xread 81 37 Chrysemys_picta 020001110100200000000000000000210010101110000001010001011101101?00000001110000110 Mauremys_caspica 00200112010000000000110000?100210210000010000000100000011000101?000??????????0??? Manouria_impressa 00210102010010120011000000111010101102000000010001001100200111000000000??????[0 1]??? Geochelone_elegans 1021110212101001111000000010110010210000000001000101111030011100000?????????????? Stigmochelys_pardalis 00111103121010111111000?00001111102101010100010001010?0120101120101??????????[0 1]??? Indotestudo_elongata 0013011312101022111100000000112002110100010002000100010120001000000??????????[0 1]??? Indotestudo_forstenii 00100113121010121110000000001120011101000100010001100101200110000011001010110[0 1]?10 Centrochelys_sulcata 121211021210?02?111000??00111001102101010100010011011101200011001110011111110[0 1]111 Agrionemys_horsfieldii 1011021312100011111000000000112102010010010000000100110120000000100??????????[2 3]??? Testudo_hermanni 101002031210212201110000000011210101001011000000010011012000102011010010101102110 Testudo_graeca 001102131210[0 1 2]0121111000000[0 1]011211101220000000100010011012?0010211101011110110[0 1 2 3]110 Testudo_marginata 00100[1 2]13121[0 1][0 2]0121[0 1]11000001[0 1]01121110122?????????????????????????????10111101??2110 Milia_testudinid ????????12102012111?????010011211001????????????????????????????????????????????? Testudo_kleinmanni 0003021312102012[0 1]1100000000011211001201????????????????????????????????????????10 Testudo_marmorum 020101131210?0121100000?000011211001221?????????????????????????????????????????? Testudo_antiqua 00[0 1]00[1 2]131[0 1 2]10102211100000000011211001000?????????????????????????????????????????? Kinixys_erosa 0223110101002010110100001120110010000000110101100000000110011120000?????????????? Gopherus_agassizii 002001131210100111[0 1]000000031101110010100101011100110110110001000101??????????[0 2]??? Gopherus_polyphemus 00200113121000011110001100[2 3]1101010000200111010100110110110111010101??????????[0 2]??? Astrochelys_radiata 0020010312101001110000000001110010110100010000001101110110111000111?????????????? Chelonoidis_chilensis 0221111301[0 1]0100111100000001111[0 1]010110[0 1]0111000101110111012010102021000011101100010 Chelonoidis_nigra 1222111301[0 1]0100111100000001011200021020001000101110111112010112021000111111100110 Chelonoidis_carbonaria 01[1 2]011131210100211100000000111[0 2]01011010011000101110012012000112021??????????????? Chelonoidis_denticulata 012011131210100211100000000111001021010011000101110112012010110021??????????????? Titanochelon_bolivari 01101113121010211110001100[0 1 2][0 1]112110210100010001011100110???00112??1?01111111[0 1]0?1?0 Titanochelon_vitodurana 02101?131210??21??1000110?00112110210?0?????????????????????????????????????????? Titanochelon_perpiniana 0110111312101021111000?1000011011121010????00??????????????0???????00111111?????? Titanochelon_bacharidisi ???????????010?11110???1000[0 1]111111210100010111?1???01?0????1111??1?0011111110?1?1 Achilemys_cassouleti 000001002000002000000000000010001000011?????????????????????????????????????????? Gigantochersina_ammon 00200103121010111?10000000011?211221010?????????????????????????????????????????? Namibchersus_namaquensis 022001131210100111100000000011211021000?????????????????????????????????????????? Testudo_gigas ??021????????0??1?000?00000011211001010?????????????????????????????????????????? Paleotestudo_canetotiana 00[0 1]001131210102211110000000011210000001?????????????????????????????????????????? Ergilemys_bruneti 011301131210100110110000000001201021200?????????????????????????????????????????? Hadrianus_castrensis 01130002110010110?00000000111020020001??????????????????????????????????????????? Cheirogaster_maurini 02221?131100001???00110?00111?201000010?????????????????????????????????????????? Impregnochelys_pachytestis ???00???????10?????0??????0111210011010?????????????????????????????????11??????? ; cnames {0 NUCHAL_1 hexagonal_ octagonal_; {1 NUCHAL_2 markedly_wider_than_long_ slightly_wider_than_long_or_as_long_as_wide_ markedly_longer_than_wide; {2 NUCHAL_3 first_pleural_overlaps_postero-lateral_parts_of_the_nuchal first_pleural_touches,_but_it_does_not_overlap_the_nuchal_ first_pleural_is_not_in_contact_with_the_nuchal_; {3 NUCHAL_4 notch_absent_ shallow_ deep_ significant_medial_protrusion_present_; {4 CERVICAL dorsally_present_ absent_; {5 NEURAL_NUMBER nine_neurals_ eight_neurals_ seven_neurals_or_less_; {6 NEURAL_1 hexagonal,_short_sides_positioned_posteriorly_ rectangular_; {7 NEURAL_2 rectangular hexagonal,_short_sides_positioned_anteriorly_ hexagonal,_short_sides_positioned_posteriorly octagonal_; {8 NEURAL_3 hexagonal_ rectangular_ octagonal_; {9 NEURAL_4 rectangular_ hexagonal_ octagonal_; {10 NEURAL_5 hexagonal_ rectangular_; {11 COSTAL Medial_contact_absent present_; {12 SUPRAPYGAL two,_the_contact_between_the_suprapygals_is_straight_and_perpendicular_to_the_axial_plane two,_both_suprapygals_constitute_one_trapeze_and_the_first_suprapygal_embrassing_the_lenticular_second_one_ one,_suprapygals_fused,_constituting_one_trapeze_; {13 PYGAL quadrangular_(without_small_latero-anterior_borders) quadrangular_or_hexagonal_with_small_latero-anterior_borders; {14 VERTEBRAL_1 wide_vertebrals,_wider_than_the_pleurals_ wide_vertebrals,_almost_equal_to_the_pleurals narrow_vertebrals,_narrower_than_the_pleurals; {15 VERTEBRAL_2 he_posterior_sulcus_of_the_fifth_vertebral_overlaps_the_anterior_part_of_the_pygal the_posterior_sulcus_of_the_fifth_vertebral_crosses_the_suprapygal_transversely the_posterior_sulcus_of_the_fifth_vertebral_coincides_with_the_suprapygal-pygal_suture_; {16 SUPRACAUDAL_1 two_twelfth_marginals_present_dorsally_ twelfth_marginals_fused_into_a_supracaudal_dorsally; {17 SUPRACAUDAL_2 two_twelfth_marginals_present_viscerally_ twelfth_marginals_fused_into_a_supracaudal_viscerally; {18 COINCIDENCE absent_ present_; {19 PERIPHERAL absent_or_poorly_developed_ well_developed_; {20 MARGINAL_2_with_NUCHAL absent_ present_; {21 MARGINAL_2_with_VERTEBRAL_1 absent_ present_; {22 MARGINAL_4_with_PLEURAL_2 absent_ present_; {23 MARGINAL_6_with_PLEURAL_3 absent_ present_; {24 CARAPACIAL_HINGE absent_ present_; {25 BORDER posterior_border_curved_inwards_ posterior_border_posteriorly_flared_; {26 ANTERIOR_LOBE subrounded_to_straight_ medially_notched_ trilobed_ triagonal_; {27 GULAR_PROTRUSION absent_ present_; {28 EPIPLASTRAL_LIP absent_or_poorly_developed_ present_; {29 EPIPLASTRAL_LIP_SHAPE concave_ convex_to_flat_; {30 GULARS_vs_ENTOPLASTRON not_in_contact_ in_contact_with_the_anterior_margin_ covering_the_anterior_area; {31 GULARS_ANGLE 45?_or_more_obtuse_ more_acute_; {32 HUMERAL_LENGTH humerals_equal_or_smaller_than_the_gulars_ humerals_longer_than_the_gulars_; {33 HUMEROPECTORAL_POSITION posterior_to_the_entoplastron_ coinciding_medially_with_the_posterior_suture_of_the_entoplastron crossing_the_entoplastron_; {34 HUMEROPECTORAL_SHAPE not_perpendicular_to_the_axial_plane,_rounded_or_forming_a_wide_angle_ perpendicular_to_the_axial_plane,_relatively_straight_throughout_its_width_ perpendicular_to_the_axial_plane,_with_a_well-developed_lateral_change_of_curvature; {35 PECTORAL_LENGTH long short; {36 PLASTRAL_HINGE absent_ present,_between_hyoplastra_and_hypoplastra_ present,_between_hypoplastra_and_xiphiplastra; {37 FEMOROANAL_SHAPE acute_angle_with_the_axial_plane_ straight_or_slightly_rounded,_developed_mainly_perpendicular_with_the_axial_plane forms_S-shaped_curve_laterally; {38 ANAL_LENGTH shorter_than_the_median_length_of_femoral_ longer_than_the_medial_length_of_femoral_; {39 FRONTAL_vs_ORBIT participates_to_the_formation_of_the_orbital_rim_ excluded_from_the_orbit; {40 FRONTAL_vs_PREFRONTALS frontals_longer_than_prefrontals_ prefrontals_longer_than_frontals; {41 DESCENDING_FRONTAL absent,_or_very_small_ present,_well-developed_; {42 SULCUS_OLFACTURIUS ventrally_open_ ventrally_nearly_closed_; {43 FOSSA_ORBITALIS_POSITION anterior_to_middle_ posterior_; {44 VENTRAL_TEMPORAL_EMARGINATION small_ extensive_; {45 MAX-PRE_SYMPHYSIS_HEIGHT short,_shorter_than_the_height_of_fossa_nasalis_ short,_shorter_than_the_height_of_fossa_nasalis,_but_with_the_development_of_a_dorsal_projection_ high,_taller_than_the_height_of_fossa_nasalis; {46 PREMAX_RIDGE absent_ present_; {47 PREMAX_PIT absent_ present_; {48 MAX-PREMAX_RIDGE absent_ present_; {49 TRITURATING_RIDGES one,_labial_only three; {50 LINGUAL_RIDGE restricted_to_maxilla_ extending_onto_premaxillae_; {51 LABIAL_RIDGE absent_ present_; {52 POSTERIOR_MAX_PROCESS absent_ present_; {53 MEDIAN_MAX_RIDGE absent_ present,_restricted_to_maxilla present,_extending_to_premaxilla; {54 MAX_RIDGE absent_ present_; {55 VOMER_RIDGE absent_ present_; {56 VOMER vomer_short,_not_dividing_the_palatines_ vomer_dividing_the_palatines,_not_the_pterygoids vomer_diving_part_of_the_pterygoids,_not_reaching_the_basisphenoid_ vomer_dividing_palatines_and_pterygoids,_reaching_the_basisphenoid_; {57 PTERYGOID-BASIOCCIPITAL present_ absent_; {58 FORAMEN_PRAEPALATINUM visible_ not_visible_in_ventral_view_-_foramina_may_be_concealed_by_lingual_extensions_of_the_maxillary_alveolar_ridges_; {59 SQUAMOSALS not_extending_ extending_beyond_the_condylus_occipitalis_; {60 CRISTA_SUPRAOCCIPITALIS_LENGTH not_extending_ extending_beyond_the_condylus_occipitalis_; {61 CRISTA_SUPRAOCCIPITALIS_KEELS absent_ present_; {62 CRISTA_SUPRAOCCIPITALIS_SHAPE straight_ bended_inwards_ elevated_posteriorly_; {63 PARIETAL_vs_QUADRATE_contact absent_ present_; {64 OPISTHOTIC not_expanded,_fenestra_postotica_open_ expanded,_could_contact_exoccipital expanded,_contacting_the_pterygoid_; {65 PROCESSUS_TROCHLEARIS_OTICUM absent,_or_small_ large; {66 FORAMEN_NERVI_TRIGEMINI one two; {67 HUMERUS_DIAPHYSIS slightly_curved_ well-developed_curvature_; {68 HUMERUS_DISTAL_END symmetric_ asymmetric_; {69 HUMERUS_SCAR absent_or_reduced_ present_; {70 HUMERUS_MAJOR_TROCHANTER short,_not_extending_beyond_the_humeral_head_ long,_extending_beyond_the_humeral_head_; {71 SCAPULA_GLENOID_FOSSA relatively_short_ elongated_; {72 CORACOID long_and_narrow fan-shaped; {73 FEMUR_HEAD_ANGLE relatively_large_angle_ femoral_head_developed_almost_perpendicular_to_the_diaphysis_; {74 FEMUR_TROCHANTERS not_fused fused_; {75 MED_+_LAT_CENTRALE not_fused fused_; {76 ULN_+_INTERMEDIUM not_fused fused_; {77 MANUS two_phalanges_in_all_digits_ one_phalanx_in_fifth_finger_ one_phalanx_in_first_and_fifth_finger one_phalanx_in_second_and_fifth_finger_; {78 AS_+_CAL not_fused fused_; {79 PES_5th_PHALANX present_ absent; {80 THIGH_SPURS absent present_; ; proc /; comments 0 ;