numerical value given to each fly in every vial (varies, approximately 60 for each vial). Sex - Either M (male) or F (female). Flies were sexed after eclosion. Hours - Hours elapsed between oviposition and adult eclosion, to the nearest 8-hour checkpoint. ###################################################################################### Experiment 2a: Observations of early larval development time in the ACO, AO, B, BO, CO, and nCO treatments. Column labels: Treatment - Selection treatment: either ACO, AO, B, BO, CO, and nCO. Population - A numerical value assigned to each replicate population of a selection treatment (1-5 for each treatment). Vial - A numerical value given to each individual vial within each replicate population (1-3 for each replicate population). Hours - Duration, in hours, of the larval development stage measured from hatching to pupariation (pupal formation), to the nearest 4-hour checkpoint. ###################################################################################### Experiment 2b: Observations of overall larval development time in the ACO, AO, B, BO, CO, and nCO treatments. Column labels: Treatment - Selection treatment: either ACO, AO, B, BO, CO, and nCO. Sex - Either M (male) or F (female). Flies were sexed after eclosion. Population - A numerical value assigned to each replicate population of a selection treatment (1-5 for each treatment). Vial - A numerical value given to each individual vial within each replicate population (1-3 for each replicate population). Hours - Duration, in hours, of the development stage measured from hatching to adult eclosion, to the nearest 4-hour checkpoint. ###################################################################################### Experiment 3: Observations of early-life fecundity in the ACO, AO, B, BO, CO, and nCO treatments. Column labels: Treatment - Selection treatment: either ACO, AO, B, BO, CO, and nCO. Population - A numerical value assigned to each replicate population of a selection treatment (1-5 for each treatment). Vial - A numerical value given to each individual vial within each replicate population (1-40 for each replicate population). Hours - Age from hatching, in hours, to the nearest 12-hour checkpoint. Fecundity - The number of eggs counted in each vial at each checkpoint (not cumulative). ###################################################################################### Experiment 4: Observations of adult mortality and fecundity in the ACO, AO, B, BO, CO, and nCO treatments. Column labels: Treatment - Selection treatment: either ACO, AO, B, BO, CO, and nCO. Population - A numerical value assigned to each replicate population of a selection treatment (1-5 for each treatment). Age - A numerical value given in days for each mortality/fecundity count. Assays were begun 14 days post-hatching (so "age 1" refers to 15 days from egg, etc.). Fecundity - A numerical value given for the number of eggs from a given cohort counted each day (see Supporting information for a video demonstrating how fecundity was estimated). Alive - The number of individuals recorded living in each population per day (note males and females were recorded separately each day). Sex - Either M (male) or F (female). Flies were sexed after death. Data Processing: Mortality - In the paper, we define adult mortality as the percent death per day in each cohort - this was calculated by dividing the number of dead flies by the number alive each day. This was done for males and females separately. Fecundity - We define adult fecundity as the number of eggs laid per surviving female per day from each cohort - this was calculated by dividing the number of total eggs (fecundity column) by the number of surviving females (alive column for those labeled "F"). ###################################################################################### Questions? Contact: Molly Burke (molly.burke@oregonstate.edu) Thomas Barter (ttbarter317@gmail.com)