Data from: Biosynthesis of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in a generalist seabird
Data files
Mar 06, 2025 version files 54.44 KB
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Lamarre_Wilson_2025_RBGU_ALA_convert.csv
33.70 KB
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README.md
20.74 KB
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid (n3-LCPUFA), is integral to vertebrates’ brains. Mammals require continuous DHA replenishment to maintain cerebral function and structural integrity; evidence points towards birds having similar requirements. Vertebrates maintain their DHA levels by endogenously synthesizing DHA using alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; omega-3 precursor) or by consuming preformed DHA and other n3-LCPUFAs. Given n3-LCPUFAs’ abundance in marine organisms, marine predators are presumed incapable of biosynthesizing n3-LCPUFAs; this assumption remains seldom tested. Alarmingly, many marine predators, including generalist seabirds, now forage on anthropogenic resources deficient in n3-LCPUFAs. Whether they can offset such deficiency by bioconverting ALA into DHA remains unknown. Here, we tested whether ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis), a generalist seabird now thriving in cities, can biosynthesize n3-LCPUFAs, including DHA, from ALA. We brought into captivity 24 hatchlings from two breeding colonies, including 12 from an urban colony and 12 from a natural colony. Nine hatchlings from each colony received an oral 13C-enriched ALA tracer to follow the potential bioconversion of ALA into n3-LCPUFAs, in addition to being fed 490 μL of unlabelled ALA daily for three days. The control groups (N=3 urban hatchlings and 3 natural hatchlings) received a caloric equivalent (free of omega-3s) in place of the ALA tracer and supplement. All chicks received a diet deficient in all omega-3s throughout the 72 hours of captivity. We analyzed their brains’ and livers’ fatty acid content and established their 13C signatures for each omega-3 using compound-specific isotope analysis. We found evidence of incomplete ALA bioconversion where, compared to controls, experimental chicks from both colonies accumulated more of all ALA derivates in their tissues except for DHA. We demonstrate for the first time that a seabird shows some omega-3 bioconversion abilities, albeit at levels insufficient to mitigate DHA deficiencies associated with urban foraging and shifting marine ecosystems.
Metadata for dataset file: Lamarre&Wilson_2025_RBGU ALA convert
Accompanying Rcode file using this dataset: Lamarre_Wilson_2025_ALA_convert.R
Data collected by: Jessika Lamarre and David Wilson
Author Information
A. Corresponding author
Name: Jessika Lamarre
Institution: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Email: jlamarre@mun.ca
B. Co-author
Name: David Wilson
Institution: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Email: dwilson@mun.ca
Format: file format is comma separated (.csv)
Data:
| Variable | Description |
|---|---|
| ID | Unique identifier of each hatchling, of type of oil supplement administered (Flaxseed_oil or Coconut_oil), or of diet provided in captivity (Feed |
| Colony | Hatched at the urban colony (Kellys_Island) or the rural colony (Salmonier); Not applicable (N/A) for the types of oil supplement administered and the diet provided in captivity |
| Tissue | Tissues collected from the chicks (Cerebral_hemispheres or Liver), type of oil supplement administered (Flaxseed_oil or Coconut_oil), or diet provided in captivity (Feed) |
| Treatment | Either received the ALA supplementation (ALA-d13C tracer + flaxseed oil; Supplement_ALA) or they received a caloric equivalent devoid of omega-3s or tracer (coconut oil; Control). The flaxseed oil supplement are labelled as Supplement_ALA and the coconut oil supplement is labelled as Control |
| Wt_d0 | Mass of hatchling (g) at collection; Not applicable (N/A) for the types of oil supplement administered and the diet provided in captivity |
| Wt_d1 | Mass of hatchling (g) 24hrs after having been brought into captivity; Not applicable (N/A) for the types of oil supplement administered and the diet provided in captivity |
| Wt_d2 | Mass of hatchling (g) 48hrs after having been brought into captivity; Not applicable (N/A) for the types of oil supplement administered and the diet provided in captivity |
| Wt_d3 | Mass of hatchling (g) 72hrs after having been brought into captivity; Not applicable (N/A) for the types of oil supplement administered and the diet provided in captivity |
| ALA_d13C | d13C signature (‰) of FAME alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3w3; ALA) corrected for the addition of carbon by MeOH during transmethylation (d13C signature of -28.21); Not Available (N/A) for individuals with ALA tissue concentration >1.5% of the total fatty acids detected |
| SA_d13C | d13C signature (‰) of FAME stearidonic acid (C18:4w3) corrected for the addition of carbon by MeOH during transmethylation (d13C signature of -28.21); Not Available (N/A) for individuals with SA tissue concentration >1.5% of the total fatty acids detected |
| EPA_d13C | d13C signature (‰) of FAME eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5w3) corrected for the addition of carbon by MeOH during transmethylation (d13C signature of -28.21); Not Available (N/A) for individuals with EPA tissue concentration >1.5% of the total fatty acids detected |
| DPA_d13C | d13C signature (‰) of FAME docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5w3) corrected for the addition of carbon by MeOH during transmethylation (d13C signature of -28.21); Not Available (N/A) for individuals with DPA tissue concentration >1.5% of the total fatty acids detected |
| DHA_d13C | d13C signature (‰) of FAME docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6w3) corrected for the addition of carbon by MeOH during transmethylation (d13C signature of -28.21); Not Available (N/A) for individuals with DHA tissue concentration >1.5% of the total fatty acids detected |
| C14:0 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C14:0 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C14:1 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C14:1 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C15:0 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C15:0 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C15:1 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C15:1 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C16:0 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C16:0 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C16:1w11 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C16:1w11 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C16:1w9 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C16:1w9 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C16:1w7 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C16:1w7 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C16:1w5 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C16:1w5 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C16:2w6 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C16:2w6 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C17:0 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C17:0 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C16:3w4 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C16:3w4 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C17:1 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C17:1 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C16:4w3 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C16:4w3 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C16:4w1 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C16:4w1 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C18:0 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:0 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C18:1w11 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:1w11 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C18:1w9 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:1w9 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C18:1w7 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:1w7 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C18:1w6 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:1w6 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C18:1w5 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:1w5 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| LA | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:2w6 (linoleic acid; LA) in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C18:2w4 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:2w4 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C18:3w4 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:3w4 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| ALA | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:3w3 (alpha-linolenic acid; ALA) in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| SA | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:4w3 (stearidonic acid; SA) in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C18:4w1 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C18:4w1 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C20:0 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C20:0 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C20:1w11 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C20:1w11 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C20:1w9 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C20:1w9 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C20:1w7 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C20:1w7 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C20:2w6 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C20:2w6 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| ARA | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C20:4w6 (arachidonic acid; ARA) in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| ETE | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C20:3w3 (eicosatrienoic acid; ETE) in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| ETA | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C20:4w3 (eicosatetraenoic acid; ETA) in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| EPA | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C20:5w3 (eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA) in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C22:0 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C22:0 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C22:1w11(13) | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C22:1w11(13) in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C22:1w9 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C22:1w9 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C22:1w7 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C22:1w7 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C22:2w6 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C22:2w6 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C22:4w6 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C22:4w6 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C22:3w3 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C22:3w3 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| DPA_n6 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C22:5w6 (n-6 docosapentaenoic acid; DPA_n6) in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C22:4w3 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C22:4w3 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| DPA | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C22:5w3 (docosapentaenoic acid; DPA) in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C24:0 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C24:0 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| DHA | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C22:6w3 (docosahexaenoic acid; DHA) in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
| C24:1 | Relative concentration of the fatty acid C24:1 in the chicks tissues, expressed as percentage of total identified fatty acids |
