Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.70rxwdcdh

Description of the data and file structure

The data are provided in two comma-separated values (CSV) files: (1) a presence dataset containing environmental predictor values associated with observed occurrences of Culex modestus, and (2) a distribution dataset containing environmental predictor values representing background or broader environmental conditions. The variables consist of satellite-derived environmental indices, including measures such as the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) and related indicators, which capture ecological conditions relevant to mosquito habitat suitability.
larval_data.csv contains the environmental data for larval sampling sites and global_distribution_data.csv contains the environmental data for the contrasting background global distribution.

Files and variables

File: larval_data.csv

Description:

Full names for the variables can be found in the supplementary material. Summary functions are calculated across the full annual time series for each site: max (maximum), median, mean and sd (standard deviation). Spectral indices are unitless ratios derived from remote sensing data, typically ranging approximately from -1 to +1 (unless otherwise stated).

Variables:

• site_id: Unique identifier for each sampling location (categorical; no units).
• gli_max: Annual maximum Green Leaf Index (GLI); unitless vegetation index measuring relative greenness (range ~ -1 to 1).
• gndvi_max: Annual maximum Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI); unitless index sensitive to chlorophyll content (range ~ -1 to 1).
• ndmi_max: Annual maximum Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI); unitless indicator of vegetation moisture content (range ~ -1 to 1).
• ndvi_max: Annual maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); unitless measure of vegetation density and health (range ~ -1 to 1).
• ndwi_max: Annual maximum Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI); unitless indicator of water content or surface water presence (range ~ -1 to 1).
• rdvi_max: Annual maximum Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index (RDVI); unitless vegetation index (range ~ -1 to 1).
• sbl_max: Annual maximum Soil Brightness Index (SBL); unitless index reflecting soil reflectance/brightness.
• gli_median: Median GLI value across all observations within the year.
• gndvi_median: Median GNDVI value across all observations within the year.
• ndmi_median: Median NDMI value across all observations within the year.
• ndvi_median: Median NDVI value across all observations within the year.
• ndwi_median: Median NDWI value across all observations within the year.
• rdvi_median: Median RDVI value across all observations within the year.
• sbl_median: Median SBL value across all observations within the year.
• gli_mean: Mean (annual average) GLI value.
• gndvi_mean: Mean (annual average) GNDVI value.
• ndmi_mean: Mean (annual average) NDMI value.
• ndvi_mean: Mean (annual average) NDVI value.
• ndwi_mean: Mean (annual average) NDWI value.
• rdvi_mean: Mean (annual average) RDVI value.
• sbl_mean: Mean (annual average) SBL value.
• gli_sd: Standard deviation of GLI across the year; unitless measure of temporal variability.
• gndvi_sd: Standard deviation of GNDVI across the year; unitless.
• ndmi_sd: Standard deviation of NDMI across the year; unitless.
• ndvi_sd: Standard deviation of NDVI across the year; unitless.
• ndwi_sd: Standard deviation of NDWI across the year; unitless.
• rdvi_sd: Standard deviation of RDVI across the year; unitless.
• sbl_sd: Standard deviation of SBL across the year; unitless.

File: global_distribution_data.csv

Description:

Full names for the variables can be found in the supplementary material. Summary functions are calculated across the full annual time series for each spatial unit: max (maximum), median, mean and sd (standard deviation). All indices are derived from remotely sensed spectral bands and are unitless.

Variables:

• gli_max: Annual maximum Green Leaf Index (GLI); unitless vegetation greenness index.
• gndvi_max: Annual maximum Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI); unitless chlorophyll-sensitive index.
• ndmi_max: Annual maximum Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI); unitless vegetation moisture indicator.
• ndvi_max: Annual maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); unitless vegetation density index.
• ndwi_max: Annual maximum Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI); unitless water-content indicator.
• rdvi_max: Annual maximum Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index (RDVI); unitless vegetation index.
• sbl_max: Annual maximum Soil Brightness Index (SBL); unitless indicator of soil reflectance.
• gli_median: Median GLI across all observations within the year.
• gndvi_median: Median GNDVI across all observations within the year.
• ndmi_median: Median NDMI across all observations within the year.
• ndvi_median: Median NDVI across all observations within the year.
• ndwi_median: Median NDWI across all observations within the year.
• rdvi_median: Median RDVI across all observations within the year.
• sbl_median: Median SBL across all observations within the year.
• gli_mean: Mean (annual average) GLI value.
• gndvi_mean: Mean (annual average) GNDVI value.
• ndmi_mean: Mean (annual average) NDMI value.
• ndvi_mean: Mean (annual average) NDVI value.
• ndwi_mean: Mean (annual average) NDWI value.
• rdvi_mean: Mean (annual average) RDVI value.
• sbl_mean: Mean (annual average) SBL value.
• gli_sd: Standard deviation of GLI across the year; variability over time.
• gndvi_sd: Standard deviation of GNDVI across the year.
• ndmi_sd: Standard deviation of NDMI across the year.
• ndvi_sd: Standard deviation of NDVI across the year.
• ndwi_sd: Standard deviation of NDWI across the year.
• rdvi_sd: Standard deviation of RDVI across the year.
• sbl_sd: Standard deviation of SBL across the year.