Data from: Experimental manipulation of polyandry in a marine gastropod reveals how the number of mates affects reproductive output, offspring size, and the distribution of paternity within broods
Data files
Jun 06, 2025 version files 979.42 KB
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diversityDat.csv
691.17 KB
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Edited_Figure_5.Rmd
11.92 KB
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Edited_Figure2.rmd
31.69 KB
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Edited_Figure3.rmd
20.71 KB
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Figure_4.Rmd
13.62 KB
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Figure_6.Rmd
12.52 KB
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Offspring_number.csv
115.53 KB
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PaternityFile.csv
73.33 KB
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README.md
8.94 KB
Abstract
Polyandry, where females mate with multiple males, often mediates how ecological and evolutionary forces shape populations, with various explanations for why it occurs. However, these explanations often stem from separate studies on model species, field observations, or lab experiments. Given polyandry's potential context-dependent effects, it is crucial to design studies that concurrently test multiple hypotheses within wild populations. Therefore, we conducted two experiments over two years that experimentally manipulated the number of males a female mates with in the marine gastropod, the Florida crown conch (Melongena corona). We tested whether experimentally increasing polyandry leads to more offspring, larger offspring at hatching, and broods with greater variation in offspring size and higher genetic diversity. We also investigated paternity skew, the effects of mate order, male size, and copulating time on paternity. We genotyped 3,157 offspring from 20 mothers to quantify paternity share at hatching. We found that females mating with more males did not produce more offspring or larger offspring than monandrous females at the embryo or hatching stage. However, multiple mating increased within-brood variation in offspring size at hatching, possibly as a response to exploitative intracapsular competition for oxygen in mixed broods or sire effects. Paternity share within broods at hatching was skewed, rather than evenly distributed, resulting in a lower effective number of sires compared to the number of mates. Paternity share per brood declined with mate order and increased with copulation duration, but was unaffected by male size. Overall, the commonly hypothesized consequences of polyandry were not observed in our experiments. Instead, we hypothesize that multiple mating in this species arises from convenience polyandry or mate encounter rates.
This README.txt file was generated on 2024-December-19 by Dr. Alexandra Hooks
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. Title of Dataset: Experimental manipulation of polyandry in a marine gastropod reveals how number of mates affects reproductive output, mean and variation in offspring size, and the distribution of paternity within broods.
2. Author Information
A. Principal Investigator Contact Information
Name: Scott Burgess
Institution: Florida State University
Address: 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL, USA 32306
Email: sburgess@bio.fsu.edu
B. Lead author Contact Information
Name: Alexandra Hooks
Current Institution: Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
Address: 647 Counters Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD
Email: hooksa@si.edu
Previous Institution: Florida State University
Address: 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL, USA 32306
3. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date): 2018-2019
4. Geographic location of data collection: Turkey Point, Florida, USA
5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Florida State University Department of Biological Science, Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, Padi Foundation, Association of University Women, National Science Foundation.
The RMD files contain the code for data cleaning, statistical analysis, and plotting, along with narrative text that explains each step. By running these RMD files, the figures can be regenerated as they appear in the manuscript, ensuring reproducibility.
DATA & FILE OVERVIEW
1. File List:
Figure 2.Rmd
Figure 3.Rmd
Figure 4.Rmd
Figure 5.Rmd
Figure 6.Rmd
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
offspring number.csv
- blank cells in offspring number.csv are due to no data being present for that individual. For instance, if a female mated with one male, the columns male 2-6 will be blank. In the same sense, females that mated once will only have male1's length measured.
- N/A in offspring number.csv indicate data that should exist but was not recorded due to error. For instance, some females that mated 4 times may have two males with a length of N/A due to those male lengths not being measured.
diversityDat.csv
- diversityDat.csv records all offspring that have been measured but only a subset was genotyped. The father identity for offspring from monandrous females were identified as the male that were visually seen copulating. Father identity from offspring produced by polyandrous females was determined through microsatellites. Blank cells for father identity are offspring that were not genotyped in the polyandrous female treatment.
PaternityFile.csv
2. Relationship between files:
Figure 2.R uses Offspring_Number.csv
Figure 3.R uses Data for Figure 2
Figure 4.R uses diversityDat.csv
Figure 5.R uses Data for Figure 2 & 4.csv, and PaternityFile.csv
Figure 6.R uses Data for Figure 4 and PaternityFile.csv
Table 1 uses Data for Figure 2.R and Figure 3.R
Table 2 uses Data for Figure 2.R and Figure 3.R
Table 3 uses Data for Figure 5.R
3. Metadata
Data for Figure 2 and 3 (Offspring_Number.csv)
| date.hatched | First emergence of a hatchling from an egg capsule |
|---|---|
| date.laid | Date the egg string was laid by the mother |
| mother.id | Unique identifier for each mother |
| capsule.id | Unique identifier for each egg capsule within a mother's egg string |
| offspring.num | Unique identifier for each offspring within a mother's egg capsule (includes both embryo and hatchling counts) |
| type | Identifying offspring as embryo (E) or hatchling (H) |
| genetics | Indicating if offspring was genotyped |
| father.mate | Number of males a female mated with |
| treatment | Indicating if a mother mated once (1x) or with multiple males (Mx) |
| year | Year of mating experiment |
| dev.time | Days of offspring spent developing within an egg capsule before hatching |
| male1-6 | Unique identifier and order of mated males |
| male1-6.length | Male length in mm of mated males in order in which they mated |
| male1-6.width | Male width in mm of mated males in order in which they mated |
| cop.reliable | Identifier if mate time of each group of males for a given mother was recorded |
| male1-6.cop | Copulation time in hours of a male and female |
| mate.day | The date in which the female mated with the last male of her treatment |
| block | The week in which females were mated 0-7 weeks |
| mother.length | Length in mm of known mother |
| lay.time | Time in days it took for females to lay eggs after mating |
| es1-6 | Number of fertilized egg capsules laid on that numbered egg string |
| total.ec | Total number of egg capsules laid over the reproductive season (2019 only) |
| num.string | Number of egg strings laid over the reproductive season (2019 only) |
| prob.lay | Listed as 0 or 1 for if the mother laid an egg string (1) or if she never laid (0) |
Data for Figure 4 (diversityDat.csv)
| mother.id | Unique identifier for each mother |
|---|---|
| capsule.id | Unique identifier for each egg capsule within a mother's egg string |
| indiv.id | Number assigned to offspring in each egg capsule for each mother |
| offspring.size | size of hatchlings in µm |
| dev.time | Days of offspring spent developing within an egg capsule before hatching |
| genetics | Indicating if offspring was genotyped |
| father.id | Identity of the father for a given individual |
| father.length | Length of father in mm for a genotyped offspring |
| father.cop | Time of copulation of identified sire in hours |
| father.mate | Number of males a female mated with |
| father.detect | Number of fathers detected in all egg capsules combined for a given mother |
| mother.length | Length in mm of known mother |
| treatment | Indicating if a mother mated once (1x) or with multiple males (Mx) |
| male1-6: | Unique identifier and order of mated males |
| male1-6.length | Male length in mm of mated males in order in which they mated |
| cop.reliable | Identifier if mate time of each group of males for a given mother was recorded |
| male1-6 cop | Copulation time in hours of a male and female |
Data for PaternityFile.csv (used in Figure 5 and 6)
| OffspringID | Unique identifier for each hatchling in 2019 |
|---|---|
| InferredDad1 | The inferred father identification estimated from the program Colony. |
| ProbDad1 | The probability an individual (OffspringID) belongs to the InferredDad1 |
