Programmable assembly of mechanically robust and functional polymer–spore biocomposites in organic solvent
Abstract
Microbial biocomposites offer genetically programmable and regenerative functionality, but their mechanical tunability remains limited by the mild conditions required for biological activity and viability. Here, we report the programmable self-assembly of Bacillus subtilis spores with benzalcyanoacetate (BCA)-functionalized polymers to form robust composites exhibiting tunable viscoelastic and tensile properties. Surface-exposed cysteines on the spore coat react with BCA motifs, forming dynamic thia-Michael networks with Young’s moduli of >100 MPa. Systematic variation of BCA reactivity and comonomer-dependent polymer dynamics enabled control over stiffness, stress-relaxation behavior, microscale morphology, and covalent biocontainment. Incorporation of engineered spores confers catalytic function that can be regenerated following solvent-triggered disassembly. This work establishes a modular platform for constructing biocomposites that are both mechanically and genetically programmable, bridging the synthetic and biological domains through molecularly defined interfaces.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.573n5tbmt
Description of the data and file structure
The dataset folder contains tabular data and TIFF files that are organized into folders that correspond to each figure set found in the journal article and supporting information. For example, the folder named Figure 1 contains data that was used to create Figure 1. Below are the background and table of contents pertaining to each dataset folder. More detailed descriptions of experimental methods can be found in the main text and supporting information.
Files and variables
File: Dryad.zip
Folder: Figure 1
Description: Data in Figure 1 were collected to investigate whether the key chemical motif benzalcyanoacetate (BCA) can covalently bind to cysteine residues on spore surface proteins.
Fluorescent nitrobenzoxadiazole–BCA (NBD–BCA) probes were synthesized and incubated with Bacillus subtilis spores in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 120 µM) at 25 °C and 800 rpm for 20 h to examine whether thia-Michael (tM) linkages can be formed on the spore surface proteins. A control probe without BCA, NBD–OH, was also incubated with spores as a control. Aryl substituents (R = CF3, H, OMe) on the BCA were varied to test the hypothesis that the extent of spore labeling can be adjusted based on the electronic profile of the BCA.
TIFF files correspond to the fluorescence microscopy images of spores after incubation with the probes and washing with DMSO and were set to the same brightness contrast setting to visualize the relative differences in spore surface fluorescence that should represent relative spore labeling differences between different probes. Normalized fluorescence was calculated by subtracting (bulk fluorescence of spore samples - supernatant fluorescence) / (OD600 of spore samples - OD600 of supernatant), of triplicate spore samples are tabulated in .txt files for spore labeling and are unitless, relative measurements.
Methyl esters of BCA small molecules were also synthesized and incubated in DMSO with B. subtilis spores to test whether similar covalent bonding patterns can be observed in NMR and Rman spectroscopy.
1H NMR spectroscopy was used to confirm diagnostic peaks belonging to the expected BCA–spore tM adducts could be detected. Numerical values of 1H NMR signal intensities against chemical shifts were tabulated in .txt files for DMSO-d6 samples of BCA–CF3, BCA–CF3 with equimolar amounts of 1-octanethiol, and 200 mM of BCA–CF3 with 1 mg/mL of B. subtilis spores.
Raman spectroscopy was used to detect a characteristic shift in the CN peak associated with tM adduct formation. Numerical values of Raman signal intensities against Raman shifts were tabulated in .txt files for DMSO-d6 samples of 1 mg/ mL B. subtilis spores with 200 mM each of BCA–CF3, BCA–H, and BCA–OMe (n = 7 for BCA–CF3, n = 5 for BCA–H and BCA–OMe).
Table of contents:
1mg/mL&200mM_NMR Detection of Spore Surface tM Bond (CF3).txt
120uM_5wash_NBD-CF3_gfp.TIFF
120uM_5wash_NBD-OMe_gfp.TIFF
120uM_5wash_NBD-OH_gfp.TIFF
120uM_5wash_NBD-H_gfp.TIFF
Average_BCA-CF3-200mM-PY79-1mgmL-DMSO-spore.txt
Average_BCA-OMe-200mM-PY79-1mgmL-DMSO-spore.txt
Average_BCA-H-200mM-PY79-1mgmL-DMSO-spore.txt
NMR_BCA-CF3+1-octanethiol.txt
NMR of BCA-CF3.txt
SporeLabeling_Triplciate_NFL_120uM.txt
Folder: Figure 2
Background: Data in Figure 2 were collected to demonstrate the assembly of B. subtilis spores with synthetic polymers bearing the BCA motif.
A fluorescent BCA–bearing polymer (P1–NBD) was synthesized and incubated with B. subtilis spores in DMSO (1.2 µM) at 25 °C and 800 rpm for 20h to examine whether polymer–spores linkages can facilitate micron-scale assemblies that are observable under the fluorescence microscope. The TIFF file corresponds to the fluorescence microscopy image of the polymer–assemblies after the incubation and washing with DMSO.
To create macroscopic assemblies that could be characterized under shear rheology experiments, lyophilized B. subtilis spores were mixed with 30% w/v DMSO solutions of BCA–bearing polymers (P3 and P4) and were characterized after 2 days of benchtop incubation. Rheological characterizations were performed at 25 °C on a Discovery series HR-2 hybrid rheometer from TA instruments with a 8 mm diameter parallel plate geometry.
Frequency sweep experiments were performed under 1% strain amplitude and helped determine the relative shear stiffness of the materials depending on their BCA and comonomer side chain structure.
Numerical value of storage (G') and loss (G") moduli over a range of angular frequencies (rad/s) were tabuled in .txt files with names beginning with "2d_DMSO leak_...".
Characteristic relaxation times of materials made with EGMEMA-based polymers were calculated by taking the inverse of the crossover frequency.
Hammett correlation analysis was performed by plotting log(𝜏R,R/𝜏R,H) against Hammett constants 𝜎+ of the chosen aryl substituents. Numerical values of log(𝜏R,R/𝜏R,H) and the corresponding 𝜎+ were tabulated in a .txt file beginning with "Hammett...".
Table of contents:
2d_DMSO Leak_MMA_CF3 vs H vs OMe.txt
2d_DMSO Leak_CF3_MMA vs EGMEMA vs HEMA.txt
2d_DMSO Leak_EGMEMA_CF3 vs H vs OMe.txt
Hammett +_LOG_Relaxation time_2d_DMSO Leak_EGMEMA_CF3 vs H vs OMe.txt
WT_M90-NBD-CF3_gfp.TIFF
Folder: Figure 3
Background: Dry biocomposite materials were made to demonstrate molecular-level control over the polymer–spore interface to program material properties, as characterized through tensile testing, spore leakage, and optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments.
To fabricate the biocomposite, lyophilized B. subtilis spores were mixed with 30% w/v DMSO solutions of various BCA–bearing polymers (P4, P7, P8, P9, P10, and P11) before being transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dog bone mold and were incubated overnight. The entire PTFE mold was then submerged in ethanol for two hours for solvent exchange, and the material was taken out of the mold and placed on a PTFE sheet for 24 hours to dry for tensile testing.
Materials were characterized by tensile testing, and stiffness (Young's moduli) was used as a method to determine differences in their mechanical properties. Young's moduli of biocomposite materials were determined by the slope of the linear region of the stress-strain curve. Numerical values of Young's moduli were tabulated in .txt files containing the label "Young's Modulus". In addition, toughness was determined by the area under the stress-strain curve before fragmentation. Numerical values of toughness was tabulated in a .txt file with the label "Toughness".
To assess the covalent biocontainment ability of the biocomposite materials, various material fragments were incubated in PBS (pH = 7.16) and shaken at 250 rpm and 37 °C for two days. Numerical values of solution turbidity (OD600), indicative of the extent of spore leakage, were measured at 16 and 40 hours and were tabulated in a .txt file with the label "Spore Leakage". Optical microscopy images were taken of the organogel precursors to assess the relative extents of spore integration with the polymer phase. TIFF files of the microscopy images were saved with the label "Optical_...". To assess the retention of polymer–spore interactiosn after the solvent switching and drying procedure, SEM images were taken of material fragments. TIFF files of SEM images were saved with the label "SEM_..."
Table of contents:
Optical_EG90CF3+SPORES.tiff
Optical_EG90OME+SPORES.tiff
Optical_EG90H+SPORES.tiff
SEM_EG90_H_Spores.tif
SEM_EG90_OMe_Spores.tif
SEM_EG90_CF3_Spores.tif
Triplicate_Young's Modulus_EG90-R_0414.txt
Spore Leakage_Kinetics.txt
Triplicate_Toughness_CF3_dispersity.txt
Triplicate_Young's Modulus_CF3_spore mass.txt
Triplicate_Young's Modulus_CF3_%BCA.txt
Triplicate_Young's Modulus_CF3_dispersity.txt
Folder: Figure 4
Background: The reversible nature of the BCA–thiol binding suggested a possible material disassembly pathway that is entropically favored in select organic solvents. Material fragments were thus submerged in DMSO or acetone, and the extent and efficacy of disassembly were characterized by optical microscopy of the mixture and 1H NMR spectroscopy of the recovered polymer. In addition, growth curves of the recovered spores were measured by OD600 to determine whether spore viability was impacted by solvent exposure.
1H NMR spectra of the recovered polymers were compared to the pristine polymer NMR spectra to visualize whether they could be recovered from the disassembly process. Numerical values of 1H NMR signal intensities over a range of chemical shifts were tabulated in .txt files with the label "NMR_...".
The extent of disassembly was visualized by microscopy images of spores recovered from the disassembly attempts and were saved as TIFF files beginning with "Disassembly_...". To enable mass tracking, materials were first lyophilized and large scale disassemblies were attempted. Microscopy images of spores recovered were saved as TIFF files beginning with "Lyophilized_...".
Spore viability was assessed using solution turbidity (OD600) tracking over time after material disassembly using spores recoevered from acetone-driven partial disassemblies. Numerical values of OD600 over 12 hours were tabulated in a .txt file beginning with "Recovered WT_...".
Table of contents:
Recovered WT_Grrowth Curve_100 uL.txt
Disassembly_ACETONE_0.5h_trans.tiff
Disassembly_DMSO_0.5h_trans.tiff
Lyophilized material large scale disassembly_CF3_DMSO_day14.TIFF
Lyophilized material large scale disassembly_H_DMSO_day7.TIFF
Lyophilized material large scale disassembly_OMe_DMSO_day7.TIFF
NMR_Acetone Disassembly_EG90CF3.txt
NMR_DMSO Disassembly_EG90CF3.txt
NMR_Pristine_EG90CF3.txt
Folder: Figure 5
Background: Engineered APEX2-displaying spores were incorporated into the biocomposite materials to investigate whether bio-derived functionality could be installed into the hybrid system. Because organic solvents are known to damage cells and enzymes, the stability and activity retention of the engineered spores were tested by incubating them in various organic solvents and running activity assays. Once an ideal condition was identified, materials were made to demonstrate the catalytic activity of the biocomposite system. In addition, engineered spores were recovered and renewed to show that any loss in activity could be recovered by an autonomous growth process.
Spores were incubated in various organic solvents overnight, removed from solvents, and resuspended in PBS at 1 mg/mL concentration with 0.1 mM Amplex Red and 0.2 mM hydrogen peroxide and shaken at 205 cpm and 37 °C for 15 hours to assess the retention of the spore's catalytic activity.
The relative Amplex Red conversion, indicative of the activity level of the enzyme-displaying spore, were assesed by normalizing against a spore without organic solvent exposure (bulk fluorescence of the sample/bulk fluorescence of the spore without organic solvent exposure)(100%). Numerical values of the normalized conversion were tabulated in a .txt file starting with "Organic Solvent Incubation_".
In addition to the enzyme activity retention, the effect of organic solvents on the morphology of APEX2 spores were observed under optical microscopy. Microscopy images were saved as TIFF files beginning with "TIEDAPEX2_INCUBATION_...".
The activity assay and spore morphology experiments helped determine that acetone is the least harmful of the solvents. In addition, acetone could dissolve the polymer and help facilitate polymer–spore bond formation for effective material fabrication. Catalytic biocomposite materials were thus fabricated in acetone and were tested for their ability to convert Amplex Red to resorufin.
Numerical values of fluorescence spectroscopy measurements, indicative of catalytic material activity, were tabulated in .txt files beginning with "Acetone Material_..." for the first reaction cycle and "Cycle 2_..." for the second reaction cycle. Repeated activity showed the reusability of the material, although the second cycle was much slower in catalysis.
Catalysis was also attempted in the presence of organic solvent in the reaction mixture to show its potential benefit in increasing substrate scope for more hydrophobic compounds. 12.5% acetone in PBS mixtures were used to show a lower yet significant activity level of the material. Because the reaction kinetics slowed down and the natural decomposition of Amplex Red became significant, bulk fluorescence values of the control mixture without the material were subtracted from the bulk fluorescence of the reaction mixture with the material. Numerical values of this corrected, "deltaFluorescence Intensity" were tabulated in a .txt file beginning with "12.5%...".
Because diminished activity was observed in both the repeated biocatalysis and the 12.5% organic solvent experiments, materials were partially disassembled in acetone to recover and renew spores to demonstrate the recovery of catalytic activity. Pristine spores and renewed spores were incubated in PBS at 1 mg/mL with 0.1 mM Amplex Red and 0.2 mM hydrogen peroxide at 205 cpm and 37 °C for 16 hours to compare the renewed spore activity against the expected full catalytic activity. Numerical values of fluorescence intensity over time were tabulated in a .txt file beginning with "Renewed*..."
Table of contents:
TIEDAPEX2_INCUBATION_PBS_trans.TIFF
12.5% Acetone_Corrected.txt
Acetone Material_TIED APEX2_PBS_Material vs Control.txt
Cycle 2_Triplicate_Days_Acetone Material_TIED APEX2_PBS_Material vs Control.txt
Organic Solvent Incubation_TIEDAPEX2_Normalized Conversion.txt
Renewed APEX2 vs Pristine.txt
TIEDAPEX2_INCUBATION_ACETONE_trans.TIFF
TIEDAPEX2_INCUBATION_DMSO_trans.TIFF
TIEDAPEX2_INCUBATION_ETOH_trans.TIFF
Folder: SI
Background: The supporting information (SI) includes a comprehensive list of data that are both included and not included in the main article.
BCA Reactivity: 1H NMR analysis of the tM reaction to determine the effects of dilution, exogeneous BCA, aryl substituent, solvent, and exogeneous thiol on the equilibrium. Calculated values used for Hammett plots and ka vs. kd plots.
Biocatalysis: determination of catalytic efficacy of spores and biocomposite materials in various solvent conditions. Morphology of engineered spores after exposure to solvents.
Disassembly: Optical micrographs showing polymer–spore suspensions in various conditions.
GPC: GPC traces of polymers used in this project.
Material microscopy: optical and SEM images of polymer and spore mixtures (materials).
Rheology: G' and G" values of the materials over a range of angular frequency at 1% shear strain and calculated values of relaxation times.
Solvent Removal: mass tracking of materials over time to obverse solvent leakage and evaporation.
Spore Labeling: detection of tM bond formation on spores using NMR and fluorescence measurements, including relevant standard curves and control samples.
Spore Viability: Growth curve of the B. subtilis from material surface germination.
Stress Strain Curve: stress strain curves from tensile testing.
Table of contents:
BCA Reactivity_%Dissociation by Dilution (concentration) Effect-R.txt
BCA Reactivity_BCA exchange OMe vs CF3.txt
BCA Reactivity_BCA-thiol-R_Acetone.txt
BCA Reactivity_BCA-thiol-R_DMSO.txt
BCA Reactivity_Exogeneous Thiol_Reversibility_2 equivalents.txt
BCA Reactivity_Hammett + vs ln(kdx/kdH) BCA_DMSO.txt
BCA Reactivity_Hammett + vs ln(Kx/KH) BCA_Acetone.txt
BCA Reactivity_Hammett + vs ln(Kx/KH) BCA_DMSO.txt
BCA Reactivity_Hammett +_LOG_Relaxation time_2d_DMSO Leak_EGMEMA_CF3 vs H vs OMe.txt
BCA Reactivity_ka vs kd_Acetone.txt
BCA Reactivity_ka vs kd_DMSO.txt
Biocatalysis_%Organic Solvent_TIEDAPEX2_Normalized Conversion.txt
Biocatalysis_12 5% Acetone_Triplicate_Days_Acetone Material_TIED APEX2_PBS_Material vs Control.txt
Biocatalysis_20250226_TIEDAPEX_INCUBATION_ACETONE_expt_0005_trans.TIFF
Biocatalysis_20250226_TIEDAPEX_INCUBATION_DMSO_expt_0010_trans.TIFF
Biocatalysis_20250226_TIEDAPEX_INCUBATION_ETOH_expt_0003_trans.TIFF
Biocatalysis_20250226_TIEDAPEX_INCUBATION_MEOH_expt_0005_trans.TIFF
Biocatalysis_20250226_TIEDAPEX_INCUBATION_PBS_expt_0006_trans.TIFF
Biocatalysis_Baseline Corrected_12 5% Acetone_Triplicate_Days_Acetone Material_TIED APEX2_PBS_Material vs Control.txt
Biocatalysis_Renewed APEX2 vs Pristine.txt
Biocatalysis_TIEDAPEX2 Material_DMSO_Time Trace_FL.txt
Biocatalysis_TIEDAPEX2_Normalized Final FL_Organic Solvent.txt
Biocatalysis_TIEDAPEX2_Organic Solvent Incubation Overnight.txt
Biocatalysis_Triplicate_Acetone Material_vs Pristine Spores.txt
Biocatalysis_Triplicate_Days_Acetone Material_TIED APEX2_PBS_Material vs Control.txt
Biocatalysis_Triplicate_Days_OD600_Acetone Material_TIED APEX2_PBS.txt
Disassembly__ACETONE_8h_trans.tiff
Disassembly_ACETONE_0.5h_trans.tiff
Disassembly_ACETONE_0.5htrans.tiff
Disassembly_ACETONE_8h_0002_trans.tiff
Disassembly_ACETONE_8h_trans.tiff
Disassembly_CF3_37C_1000RPM_0.2mM_7days_0015.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_37C_1000RPM_0.2mM_7days_0017.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_37C_1000RPM_0.2mM_7days_0027.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_50C_1000RPM_0.2mM_3days_0000.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_50C_1000RPM_0.2mM_3days_0003.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_50C_1000RPM_0.2mM_3days_0011.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_60C_1000RPM_0.2mM_1day_0012.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_60C_1000RPM_0.2mM_1day_0015.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_60C_1000RPM_0.2mM_1day_0022.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_70C_1000RPM_0.2mM_1day_0003.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_70C_1000RPM_0.2mM_1day_0004.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_70C_1000RPM_0.2mM_1day_0008.TIFF
Disassembly_CF3_80C_1000RPM_0.2mM_1day.tif
Disassembly_DMSO_0.5h_0002_trans.tiff
Disassembly_DMSO_0.5h_0003_trans.tiff
Disassembly_DMSO_0.5h_0004_trans.tiff
Disassembly_DMSO_8h_0001_trans.tiff
Disassembly_DMSO_8h_0003_trans.tiff
Disassembly_DMSO_8h_0004_trans.tiff
Disassembly_PY79_ACETONE_0.5h_trans.tiff
Disassembly_ZOOM_CF3 DISASSEMBLY_80C_1000RPM_0.2mM_1day_0013-1.tif
Disassembly_ZOOM_CF3 DISASSEMBLY_80C_1000RPM_0.2mM_1day.tif
GPC_P1.txt
GPC_P2.txt
GPC_P3.txt
GPC_P4.txt
GPC_P5.txt
GPC_P6.txt
GPC_P7.txt
GPC_P8.txt
GPC_P9.txt
GPC_P10.txt
GPC_P11.txt
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90CF3_NOSPORE_0003.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90CF3+SPORES_0001.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90CF3+SPORES_0007.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90CF3+SPORES_0009.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90CF3+SPORES_0015.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90H_0414_NOSPORES_0001.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90H_0414_spores_0003.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90H_0414_spores_0009.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90H+SPORES_0013.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90H+SPORES_0014.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90OMe_0324_NOSPORES_0000.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90OME+SPORES_0013.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90OME+SPORES_0014.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90OME+SPORES_0017.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG90OME+SPORES_0018.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG100_NOSPORE_0002.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG100_WT_0001_trans.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG100_WT_0009_trans.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG100+SPORES_0013.tiff
Material Microscopy_Optical__EG100+SPORES_0014.tiff
Material Microscopy_SEM__EG90_CF3_RAFT_Spores.tif
Material Microscopy_SEM__EG90_CF3_Spore.tif
Material Microscopy_SEM__EG90_H_Spores.tif
Material Microscopy_SEM__EG90_OMe_Spores.tif
Material Microscopy_SEM_EG100_Spores_001.tif
NMR_BCA-CF3+1-octanethiol.txt
NMR_BCA-H+1-octanethiol.txt
NMR_BCA-OMe+1-octanethiol.txt
Rheology_2d_DMSO Leak_EGMEMA_CF3 vs H vs OMe.txt
Rheology_Relaxation time_2d_DMSO Leak_EGMEMA_CF3 vs H vs OMe.txt
Solvent Removal_DMSO evaporation_Dogbone_CF3-M-EG-H.txt
Solvent Removal_EtOH evaporation_Dogbone_CF3-M-EG-H.txt
Spore Labeling_1mg/mL&200mM_NMR Detection of Spore Surface tM Bond (CF3).txt
Spore Labeling_1mg/mL&200mM_NMR Detection of Spore Surface tM Bond (H).txt
Spore Labeling_1mg/mL&200mM_NMR Detection of Spore Surface tM Bond (OMe).txt
Spore Labeling_680_DMSO_20241003_Spore Labeling_Maleimide_TCEP.txt
Spore Labeling_1015_NBD-OH_EndPoint_Fluorescence vs. Concentration_Standard Curve.txt
Spore Labeling_1127_SporeLabeling_Triplciate_NFL_120uM.txt
Spore Labeling_1127_SporeLabeling_Washes_120uM_Triplicates.txt
Spore Labeling_2024_1003_sCy5_WT_AMINE_0004_cy5.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1003_sCy5_WT_AMINE_0004_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1003_sCy5_WT_MALEIMIDE_0002_cy5.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1003_sCy5_WT_MALEIMIDE_0002_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1003_sCy5_WT-red_AMINE_0004_cy5.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1003_sCy5_WT-red_AMINE_0004_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1003_sCy5_WT-red_MALEIMIDE_0004_cy5.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1003_sCy5_WT-red_MALEIMIDE_0004_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0005_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0005_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0022_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0022_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0024_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0024_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0028_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0028_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0030_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0030_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0034_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-CF3_0034_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-OMe_0017_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-OMe_0017_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-OMe_0023_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-OMe_0023_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-OMe_0028_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-OMe_0028_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-OMe_0035_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-OMe_0035_trans 2.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-OMe_0044_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1011_WT_M90-NBD-OMe_0044_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1127_120uM_5wash_NBD-CF3_0004_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1127_120uM_5wash_NBD-CF3_0004_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1127_120uM_5wash_NBD-H_0002_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1127_120uM_5wash_NBD-H_0002_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1127_120uM_5wash_NBD-OH_0002_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1127_120uM_5wash_NBD-OH_0002_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1127_120uM_5wash_NBD-OMe_0000_gfp.TIFF
Spore Labeling_2024_1127_120uM_5wash_NBD-OMe_0000_trans.TIFF
Spore Labeling_20250509_MaleimideCappedSpores_0009_cy5.tiff
Spore Labeling_20250509_MaleimideCappedSpores_0009_trans.tiff
Spore Labeling_Full Spectrum_DMSO_20241011_M90_CF3_OMe.txt
Spore Labeling_NFL_540_DMSO_20241011_M90_CF3_OMe.txt
Spore Labeling_Stock Solution Fluorescence_100x dilution.txt
Spore Viability_Germination_EG90_CF3.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_1.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_2.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_3.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_halfspores_1.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_halfspores_2.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_halfspores_3.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_nospores_1.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_nospores_2.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_nospores_3.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_RAFT_0 29CTA_2.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_RAFT_0 29CTA_3.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_CF3_RAFT_0 29CTA.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_H_1.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_H_2.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_H_3.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_H_nospores_1.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_H_nospores_2.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_H_nospores_3.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_OMe_0414_2.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_OMe_0414_3.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_OMe_0414.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_OMe_nospore_0414_2.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG90_OMe_nospore_0414.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG95_CF3_2.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG95_CF3_3.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG95_CF3.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG100_spores_1.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG100_spores_2.txt
Stress Strain Curve_EG100_spores_3.txt
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