Data from: Extracellular adenosine deamination primes tip organizer development in Dictyostelium
Data files
Dec 16, 2025 version files 82.08 KB
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adgf_sequence_for_SMART_analysis.txt
4.71 KB
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adgf_sequences_for_MEGA_X_alignment.txt
9.55 KB
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Numreical_data_for_figures.xlsx
65.47 KB
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README.md
2.35 KB
Abstract
Ammonia is a morphogen in Dictyostelium and is known to arise from the catabolism of proteins and RNA. However, we show that extracellular adenosine deamination catalyzed by ‘adenosine deaminase related growth factor’ (ADGF) is a major source of ammonia, and demonstrate a direct role of ammonia in tip organizer development. The tip formed during early development in Dictyostelium functions analogously to the embryonic organizer of higher vertebrates. Dictyostelium strains carrying mutations in the gene adgf fail to establish an organizer, and this could be reversed by exposing the mutants to volatile ammonia. Interestingly, Klebsiella pneumoniae physically separated from the Dictyostelium adgf mutants in a partitioned dish, also rescues the mound arrest phenotype, suggesting a cross-kingdom interaction that drives development. Both the substrate, adenosine, and the product, ammonia, regulate adgf expression, and ADGF** acts downstream of the histidine kinase DhkD in regulating tip formation. Thus, the consecutive transformation of extracellular cAMP to adenosine and adenosine to ammonia are integral steps during Dictyostelium development. Remarkably, in higher vertebrates, adgf expression is elevated during gastrulation and thus adenosine deamination may be a conserved process driving organizer development in different organisms.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.76hdr7t8w
Description of the data and file structure
This submission contains all numerical data used to generate the plots described in the manuscript, with numerical data for each figure provided in separate sheets within the Excel file. In addition, the submission includes ADGF nucleotide and protein sequences used for SMART domain analysis and multiple sequence alignment in MEGA X.
Files and variables
File: adgf_sequence_for_SMART_analysis.txt
Description: Nucleotide or amino acid sequence of ADGF used for BLAST and SMART analyses to identify protein family membership and conserved domains.
Variables
- Sequence: ADGF nucleotide or amino acid sequence (FASTA format).
File: adgf_sequences_for_MEGA_X_alignment.txt
Description: FASTA-formatted ADGF sequences used for multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis in MEGA X.
Variables
- Sequence ID: Identifier for each ADGF sequence
- Sequence: Nucleotide or amino acid sequence used for alignment
File: Numreical_data_for_figures.xlsx
Description: Tabular numerical source data underlying the figures presented in the manuscript. Each sheet corresponds to a specific figure and contains the quantitative data used for statistical analysis and plotting.
Variables
- AX4: Numerical measurements obtained from AX4 (wild-type) samples
- adgf⁻: Numerical measurements obtained from adgf⁻ mutant samples
- Measured values: Quantitative readouts corresponding to the indicated assay (e.g., aggregate size, number of aggregates per cm², relative fold change, percentage adhesion, average cell speed)
Units:
Units are specified in the column headers or figure legends (e.g., mm², cm⁻², %, µm/min, relative fold change).
Notes:
Each row represents an independent measurement or sample. AX4 and adgf⁻ data are listed in separate columns across all sheets.
Code/software
The numerical data file can be opened using Microsoft Excel. The sequence files (.txt) can be opened using any standard text editor (e.g., Notepad, Notepad++, TextEdit) or sequence analysis software that supports FASTA format.