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Dryad

Data from: Phenological plasticity enables thermal homeostasis in a wild bird population

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Mar 24, 2026 version files 3.44 MB

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Abstract

Shifts in the timing of seasonal events are widely documented biological responses to climate change, but measuring responses on human calendars reveals little about the underlying biological causes of such changes. Here, using six decades of individual-based data from wild great tits Parus major, we show that plasticity in reproductive phenology has enabled stable long-term thermal homeostasis despite marked local warming. This homeostasis has matched the average temperatures at which reproductive success is maximised, thereby synchronising with a key invertebrate food source. Shifting our perspective from analysing the phenological timing of life history events to analysing changes relative to environmental gradients has the potential to shed new light on the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of these shifts by establishing direct links with biologically relevant variables.