Data from: Phenological plasticity enables thermal homeostasis in a wild bird population
Data files
Mar 24, 2026 version files 3.44 MB
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clim_data.csv
660.33 KB
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gtdata_hd.csv
562.56 KB
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gtdata_ld.csv
557.94 KB
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Half_fall_data.csv
452 B
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join_data6.csv
835.45 KB
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Linking_temperature_and_reproductive_success.Rmd
63.03 KB
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match.csv
706.78 KB
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README.md
4.77 KB
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Temporal_trends_in_the_fixed_intervals.Rmd
6.79 KB
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Temporal_trends_in_the_relative_intervals.Rmd
18.25 KB
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thermal_tracking_and_mismatch_caterpillars.Rmd
19.30 KB
Abstract
Shifts in the timing of seasonal events are widely documented biological responses to climate change, but measuring responses on human calendars reveals little about the underlying biological causes of such changes. Here, using six decades of individual-based data from wild great tits Parus major, we show that plasticity in reproductive phenology has enabled stable long-term thermal homeostasis despite marked local warming. This homeostasis has matched the average temperatures at which reproductive success is maximised, thereby synchronising with a key invertebrate food source. Shifting our perspective from analysing the phenological timing of life history events to analysing changes relative to environmental gradients has the potential to shed new light on the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of these shifts by establishing direct links with biologically relevant variables.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.51c59zwjn
Description of the data and file structure
This is the data (and) required to replicate the analyses from the manuscript: Phenological plasticity enables thermal homeostasis in a wild bird population. It contains information on the daily mean temperature obtained from the Hadley Center, information on the phenology and fitness of Wytham Woods great tit's, and phenological information on winter moth caterpillars from Wytham Woods.
Files and variables
File: clim_data.csv
Description: Daily mean temperature data from the Met Office Hadley Centre. In particular, we used the Central England Temperature dataset
Variables
- Date: date
- day: day
- month: month
- year: year
- min: minimum temperature in degree Celsius
- max: maximum temperature in degree Celsius
File: gtdata_hd.csv
Description: Great tit phenological data, this is a reduced version of gtdata_ld.csv. It contains all observations that have information on both laying and hatching dates.
Variables
- box: Nest box where the data comes from
- year: Year
- April_lay_date: Date of the laying of the first egg in days since the first of April.
- April_hatch_date: Date of the hatching of the first egg in days since the first of April.
- Clutch_size: Number of eggs laid
- Mother: Mother identity
- year_ring: a unique code for each female each year
- age_group: age classified as adults (age >1) and juveniles (age=1)
- first_year: year that the mother was detected in the population as a breeder for the first time
File: Half_fall_data.csv
Description: Data of the half-fall dates. (Half-fall: the date by which 50% of the seasonal total caterpillars descending from trees to pupate are caught in water traps)
Variables
- Year: Year
- Half_fall_date: Half-fall date
File: join_data6.csv
Description: A dataset combining the phenological information with the temperature values in each of the relative periods for each brood.
Variables
- box: Nest box where the data comes from
- year: year
- Clutch_size: Number of eggs laid
- ld: laying date as number of days since the first of January
- average_temperature_laying: Average temperature at egg-laying
- average_temperature_per1: Average temperature at incubation
- average_temperature_per2: Average temperature at hatching
- average_temperature_per3: Average temperature at nestling
- average_temperature_per4: Average temperature at laying
- Num_fledglings: Number of fledglings produced
- Num_chicks: Number of chicks produced
- num_neighbors: Number of great tit neighbours in each nest
- Mother: Mother identity
- recr: number of recruits (i., fledglings seen again as breeders) that the female produced that year.
File: match.csv
Description: Data to link temperature and the mismatch
Variables
- box: Nest box where the data comes from
- year: year
- Mother: Mother identity
- average_temperature_per1: Average temperature at incubation
- average_temperature_per2: Average temperature at hatching
- average_temperature_per3: Average temperature at nestling
- average_temperature_per4: Average temperature at fledgling
- average_temperature_laying: Average temperature at egg-laying
- Hf2_r: half-fall date
- peak_food: date of maximum food demand by each brood computed as hatching date + 10 days.
- mismatch: Difference between Hf2_r and peak_food
File: gtdata_ld.csv
Description: Great tit phenological data,
Variables
- box: Nest box where the data comes from
- year: year
- April_lay_date: Date of the laying of the first egg in days since the first of April.
- Clutch_size: Number of eggs laid
- Mother: Mother identity
- year_ring: a unique code for each female each year
- age_group: age classified as adults (age >1) and juveniles (age=1)
- first_year: year that the mother was detected in the population as a breeder for the first time
File: Temporal_trends_in_the_fixed_intervals.Rmd
Code to replicate the analyses on the temporal trends in the fixed time intervals
File: Temporal_trends_in_the_relative_intervals.Rmd
Code to replicate the analyses on temporal trends in the relative time intervals
File: Linking_temperature_and_reproductive_success.Rmd
Code to replicate the analyses associating the temperature in the relative windows with reproductive success
File: thermal_tracking_and_mismatch_caterpillars.Rmd
Code to replicate the analyses on the thermal tracking of the caterpillars and the links between mismatch and temperature in the relative periods
