RNA-seq data and transcriptome assembly of 15 individual Tylonycteris pachypus
Data files
Apr 17, 2026 version files 81.11 GB
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152598_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152598_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152603_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152603_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152604_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152604_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152609_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152609_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152616_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152616_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152620_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152620_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152626_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152626_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152684_S122_L007_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152684_S122_L007_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152685_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152685_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152690_S7_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152690_S7_L008_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152691_S8_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152691_S8_L008_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152692_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152692_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152693_S9_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152693_S9_L008_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152694_S10_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152694_S10_L008_R2_001.fastq.gz
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152696_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
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152696_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
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README.md
7.89 KB
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reference_transcriptome_of_T.pachypus.fa
651.09 MB
Abstract
Sexual selection is widely recognized as a key driver of evolutionary processes; However, research on this topic in bats remains limited despite their considerable ecological importance. The flat-headed bat Tylonycteris pachypus, a small bamboo-roosting species, typically forms either polygynous groups (one male with multiple females) or male-only groups. Previous studies have shown that males roosting with females experience significantly higher reproductive success, despite the absence of documented morphological sexual dimorphism. In this study, we constructed a reference transcriptome for T. pachypus using RNA-seq, combining de novo assembly and transcript-guided assembly based on a closely related species. We compared gene expression profiles of brain tissue between solitary males and polygynous males from the Chongzuo region in Guangxi, China. A total of 107 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including SEMA6A, KCTD12, CLTC, and ALDH1L1, etc., upregulated in polygynous males, while VANGL2, COTL1, and IL10RB were upregulated in solitary males. These results suggest that polygynous males may possess superior survival and reproductive potential compared to solitary males. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that polygynous males were significantly enriched in pathways including “lysosome” and “endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption”. GO enrichment analysis also indicated differences between the two male groups. Our results demonstrate distinct gene expression patterns between the two male groups, offering preliminary molecular evidence for adaptive evolution driven by sexual selection in T. pachypus.
Description of the data and file structure
The dataset deposited in Dryad comprises:
- Raw RNA-seq reads from brain tissues of 15 flat-headed bats (Tylonycteris pachypus) collected in Chongzuo, Guangxi, China (10 males—five living in polygynous groups and five solitary or in small male aggregations—and five females);
- A reference-guided transcriptome assembly (file: reference_transcriptome_of_T.pachypus.fa), produced by aligning de novo assembled contigs against the annotated Eptesicus fuscus transcriptome and reassembling gene-specific read sets with SPAdes (including contigs not matched to E. fuscus);
Data Collection and Experiment Design:
- Species: Tylonycteris pachypus (Flat-headed bat)
- Sample Size: 15 individuals (5 resident, 5 solitary males, and 5 females)
- Sequencing Technology: RNA-Seq (Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 platform)
Sample Descriptions:
The samples are from 3 groups, with each group containing 5 samples. Below is a description of each group:
Group 1: Samples 152598，152603，152604，152609，152692
- Tissue Type: Brain
- Description: These samples represent healthy, adult solitary males of T. pachypus.
Group 2: Samples 152620，152626，152684，152690，152694
- Tissue Type: Brain
- Description: These samples represent healthy, adult resident males of T. pachypus.
Group 3: Samples 152616，152685，152691，152693，152696
- Tissue Type: Brain
- Description: These samples represent healthy, adult females of T. pachypus.
Dataset Format:
- Data Format: Paired-End RNA-Seq Data in FASTQ format
How to Use:
Download the data to a Linux platform and unzip it for further use. You can unzip the .gz files using the following command:
gunzip filename.fastq.gz
Acknowledgments:
We thank Guangjian Zhu, Junpeng Zhang for assistance with sample collection.
Contact Information:
For further questions or clarifications, please contact [chuyu.lv@qq.com].
Files and variables
File: 152598_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a solitary male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152598_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a solitary male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152603_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a solitary male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152603_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a solitary male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152604_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a solitary male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152604_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a solitary male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152609_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a solitary male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152609_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a solitary male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152616_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a female Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152616_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a female Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152620_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a resident male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152620_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a resident male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152626_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a resident male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152626_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a resident male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152684_S122_L007_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a resident male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152684_S122_L007_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a resident male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152685_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a female Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152685_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a female Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152690_S7_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a resident male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152690_S7_L008_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a resident male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152691_S8_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a female Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152691_S8_L008_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a female Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152692_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a solitary male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152692_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a solitary male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152693_S9_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a female Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152693_S9_L008_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a female Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152694_S10_L008_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a resident male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152694_S10_L008_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a resident male Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152696_S199_L002_R1_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the forward read (R1) from the RNA sequencing of a female Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: 152696_S199_L002_R2_001.fastq.gz
Description: This file contains the reverse read (R2) from the RNA sequencing of a female Tylonycteris pachypus.
File: reference_transcriptome_of_T.pachypus
Description: This file is the reference transcriptome of Tylonycteris pachypus obtained by combining de novo assembly with reference-guided assembly using a closely related species.
Access information
Other publicly accessible locations of the data:
- The data will be made publicly available upon publication.
Data was derived from the following sources:
- This dataset consists of raw RNA sequencing data generated from Tylonycteris pachypus (Flat-headed bat) . The data was derived directly from the sequencing platform.
Sampling, RNA extraction, and sequencing
This study was carried out in strict accordance with the guidelines of Regulations for the Administration of Laboratory Animals (Decree No. 2 of the State Science and Technology Commission of the People’s Republic of China on November 14, 1988). We obtained approval for this study from the Guangdong Entomological Institute Administrative Panel on Laboratory Animal Care. Permission from the landowners was also obtained. Samples of Tylonycteris pachypus were collected from the Chongzuo region of Guangxi province, China. A total of 15 adult individuals (5 resident males, 5 solitary males, 5 females) were collected with species identification verified by qualified personnel. All brain tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at -80℃ for further use.
Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen, USA), following the manufacturer’s protocol (Chomczynski and Sacchi, 1987). RNA quality was rigorously assessed, including purity measurement (NanoDrop™ spectrophotometer) and integrity evaluation (Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer). Only high-quality samples (RIN ≥7, OD260/280 ratio 1.8–2.0) were used for subsequent analyses (Schroeder et al., 2006). After testing the quality of the libraries, they were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 platform, and 150 bp paired-end reads were generated at OE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
Reference-guided transcriptome assembly
We first performed de novo transcriptome assembly from the raw sequencing data, then annotated the de novo contigs and guided gene-by-gene reassembly using the Eptesicus fuscus transcriptome, yielding the T. pachypus reference transcriptome (reference_transcriptome_of_T.pachypus.fa).