Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2280gb66c

Description of the data and file structure

The data were collected to support experimental evaluation of a static-contact vibrotactile interface based on transdermal all-directional targeting (TADT). The dataset comprises two components corresponding to distinct experimental efforts.

The LearningCurveData1 files contain subjective and behavioral data from a learning study in which participants performed directional judgment tasks across three successive sessions. These data capture user responses as familiarity with the vibrotactile cues increased, enabling analysis of learning effects, adaptation, and changes in perceptual accuracy over time.

The Q1 directory contains data acquisition and excitation control code used to generate and record actuator array stimulation signals during experiments. This code was employed to drive the vibrotactile actuators, synchronize excitation parameters, and collect corresponding system-level measurements. Together, these materials support reproducibility of the experimental procedures and analysis of user learning and perception under static-contact vibrotactile stimulation.

Files and variables

File: LearningCurveData1.csv

Description: Contains subjective and behavioral data from a learning study in which participants performed directional judgment tasks across three successive sessions. These data capture user responses as familiarity with the vibrotactile cues increased, enabling analysis of learning effects, adaptation, and changes in perceptual accuracy over time.

File: Q1.mlx

Description: The directory contains data acquisition and excitation control code used to generate and record actuator array stimulation signals during experiments. This code was employed to drive the vibrotactile actuators, synchronize excitation parameters, and collect corresponding system-level measurements. Together, these materials support reproducibility of the experimental procedures and analysis of user learning and perception under static-contact vibrotactile stimulation.

Depth_direction_comparison.xlsx
Contains behavioral comparison data for depth-wise directional propagation under different interface conditions.

Focusing_intensity.csv
Provides measured focal displacement or intensity values at targeted locations under different actuation and interface conditions. These data support quantitative analysis of focal amplification achieved by micro-textured coupling.

horizontal_measurement.csv
Contains lateral (horizontal) propagation measurements of vibrational displacement at specified distances from the actuator array within the skin model. The dataset is used to assess spatial decay and lateral transmission characteristics.

Intensity_Perception.csv
Includes subjective intensity ratings reported by participants under controlled stimulation conditions. Ratings were collected to evaluate perceived vibration strength as a function of interface type and micro-texture height.

threshold_data.xlsx
Provides raw sensory threshold measurements obtained using a three-phase adaptive staircase procedure. The file records the minimum drive voltage required for stimulus detection across participants and interface conditions.

ResultLoad.m
MATLAB implementation of the microneedle array simulation algorithm. The script computes the displacement or strain field of a full microneedle array by superposing the precomputed response of a single microneedle, enabling efficient evaluation of array-level mechanical responses without full-scale finite element recomputation.

Simulation_results_Strain_response.csv
Contains simulated strain or displacement responses for microneedle arrays with different geometries and layouts. These results are used to compare how array shape and configuration influence subdermal mechanical response and focal characteristics.

Code/software

Free software for viewing the data

• Microsoft Excel (or compatible spreadsheet software such as LibreOffice Calc)
  The experimental datasets in LearningCurveData are provided in tabular format and can be directly opened, viewed, and inspected using Excel or other spreadsheet software without any additional dependencies. This allows users to examine participant responses, learning-session progression, and summary statistics without requiring specialized programming environments.

MATLAB / Octave for analysis and code execution

• MATLAB R2022b or later (used by the authors)
  MATLAB was used for data acquisition, stimulus control, and data analysis. Scripts included in the Q1 directory were developed and executed in MATLAB.

Human subjects data

All human participant data included in this dataset were collected under IRB-approved protocols with written informed consent. Participants provided explicit consent for the de-identified data to be shared publicly for research purposes.

To protect participant privacy, all data were de-identified prior to release. Personally identifiable information, including names, contact information, exact dates of participation, and any demographic attributes that could enable re-identification, were removed. Participants were assigned anonymous numerical identifiers, and all records are reported in aggregate or at the trial level without any linkage to individual identities. The released dataset contains no information that could reasonably be used to identify individual participants.