******************************** CaliforniaCurrentMarineAnimalDiets ****************************** VERSION 1.0. May 2017 ****************** AUTHORS: Bryanda Wippel, Aaron Dufault, Kristin Marshall, and Isaac Kaplan ******************* DESCRIPTION OF DIET INFORMATION HERE: The information here synthesizes substantial work by many authors to understand the diets of marine animals (fish, birds, mammals, invertebrates) in the California, primarily off the US West Coast. The synthesis here was assembled by Bryanda Wippel, Univ of Washington, as part of undergraduate capstone project at University of Washington, and to support building an Atlantis model (Marshall et al. 2017). Generally the diets here match those used in the published Atlantis model (though updates to that model are ongoing). To create this diet matrix, Bryanda Wippel updated an existing diet database for the California Current ecosystem, as described in : Dufault, A. M., Marshall, K., Kaplan, I.C., (2009) A synthesis of diets and trophic overlap of marine species in the California current. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-103. U.S. Department of commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The previous database by Dufault et al. was summarized by prey functional group that in some cases lumped calcifying and non-calcifying species (e.g. benthic filter feeders). To focus on ocean acidification effects, Bryanda Wippel added species names of prey items from studies already in the database and also added new studies from another diet database compiled by the Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research: Szoboslai, A.I., Thayer, J.A., Wood, S.A., Sydeman, W.J., and Koehn, L.E. 2015. Forage species in predator diets: Synthesis of data from the California Current. Ecol. Inform. 29: 45–56. doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2015.07.003.). For predator species for which multiple diet studies are available, we averaged across sources, weighting individual studies by the number of stomachs sampled. Where possible, we have compiled diet data that represent the percent mass or percent energy of a predator diet that is composed of each prey. In some cases, however, only frequency of occurence data (or even very qualitative descriptions) are available, in which case we have used these additional data types. Note that shifts in diets through time are not well captured here (except in the individual cited studies), nor is variation in diets across space. ------------------ Please, contact Isaac Kaplan or Bryanda Wippel if you have suggestions, find errors, inconsistencies, or any other bug in the file. PLEASE CITE THE ORIGINAL AUTHORS OF THE DIET INFORMATION AND ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS when using data synthesized here. Studies are listed in the Microsoft Excel sheet, Dufault et al. (2009), and Marshall et al. (2017) Supplement 1. ********************************** CONTENTS *********************************** 1. README.txt - This file. Including a description of the variables and intent. 2. DietsOfPredatorsThatAreAdultsOrLackAgeStructure.CSV Comma separated file, representing Foodweb for Predators that are either Adults or invertebrates that lack age structure: predators as columns, prey as rows (like in Ecopath). Can be opened in Excel, or text editor, imported to R, etc. 3. DietsOfPredatorsThatAreJuveniles.CSV Comma separated file, representing Foodweb for Predators that are Juveniles: predators as columns, prey as rows (like in Ecopath) Can be opened in Excel, or text editor, imported to R, etc. 4. DietMatrixWippelUpdated_CaliforniaCurrent.xlsx This is a Microsoft Excel 2016 spreadsheet. This is the complete collection of diet information. See "NOTES" page for further instructions. Within this .xlsx file, the data are simplified on the sheet "SummaryForFoodwebPic", which was used to create the cleaner (but aggregated) CSV files listed above. ******************************************************************************* VARIABLE DESCRIPTIONS AND HEADERS OF .CSV FILES ************************ Variable names and descriptions in .CSV diet files above: First Row: PredatorCODE: This is the (typically) 3 letter code synomous with a species or species group in the Atlantis ecosystem model. Not useful for most users. Codes from Marshall et al. 2017. Second Row: PredatorAgeClass: either Juvenile or Adult, (typically split at age at maturity in the Atlantis ecosytem model). Third Row: PreyAgeClass : In these CSV files we sum over prey that are juveniles and prey that are adults, so value is always "sum of adult plus juv". See .XLSX file if you want to disaggregate. Fourth Row: columns of diet matrix, indicating the Predator Fifth Through Last Row: rows of diet matrix, indicating prey. NUMERIC VALUES in diet matrix represent proportion of the predator's diet that is composed of each prey species or prey group. ******************************************************************************* REFERENCE LIST. K.N. Marshall, I.C. Kaplan, E.E. Hodgson, A.J. Hermann, D.S. Busch, P. McElhany, T.E. Essington, C.J. Harvey, E.A. Fulton, Risks of ocean acidification in the California Current food web and fisheries: ecosystem model projections, Glob. Change Biol. (2017). doi:10.1111/gcb.13594. A.M. Dufault, K. Marshall, I.C. Kaplan, A synthesis of diets and trophic overlap of marine species in the California Current, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWSC-103 (2009). http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/assets/25/7024_12212009_134730_DietsCalCurrentTM103WebFinal.pdf. ********************************* CONTACTING ********************************** Contacts : Isaac Kaplan Isaac.Kaplan@noaa.gov Northwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Conservation Biology Division 2725 Montlake Blvd. E. Seattle WA 98112 Bryanda Wippel bjtw@u.washington.edu University of Washington School of Marine and Environmental Affairs University of Washington Box 355685 Seattle, WA 98195-5685 Additional Authors: Kristin Marshall, NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center Aaron Dufault, Washington Department of Fish and Game ***************************** ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ******************************** This work was supported by grants to support ecosystem models and management from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the David and Lucille Packard Foundation, and by support from NOAA NMFS, NOAA Ocean Acificication Program, NOAA NCCOS, and University of Washington. Key contributors to the diet literature compiled here have included Amber Szoboszlai, Julie Thayer, Bill Sydeman, John Field, Richard Brodeur, Todd Miller, Patrick Ressler, Brad Hanson and Mike Ford. We are deeply indebted to more than 75 authors listed in Appendix A of Dufault et al. (2009), who performed the diet studies summarized here. ********************************** HISTORY ************************************ version 1.0 May 2017 Documentation completed by Isaac Kaplan for DataDryad *******************************************************************************