This README file was generated on 2026-07-24 by Antoni Vivó Pons.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Access this dataset on Dryad: 10.5061/dryad.02v6wwqgg

1. Title of Dataset: Disentangling the effects of abiotic and biotic processes on non-indigenous species dominance
2. Author Information
   A. Principal Investigator Contact Information
   Name: Antoni Vivó-Pons
   Institution: Marine Ecology department, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC)
   Address: Blanes, Girona, Spain
   Email: antoni.vivo@ceab.csic.es
3. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date): N/A
4. Geographic location of data collection: Worldwide

SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION

1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain

2. Links to publications that cite or use the data:

   Vivó-Pons, A., Jaspers, C., Seebens, H., Thorson, J., Lusseau, D., Lindegren, M. (2026). Data from: Global patterns and processes of establishment risk by non-indigenous marine fish.

3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data:

   • AquaMaps: https://www.aquamaps.org/
   • FishLife: https://github.com/James-Thorson-NOAA/FishLife
   • MarInvaders: https://marinvaders.atlantis-erc.eu/
   • Ocean Health Index, cumulative human impacts: https://oceanhealthindex.org/resources/data/cumulative-human-impacts/
   • Marine Ecoregions of the World: https://www.marineregions.org/
   • World Register of Introduced Marine Species: https://www.marinespecies.org/introduced/index.php

4. Instructions to access source data:

   • Species potential occurrence from AquaMaps (under CC BY-NC 3.0 license):
     • Data on species probability of occurrence was provided by the AquaMaps team. Data descriptions can be found at aquamapsdata or by contacting the associated team. In the same portal there is a dedicated section to request the needed data.
     • Data files needed to produce the outputs (version 2021) and data description:
       1. Metadata for all datasets found in the R package and in the main aquamapsdata folder.
       2. Local SQL data repository where all data from AquaMaps is stored and accessed with the package functions. See script Update aquamapsdata for further details. Named as am Data Base file in the descriptions.
       3. Characteristics for all individual cells. Stored in SQL format (hcaf). Variables are further described in All_cells_AquaMaps.txt data file.
       4. All native range cells for global fishes (hcaf_species_native_fish). Stored in SQL format. This information needs to be specifically asked to the AquaMaps team.
       5. All native range cells for the list of NIS (hcaf_species_native_NIS_list). Stored in SQL format. This information needs to be specifically asked to the AquaMaps team.
       6. All potential range cells for the list of NIS (hcaf_species_suitable_NIS_list). Stored in SQL format. This information needs to be specifically asked to the AquaMaps team.
       7. Input data used to generate a species’environmental envelopes and the envelopes themselves (hspen_fish). Stored in SQL format. This information needs to be specifically asked to the AquaMaps team.
       8. Summary of species occurrences (speciesoccursum_fish). Stored in SQL format. This information needs to be specifically asked to the AquaMaps team.
     • All data files from source are stored in SQL format, therefore they need to be updated. A dedicated script with the corresponding explanations is found in the Code folder, see Update aquamapsdata script.
   • Raw trait data for global fishes from FishLife can be accessed by installing the FishLife R package or by accessing the corresponding GitHub repository.

5. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: None

6. Was data derived from another source? No

7. Recommended citation for this dataset:

Vivó-Pons, A., Jaspers, C., Seebens, H., Thorson, J., Lusseau, D., Lindegren, M. (2026). Data from: Global patterns and processes of establishment risk by non-indigenous marine fish. Dryad Digital Repository.

Further clarifications:

• Missing information: Empty cells have been infilled with NA (Not Available). In such cases, data was either unavailable from the source or couldn’t be computed. The code and analyses are designed to handle such missing values.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA AND FILE STRUCTURE

Details about all files contained in the NIS_risk.zip folder:

1. File List:
   1. In Data folder:
      1. All_cells_AquaMaps.txt (not included in this deposit; accessible from AquaMaps by following the instructions in point 4 in SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION above)
      2. All_traits_clean.txt
      3. Aquaculture_fish.txt
      4. cumulative_impacts.txt
      5. dist_matrix_gawdis.R
      6. Final_traits_num.txt
      7. fish_sp_filtered.txt
      8. Initial_metrics.txt
      9. Joint_components.txt
      10. NIS_risk_metrics.txt
   2. In All_species_metrics subfolder: Generated metrics for all NIS in their potential range. Variable names are the same as in Initial_metrics.txt. Files not included in this deposit due to large size.
   3. In All_species_metrics_native subfolder: Generated metrics for all NIS in their native range, used for posterior range corrections. Variable names are the same as in Initial_metrics.txt. Files not included in this deposit due to large size.
   4. In Connectivity subfolder:
      1. matrix_invasion_risk.txt
      2. Native_regions.R
      3. ports_total_risk.txt
      4. ports_link_list.txt
      5. port-to-port_risk.txt
      6. Regions.R
      7. risk_matr_ecoreg.R
      8. risk_matr_province.R
      9. risk_matr_realm.R
   5. In Cumul_impact subfolder: All TIFF objects corresponding to cumulative human impacts, extracted from Halpern et al (2019) and Ocean Health Index. Files not included in this deposit due to large size.
   6. In MEOW subfolder: Shapefiles corresponding to the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et. al., 2007)
   7. In Models subfolder: GAMM objects derived from Script 5. Cumulative impacts, MPAs and risk (Fig 5; Fig S4; Table S2)
   8. In WRiMS subfolder: Needed NIS checklists for Script 6. Comparison of risk with established NIS (Fig 6, Fig S5, Table S3)
2. Relationship between files, if important:
   • Initial_metrics.txt is derived from all files within the Data subfolders All_species_metrics and All_species_metrics_native. From the Initial_metrics.txt file, first we derive the Joint_components.txt and finally we obtain the NIS_risk_metrics.txt file, which is the final file used to produce all figures.
   • All_traits_clean.txt is derived from the Final_traits_num.txt file
3. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: Detalied in previous section.

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: All_cells_AquaMaps.txt

Specific information for each half-degree cell. This file is not included in this deposit due to AquaMaps CC BY-NC 3.0 licensing, but can be extracted from aquamapsdata.

1. Number of variables: 58
2. Number of cases/rows: 259200
3. Variable List:
   • ID: Unique HCAF ID, for internal use only.
   • CsquareCode: A unique identifier for every half-degree cell in the global map based on the c-square method - a hierarchical cell labelling system developed at CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (then CSIRO Marine Research). Example: 3414:227:3
   • LOICZID: LOICZ ID numbers are long integers from 1 to 259200. They begin with the cell centered at 89.75°N latitude and 179.75°W longitude and proceed west to east...
   • NLimit: Northern boundary of cell in decimal degrees latitude (positive in N hemisphere, negative in S hemisphere)...
   • Slimit: Southern boundary of cell in decimal degrees latitude (positive in N hemisphere, negative in S hemisphere)...
   • WLimit: Western boundary of cell in decimal degrees latitude (positive in E hemisphere, negative in W hemisphere)...
   • ELimit: Eastern boundary of cell in decimal degrees latitude (positive in E hemisphere, negative in W hemisphere)...
   • CenterLat: The center point of the cell in decimal degrees latitude.
   • CenterLong: The center point of the cell in decimal degrees longitude.
   • CellArea: The total area inside the cell in square kilometers, using WGS84 and Miller cylindrical projection.
   • OceanArea: The area in the cell that is normally covered by sea water or permanent ice.
   • PWater: Proportion of water in each cell.
   • ClimZoneCode: Climate zone to which the cell belongs based on climate zone shape file in SAU database.
   • FAOAreaM: Code number of FAO statistical area to which the cell belongs, for all oceanic and coastal cells.
   • FAOAreaIn: Code number of FAO statistical area to which the cell belongs, for all inland and coastal cells.
   • CountryMain: UN code number of country, island or area to which the largest land area of the cell belongs.
   • CountrySecond: UN code number of country, island or area to which the second largest land area of the cell belongs.
   • CountryThird: UN code number of country, island or area to which the third largest land area of the cell belongs.
   • CountrySubMain: ISO code number of state, province, region to which the largest land area of the cell belongs.
   • CountrySubSecond: ISO code number of state, province, region to which the second largest land area of the cell belongs.
   • CountrySubThird: ISO code number of state, province, region to which the third largest land area of the cell belongs.
   • EEZ: Code number of country, island or area to which the EEZ area in the cell belongs.
   • LME: Code number of the large marine ecosystem to which the cell belongs, as given by NOAA.
   • LMEBorder: Tags whether or not cell lies along the border of an LME. 0 = No, 1 = Yes.
   • MEOW: 5-digit code referring to the marine ecoregion the cell belongs to, as assigned by MEOW.
   • OceanBasin: Major ocean basins of the world, with north and south sub-basins separated by latitude.
   • IslandsNo: Number of coastal or oceanic islands contained in cell.
   • Area0_20: Area in cell from 0–20 m depth, in square kilometers.
   • Area20_40: Area in cell from 20–40 m depth, in square kilometers.
   • Area40_60: Area in cell from 40–60 m depth, in square kilometers.
   • Area60_80: Area in cell from 60–80 m depth, in square kilometers.
   • Area80_100: Area in cell from 80–100 m depth, in square kilometers.
   • AreaBelow100: Area in cell below 100 m depth, in square kilometers.
   • ElevationMin: Minimum elevation above sea level in meters.
   • ElevationMax: Maximum elevation above sea level in meters.
   • ElevationMean: Mean elevation above sea level in meters.
   • ElevationSD: Standard deviation of elevation above sea level in meters.
   • DepthMin: Minimum bathymetric depth in the cell (m; negative values).
   • DepthMax: Maximum bathymetric depth in the cell (m; negative values).
   • DepthMean: Mean bathymetric depth in the cell (m; negative values).
   • DepthSD: Standard deviation of depth below sea level in meters.
   • SSTAnMean: Mean annual sea surface temperature (2000–2014) in °C.
   • SBTAnMean: Mean annual sea bottom temperature (2000–2014) in °C.
   • SalinityMean: Mean annual surface salinity (2000–2014), practical salinity scale.
   • SalinityBMean: Mean annual bottom salinity (2000–2014), practical salinity scale.
   • PrimProdMean: Annual surface primary production in mg C·m⁻³·day⁻¹.
   • IceConAnn: Mean annual sea ice concentration (fraction 0–1).
   • OxyMean: Mean annual surface oxygen concentration in mmol/m³.
   • OxyBMean: Mean annual bottom oxygen concentration in mmol/m³.
   • LandDist: Distance (km) to the nearest coastal cell (for water cells).
   • Shelf: Water area within the shelf zone (0–200 m depth).
   • Slope: Water area within the slope zone (200–4000 m depth).
   • Abyssal: Water area within the abyssal zone (>4000 m depth).
   • TidalRange: Scaled discrete class for tidal range from LOICZ.
   • Coral: Proportion of cell covered by coral.
   • Estuary: Area covered by estuaries in the cell.
   • Seamount: Number of known seamounts in the cell.
   • MPA: Proportion of the cell covered by a Marine Protected Area.

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: All_traits_clean.txt

Clean trait data for all included species of fish. More detailed definitions of such traits can be found at FishBase Glossary.

1. Number of variables: 25
2. Number of cases/rows: 9452
3. Variable List: In this case each column accounts for a specific trait modality (further described in Thorson et. al., 2023), showing the specific values associated to each taxon.
   • age_max: Maximum age of species (years) natural log transformed.
   • trophic_level: Trophic level of species.
   • aspect_ratio: Dimensionless ratio expressing how elongated the shape of a flat organ is, natural log transformed. Calculated for the caudal fin as the ratio h^{2/s, where h}2 is the height squared and s the surface of that fin.
   • fecundity: Number of eggs an animal produces during each reproductive cycle; the potential reproductive capacity of an organism or population, natural log transformed.
   • growth_coefficient: Measures how fast a fish species approaches its maximum theoretical size, natural log transformed. Expressed in units of 1/year.
   • length_max: Maximum length recorded from a stock (cm), natural log transformed
   • length_maturity: Length or size at which 50% of the individuals in a population become sexually mature (cm) natural log transformed
   • age_maturity: Mean or median age when 50% of a fish population or cohort spawns for the first time (years), natural log transformed
   • offspring_size: Typical size of the offspring from a particular species (cm), natural log transformed
   • spawning_typenon_guarders: Not guarding their brood. Modality for the spawning type trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • spawning_typeguarders: Guarding their brood. Modality for the spawning type trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • spawning_typebearers: Bearing their brood. Modality for the spawning type trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • habitatdemersal: Sinking to or lying on the bottom; living on or near the bottom and feeding on benthic organisms. Modality for the habitat trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • habitatbenthopelagic: Living and feeding near the bottom as well as in midwaters or near the surface. Modality for the habitat trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • habitatreef-associated: Living and feeding on or near coral reefs. Modality for the habitat trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • habitatbathymetric: Living in the deep, dark open ocean, mainly in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones. Modality for the habitat trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • habitatpelagic: Living and feeding in the open sea; associated with the surface or middle depths of a body of water. Modality for the habitat trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • feeding_modemacrofauna: Feeding on animals that get larger than one centimeter. Modality for the feeding mode trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • feeding_modeplanktivorous_or_other: Feeding on plankton, e.g., most fish larvae and many pelagic fishes. Modality for the feeding mode trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • feeding_modegeneralist: Consume varied resources across multiple habitats rather than specializing in one. Modality for the feeding mode trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • body_shapeelongated: Slender, stretched-out fish whose body length is significantly greater than its depth or width. Modality for the body shape trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • body_shapefusiform_normal: Streamlined, spindle-shaped, or torpedo-like body design that tapers at both ends and creates minimal drag. This profile is considered the typical "fish shape". Modality for the body shape trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • body_shapeshort_and_or_deep: Fishes that have a high body depth relative to their standard length or a noticeably compressed, compact longitudinal profile (such as typical-sized snappers, surgeonfishes, or flatfishes). Modality for the body shape trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • body_shapeeel-like: Fish with long, slender, snake-like bodies, reduced or missing fins, and flexible movement. Modality for the body shape trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.
   • body_shapeother: Used to denote unique forms that not fall into the other categories. Modality for the body shape trait, fuzzy coded, expressed as the likelihood (0-1) that a certain species expresses this modality.

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Aquaculture_fish.txt

1. Number of variables: 1
2. Number of cases/rows: 151
3. Variable List:
   • Valid_name: Species names

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: cumulative_impacts.txt

1. Number of variables: 1500
2. Number of cases/rows: 6
3. Variable List:
   • CsquareCode: A unique identifier for every half-degree cell in the global map based on the c-square method - a hierarchical cell labelling system developed at CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (then CSIRO Marine Research). Example: 3414:227:3
   • CenterLong: The center point of the cell in decimal degrees longitude.
   • CenterLat: The center point of the cell in decimal degrees latitude.
   • REALM: Name of the Marine Realm where that cell belongs
   • PROVINCE: Name of the Marine Province where that cell belongs
   • ECOREGION: Name of the Marine Ecoregion where that cell belongs
   • MEOW: 5-digit code referring to the marine ecoregion the cell belongs to, as assigned by MEOW.
   • art_fish: Tonnes of artisanal fisheries catch standardized by Net Primary Productivity
   • demersal_destructive: Tonnes of catch using demersal destructive gear types, standardized by Net Primary Productivity
   • demersal_low_bycatch: Tonnes of demersal fisheries catch using nondestructive and low bycatch gear types, standardized by Net Primary Productivity
   • pelagic_high_bycatch: Tonnes of pelagic fisheries catch using high bycatch gear types, standardized by Net Primary Productivity
   • cumul_imp: The cumulative impact of all 14 stressors on 21 marine habitats.
   • direct_human: Magnitude of direct human interactions on coastal and near-coastal habitats, such as trampling
   • shipping: Relative intensity of global shipping traffic
   • sst: Frequency of extreme temperature events relative to a historical baseline period

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: dist_matrix_gawdis.R

Overall pairwise matrix of functional distances between species.

Use the readRDS() command to open this dataframe in R.

1. Number of variables: 9452
2. Number of cases/rows: 9452

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: fish_sp_filtered.txt

List of fish species included, with data from FishBase and AquaMaps

1. Number of variables: 13
2. Number of cases/rows: 9861
3. Variable List:
   • SpeciesID: AquaMaps’ unique identifier for a valid species used by the Catalogue of Life Annual Checklist (www.catalogueoflife.org). Example for the whale shark: Fis-30583
   • SpecCode: Species identifier used in FishBase or SeaLifeBase
   • Species: Complete species name
   • Genus: Genus to which the species belongs
   • AphiaID: AphiaID unique identifyer.
   • Class: Class to which the species belongs
   • Order: Order to which the species belongs
   • Family: Family to which the species belongs
   • Fresh: Yes (1) / No (0) fields that indicate whether the species occurs in the freshwater environment, at any stage of its development.
   • Brack: Yes (1) / No (0) fields that indicate whether the species occurs in the brackish environment, at any stage of its development.
   • Saltwater: Yes (1) / No (0) fields that indicate whether the species occurs in the marine environment, at any stage of its development.
   • DemersPelag: Indicates the particular environment preferred by the species.
   • AnaCat: Migration spawning patterns of the species.

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Initial_metrics.txt

Database with environmental suitability (Component II) and degree of niche overlap (Component III) for each NIS, in each cell for their potential and native range

1. Number of variables: 36
2. Number of cases/rows: 911555
3. Variable List:
   • MEOW: 5-digit code referring to the marine ecoregion the cell belongs to, as assigned by MEOW.
   • SpeciesID: AquaMaps’ unique identifier for a valid species used by the Catalogue of Life Annual Checklist (www.catalogueoflife.org). Example for the whale shark: Fis-30583
   • Valid_name: Complete species name.
   • CsquareCode: A unique identifier for every half-degree cell in the global map based on the c-square method - a hierarchical cell labelling system developed at CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (then CSIRO Marine Research). Example: 3414:227:3
   • uniq_coords: Joint longitude and latitude for that cell
   • Probability: Relative habitat suitability scores from AquaMaps (i.e. environmental suitability)
   • ID: Unique HCAF ID, for internal use only.
   • CenterLat: The center point of the cell in decimal degrees latitude.
   • CenterLong: The center point of the cell in decimal degrees longitude.
   • NLimit: Northern boundary of cell in decimal degrees latitude (positive in N hemisphere, negative in S hemisphere)...
   • Slimit: Southern boundary of cell in decimal degrees latitude (positive in N hemisphere, negative in S hemisphere)...
   • WLimit: Western boundary of cell in decimal degrees latitude (positive in E hemisphere, negative in W hemisphere)...
   • ELimit: Eastern boundary of cell in decimal degrees latitude (positive in E hemisphere, negative in W hemisphere)...>)
   • LME: Code number of the large marine ecosystem to which the cell belongs, as given by NOAA (http://www.lme.noaa.gov), for all coastal and oceanic cells.
   • LMEBorder: Tags whether or not cell lies along the border of an LME. 0=No, 1=Yes
   • DepthMin: Minimum bathymetric depth (m) in the cell (negative values).
   • DepthMax: Maximum bathymetric depth (m) in the cell (negative values).
   • DepthMean: Mean bathymetric depth (m) in the cell (negative values).
   • DepthSD: Standard deviation of depth below sea level in meters.
   • SSTAnMean: Mean annual sea surface temperature (2000–2014) in °C.
   • SBTAnMean: Mean annual sea bottom temperature (2000–2014) in °C.
   • SalinityMean: Mean annual surface salinity (2000–2014), practical salinity scale.
   • SalinityBMean: Mean annual bottom salinity (2000–2014), practical salinity scale.
   • PrimProdMean: Annual surface primary production in mg C·m⁻³·day⁻¹.
   • OxyMean: Mean annual surface oxygen concentration in mmol/m³.
   • OxyBMean: Mean annual bottom oxygen concentration in mmol/m³.
   • Shelf: The water area of the cell that lies within the shelf zone (0 - 200m depth); based on min/max elevation and proportion in depth zone.
   • MPA: Proportion of cell covered by a Marine Protected Area.
   • Di: Functional distinctiveness of each NIS in each cell compared to the potential native community, not scaled
   • Di_scaled_cell: Functional distinctiveness of each NIS in each cell compared to the potential native community, with the functional distances matrix scaled for each cell
   • rich: Native species richness
   • rich_with_trait: Native species richness with available trait information
   • range: Potential or native range of NIS.
   • ECOREGION: Name of the Marine Ecoregion where that cell belongs
   • PROVINCE: Name of the Marine Province where that cell belongs
   • REALM: Name of the Marine Realm where that cell belongs

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Joint_components.txt

Database with all components together: Connectivity (Component I), environmental suitability (Component II) and degree of niche ovelap (Component III) for each NIS, in each cell for their potential and native range

1. Number of variables: 30
2. Number of cases/rows: 891104
3. Variable List:
   • MEOW: 5-digit code referring to the marine ecoregion the cell belongs to, as assigned by MEOW.
   • SpeciesID: AquaMaps’ unique identifier for a valid species used by the Catalogue of Life Annual Checklist (www.catalogueoflife.org). Example for the whale shark: Fis-30583
   • Valid_name: Complete species name.
   • CsquareCode: A unique identifier for every half-degree cell in the global map based on the c-square method - a hierarchical cell labelling system developed at CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (then CSIRO Marine Research). Example: 3414:227:3
   • uniq_coords: Joint longitude and latitude for that cell
   • Probability: Relative habitat suitability scores from AquaMaps (i.e. environmental suitability)
   • ID: Unique HCAF ID, for internal use only.
   • CenterLat: The center point of the cell in decimal degrees latitude.
   • CenterLong: The center point of the cell in decimal degrees longitude.
   • MPA: Proportion of cell covered by a Marine Protected Area.
   • Di: Functional distinctiveness of each NIS in each cell compared to the potential native community, not scaled
   • Di_scaled_cell: Functional distinctiveness of each NIS in each cell compared to the potential native community, with the functional distances matrix scaled for each cell
   • rich: Native species richness
   • rich_with_trait: Native species richness with available trait information
   • range: Potential or native range of NIS.
   • ECOREGION: Name of the Marine Ecoregion where that cell belongs
   • PROVINCE: Name of the Marine Province where that cell belongs
   • REALM: Name of the Marine Realm where that cell belongs
   • Di_scaled: Functional distinctiveness of each NIS in each cell compared to the potential native community, with the distinctiveness values scaled for each NIS’ potential range
   • inv_risk: Port-to-port connectivity values aggregated by Marine Ecoregion
   • native_area: Native ecoregions for that NIS.
   • inv_risk_pr: Port-to-port connectivity values aggregated by Marine Province
   • inv_risk_rlm: Port-to-port connectivity values aggregated by Marine Realm
   • inv_risk_scaled: Scaled connectivity values for the potential range of each NIS. In this case it was the connectivity values aggregated by province.
   • rescaled_cell_Di: Functional distinctiveness of each NIS in each cell compared to the potential native community, with the distinctiveness values scaled for each NIS’ potential range. Duplicated from Di_scaled, none were used at the end.
   • status: introduced status of NIS, with three options; range expansion, introd, uncertain; used to re-classify NIS
   • pathway: Possible introduction pathway of NIS
   • aquaculture: Binary identifier if a certain NIS has interest in aquaculture (YES/NO)
   • lessepsian: Binary identifier if a certain NIS is a lessepsian migrant (YES/NO)
   • ornamental: Binary identifier if a certain NIS has an ornamental interest (YES/NO)

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: WRiMS/LME_ecoregions.txt

Corresponding regions between Large Marine Ecosystems (LME) and biogeographic realms, provinces and ecoregions form Spalding et. al., 2007.

1. Number of variables: 6
2. Number of cases/rows: 298
3. Variable List:
   • ECOREGION: Name of the Marine Ecoregion.
   • PROVINCE: Name of the Marine Province.
   • Region: Name of the Large Marine Ecosystem.
   • REALM: Name of the Marine Realm.
   • ECO_CODE: Code of the Marine Ecoregion.
   • Identifyer: Code of the Large Marine Ecosystem.

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: WRiMS/NIS_list_WRiMS_detect_wild.txt; /NIS_list_WRiMS_established.txt; /NIS_list_WRiMS_estexp.txt

Checklists from WRiMS for the comparison between risk metrics and established range of NIS.

1. Number of variables: 26
2. Number of cases/rows: 63; 232; 22
3. Variable List:
   • AphiaID: AphiaID unique identifyer.
   • ScientificName: Complete species name.
   • Authority: Authority from the species name
   • AphiaID_accepted: Accepted AphiaID unique identifyer.
   • ScientificName_accepted: Accepted complete species name.
   • Authority_accepted: Accepted authority from the species name
   • isValid: Validity of the record, Yes (1) / No (0)
   • isCertain: Certainty of the record, Yes (1) / No (0)
   • DrID: ID of the record
   • Locality: Locality of the record
   • Latitude: Latitude of the record
   • Longitude: Latitude of the record
   • Source: Source of the record
   • isTypelocality: Type of locality associated with the record, Yes (1) / No (0)
   • isSpecimen: Specimen associated with the record, Yes (1) / No (0)
   • MinDepth: Minimum depth (m)
   • MaxDepth: Maximum depth (m)
   • Kingdom: Kingdom to which the species belongs
   • Phylum: Phylum to which the species belongs
   • Class: Class to which the species belongs
   • Order: Order to which the species belongs
   • Family: Family to which the species belongs
   • Genus: Genus to which the species belongs
   • Subgenus: Subgenus to which the species belongs
   • Species: Species name
   • Subspecies: subspecies name

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: NIS_risk_metrics.txt

Database with all components and the computed establishment risk metrics for each NIS, in each cell for their potential and native range.

1. Number of variables: 34
2. Number of cases/rows: 891104
3. Variable List:
   • MEOW: 5-digit code referring to the marine ecoregion the cell belongs to, as assigned by MEOW.
   • SpeciesID: AquaMaps’ unique identifier for a valid species used by the Catalogue of Life Annual Checklist (www.catalogueoflife.org). Example for the whale shark: Fis-30583
   • Valid_name: Complete species name.
   • CsquareCode: A unique identifier for every half-degree cell in the global map based on the c-square method - a hierarchical cell labelling system developed at CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (then CSIRO Marine Research). Example: 3414:227:3
   • uniq_coords: Joint longitude and latitude for that cell
   • Probability: Relative habitat suitability scores from AquaMaps (i.e. environmental suitability)
   • ID: Unique HCAF ID, for internal use only.
   • CenterLat: The center point of the cell in decimal degrees latitude.
   • CenterLong: The center point of the cell in decimal degrees longitude.
   • MPA: Proportion of cell covered by a Marine Protected Area.
   • Di: Functional distinctiveness of each NIS in each cell compared to the potential native community, not scaled
   • Di_scaled_cell: Functional distinctiveness of each NIS in each cell compared to the potential native community, with the functional distances matrix scaled for each cell
   • rich: Native species richness
   • rich_with_trait: Native species richness with available trait information
   • range: Potential or native range of NIS.
   • ECOREGION: Name of the Marine Ecoregion where that cell belongs
   • PROVINCE: Name of the Marine Province where that cell belongs
   • REALM: Name of the Marine Realm where that cell belongs
   • Di_scaled: Functional distinctiveness of each NIS in each cell compared to the potential native community, with the distinctiveness values scaled for each NIS’ potential range
   • inv_risk: Port-to-port connectivity values aggregated by Marine Ecoregion
   • native_area: Native ecoregions for that NIS.
   • inv_risk_pr: Port-to-port connectivity values aggregated by Marine Province
   • inv_risk_rlm: Port-to-port connectivity values aggregated by Marine Realm
   • inv_risk_scaled: Scaled connectivity values for the potential range of each NIS. In this case it was the connectivity values aggregated by province.
   • rescaled_cell_Di: Functional distinctiveness of each NIS in each cell compared to the potential native community, with the distinctiveness values scaled for each NIS’ potential range. Duplicated from Di_scaled, none were used at the end.
   • status: introduced status of NIS, with three options; range expansion, introd, uncertain; used to re-classify NIS
   • pathway: Possible introduction pathway of NIS
   • aquaculture: Binary identifier if a certain NIS has interest in aquaculture, Yes (1) / No (0)
   • lessepsian: Binary identifier if a certain NIS is a lessepsian migrant, Yes (1) / No (0)
   • ornamental: Binary identifier if a certain NIS has an ornamental interest, Yes (1) / No (0)
   • risk_sum: Establishment risk obtained as the sum of all components. Risk in native range was set to 0.
   • risk_prod: Establishment risk obtained as the product of all components. Risk in native range was set to 0.
   • risk_scaled: Standardized establishment risk based on the sum of components for each NIS across their potential range. Risk in native range was set to 0.
   • risk_scaled_prod: Standardized establishment risk based on the product of components for each NIS across their potential range. Risk in native range was set to 0.

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Connectivity/matrix_invasion_risk.txt

Matrix of mutual invasion risks between ecoregions obtained from Seebens et al (2013).

1. Number of variables: 16
2. Number of cases/rows: 18
3. Variable List: Pairwise invasion risk matrix between ecoregions, corresponding to Table S3 from Seebens et al (2013)

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Connectivity/Native_regions.R

List of all native marine ecoregions for each specific NIS.

Use the readRDS() command to open this dataframe in R.

1. Number of variables: 127 elements

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Connectivity/port_total_risk.txt

Total aggregated invasion risk for each port.

1. Number of variables: 2
2. Number of cases/rows: 1469
3. Variable List:
   • V1: Corresponds to the port name. This is corrected in the script.
   • V2: Corresponds to the aggregated risk throughout all connections.

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Connectivity/ports_link_list.txt

Information of each port included in the connectivity component, based on Seebens et al (2013).

1. Number of variables: 12
2. Number of cases/rows: 1512
3. Variable List:
   • Country: Country where each port is found
   • Port: Port’s name
   • lon: Longitude of the port in decimal degrees
   • lat: Latitude of the port in decimal degrees
   • Temp: Surface water temperatures from the World Ocean Atlas (WOA, http://www.nodc.noaa.gov)
   • Sal: Surface water salinity from Lloyd’s Register Fairplay (http://www.portguide.com)
   • Nit: Nitrate concentration from the World Ocean Atlas (WOA, http://www.nodc.noaa.gov)
   • Phos: Phospate concentration from the World Ocean Atlas (WOA, http://www.nodc.noaa.gov)
   • Sil: Silicate concentration from the World Ocean Atlas (WOA, http://www.nodc.noaa.gov)
   • Tmin: Minimum surface water temperature from the World Ocean Atlas (WOA, http://www.nodc.noaa.gov)
   • Ecoregion: Marine Ecoregion where that port belongs
   • Continent: Continent where that port belongs

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Connectivity/port-to-port_risk.txt

Pairwise connectivity values between all ports, based on Seebens et al (2013).

1. Number of variables: 3
2. Number of cases/rows: 512603
3. Variable List:
   • port_orig: Source port
   • port_dest: Destination port
   • risk: Connectivity value between them

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Connectivity/Regions.R

List of all marine ecoregions within the potential range for each specific NIS.

Use the readRDS() command to open this dataframe in R.

1. Number of variables: 127 elements

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Connectivity/risk_matr_ecoreg.R

Aggregated connectivity values between Ecoregions.

Use the readRDS() command to open this dataframe in R.

1. Number of variables: 9
2. Number of cases/rows: 6335
3. Variable List:
   • ecoreg_origin: Source Ecoregion name
   • MEOW_origin: 5-digit code referring to the marine ecoregion acting as source of NIS, as assigned by MEOW.
   • ecoreg_dest: Destination Ecoregion name
   • MEOW_dest: 5-digit code referring to the destination marine ecoregion of NIS, as assigned by MEOW.
   • province_orig: Source Province name
   • province_dest: Destination Province name
   • realm_orig: Source Realm name
   • realm_dest: Destination Realm name
   • risk: Aggregated connectivity value between Ecoregions

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Connectivity/risk_matr_province.R

Aggregated connectivity values between Provinces.

Use the readRDS() command to open this dataframe in R.

1. Number of variables: 5
2. Number of cases/rows: 1217
3. Variable List:
   • province_orig: Source Province name
   • province_dest: Destination Province name
   • realm_orig: Source Realm name
   • realm_dest: Destination Realm name
   • risk: Aggregated connectivity value between Provinces

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Connectivity/risk_matr_province_canals.R

Aggregated connectivity values between Provinces accounting for the man-made canals (Suez, Kiel, Panama).

Use the readRDS() command to open this dataframe in R.

1. Number of variables: 5
2. Number of cases/rows: 1217
3. Variable List:
   • province_orig: Source Province name
   • province_dest: Destination Province name
   • realm_orig: Source Realm name
   • realm_dest: Destination Realm name
   • risk: Aggregated connectivity value between Provinces

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Connectivity/risk_matr_realm.R

Aggregated connectivity values between Realms.

Use the readRDS() command to open this dataframe in R.

1. Number of variables: 3
2. Number of cases/rows: 117
3. Variable List:
   • realm_orig: Source Realm name
   • realm_dest: Destination Realm name
   • risk: Aggregated connectivity value between Realms

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CODE/SOFTWARE

Libraries and functions. List of required libraries.

Figures data. Needed data files and objects to produce all figures.

Update aquamapsdata. This script contains the code to update the local SQL data repository containing the data from AquaMaps.

1. Environmental suitability and degree of niche overlap. This script contains the code needed to obtain the environmental suitability (Component II) and degree of niche overlap (Component III), for each NIS at each half-degree cell.

2. Connectivity. This script corresponds to the calculation of the connectivity between source and recipient areas (Component I), from single port-to-port connections to aggregated values at a province level. Calculations were based on the work of Seebens et al (2013).

3. NIS establishment risk calculation. This script corresponds to the calculation of NIS establishment risk integrating the three previous components.

4. Global patterns of risk (Fig 1-4; Fig S1-3; Table S1). This script contains all the code related with the exploration of global risk patterns (Fig. 1), summary of risk in each realm (Fig. 2), decomposing the risk (Fig. 3) and mapping the patterns of contribution for each single component (Fig. 4). In addition, supplementary figures and tables showing other descriptors of risk (mean and sd; Fig. S1), the main source regions of NIS and cells included (Fig. S2), relationship between aggregated and mean risk (Fig. S3) and summary of risk and components values for each NIS (Table S1).

5. Cumulative impacts, MPAs and risk (Fig 5; Fig S4; Table S2). This script contains all the code needed to produce the GAMMs exploring the relationship between cumulative human impacts and establishment risk (Fig. 5, Table S2), as well as the relationship between risk and MPA presence (Fig. S4).

6. Comparison of risk with established NIS (Fig 6, Fig S5, Table S3). This script contains all the code needed for the comparison with the risk scores obtained and the current ranges of established NIS extracted from WRiMS (Fig. 6, Fig. S5, and Table S3).