Data from: Computed tomography based three-dimensional reconstruction of Semanotus bifasciatus galleries: Implications for precision pest management
Abstract
Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a destructive trunk-boring pest of Cupressaceae plants. Its larvae form concealed galleries within the xylem, which are challenging to observe using traditional methods. This study combined computed tomography (CT) scanning with three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction to characterize the spatial configuration, morphology, and blockage dynamics of S. bifasciatus galleries. We scanned infested wood sections of Platycladus orientalis using a 128-slice spiral CT scanner and performed image segmentation and 3D reconstruction in MIMICS software to quantify gallery parameters, including length, volume, blockage ratio, and emergence hole dimensions. The 3D reconstructions showed that galleries were typically J-shaped, spatially segregated, and evenly distributed. The mean gallery length was 24.83 ± 1.02 mm, the mean volume was 461.39 ± 31.98 mm³, and the mean proportion of gallery volume occupied by blockages was 22.3 ± 2.25%. The mean length and width of emergence holes were 4.61 ± 0.11 mm and 3.17 ± 0.08 mm, respectively. Larvae exhibited a nearly equal ratio of upward to downward boring (≈6:7) and a “forward boring and backward filling” behavior. During eclosion, adults pushed out part of the blockages to form emergence holes. Dissection confirmed morphological features but overestimated linear measurements compared to CT; however, dissection significantly overestimated gallery length (t = −7.12, p < 0.001) and emergence hole length (t = −8.79, p < 0.001) compared to CT. This study demonstrates that CT-based 3D reconstruction enables non-destructive, accurate visualization of S. bifasciatus gallery structures provides insights into key pest behaviors and offers technical support for precision control strategies. Moreover, it establishes a novel, non-destructive method for the inspection and quarantine of this concealed pest.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8cz8w9h7w
Description of the data and file structure
This dataset contains structural parameter measurements of galleries created by the Semanotus bifasciatus (bifasciate fir longhorn beetle), a major forest pest of coniferous trees. The data includes two complementary measurement datasets:
- 3D reconstruction-based measurements of gallery structural parameters
- Manual dissection-based measurements of gallery structural parameters
All measurements were collected from infested Platycladus orientalis (Oriental arborvitae) samples, providing foundational data for the study of the beetle's boring behavior, life history, and forest pest management.
Files and variables
File: Data.xlsx
Description: The core data in Sheet1 is organized into two main data blocks:
- Left block: 3D reconstruction data of gallery structural parameters
- Right block: Manual dissection data of gallery structural parameters
Variables
2.1 Shared Sample Information Variables
| Variable Name | Full Name | Unit | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tree species | Host Tree Species | - | Species of the infested host tree (all samples in this dataset are Platycladus orientalis) |
| Diameter(mm) | Tree Trunk Diameter | Millimeters (mm) | Diameter of the infested tree trunk at the sampling location |
| Length (mm) | Tree Trunk Sample Length | Millimeters (mm) | Length of the infested tree trunk sample used for measurement |
| No. | Sample Serial Number | - | Unique serial number for each individual gallery sample |
2.2 3D Reconstruction Measurement Variables
| Variable Name | Full Name | Unit | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emergence hole length (mm) | Adult Emergence Hole Length | Millimeters (mm) | Length of the adult beetle's emergence hole on the tree surface, measured via 3D reconstruction |
| Emergence hole width (mm) | Adult Emergence Hole Width | Millimeters (mm) | Width of the adult beetle's emergence hole on the tree surface, measured via 3D reconstruction |
| Total gallery length (mm) | Total Gallery Length | Millimeters (mm) | Total length of the larval gallery tunnel, measured via 3D reconstruction |
| Vertical gallery length (mm) | Vertical Gallery Length | Millimeters (mm) | Length of the vertical segment of the larval gallery tunnel, measured via 3D reconstruction |
| Frass plug length (mm) | Frass Plug Length | Millimeters (mm) | Length of the frass plug inside the gallery tunnel, measured via 3D reconstruction |
| Frass plug volume (mm³) | Frass Plug Volume | Cubic Millimeters (mm³) | Volume of the frass plug inside the gallery tunnel, calculated from 3D reconstruction data |
| Gallery volume (mm³) | Total Gallery Volume | Cubic Millimeters (mm³) | Total internal volume of the larval gallery tunnel, calculated from 3D reconstruction data |
| Gallery orientation | Gallery Growth Orientation | - | Direction of gallery growth relative to the tree trunk; values: "up" (upward), "down" (downward) |
| Proportion of frass plug | Frass Plug Volume Proportion | - | Ratio of frass plug volume to total gallery volume; calculated as Frass plug volume / Gallery volume |
2.3 Manual Dissection Measurement Variables
| Variable Name | Full Name | Unit | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emergence hole length (mm) | Adult Emergence Hole Length | Millimeters (mm) | Length of the adult beetle's emergence hole on the tree surface, measured via manual dissection and caliper measurement |
| Emergence hole width (mm) | Adult Emergence Hole Width | Millimeters (mm) | Width of the adult beetle's emergence hole on the tree surface, measured via manual dissection and caliper measurement |
| Total gallery length (mm) | Total Gallery Length | Millimeters (mm) | Total length of the larval gallery tunnel, measured via manual dissection and caliper measurement |
Code/software
- The primary data file
Data.xlsxcan be opened and edited using:- Microsoft Excel 2016 or later
- LibreOffice Calc 6.0 or later
- WPS Office Spreadsheets
- All calculated fields (proportion of frass plug) use native Excel formulas and will update automatically if source measurement values are modified.
- For statistical analysis or data visualization, the dataset can be imported into R, Python, or other statistical software packages.
Access information
Other publicly accessible locations of the data:
- No additional public mirrors, backups, or alternative access locations exist for this dataset at the time of submission.
Data was derived from the following sources:
-
This dataset contains original, first-hand experimental data collected and generated by the author(s) through:
- Field collection of infested Platycladus orientalis trunk samples
- Laboratory 3D scanning and reconstruction of gallery structures
- Manual dissection and caliper measurement of gallery parameters
No data in this repository was derived, adapted, or repurposed from any other publicly available or proprietary datasets. All measurements are original research outputs with no prior public release.