Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8gtht7710

Description of the data and file structure

We deployed a Sea-Bird Electronics 9/11 Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) system fitted with a rosette of 24 Niskin bottles (10 L capacity). Conductivity (SBE 4C), temperature (SBE 3+), dissolved oxygen (SBE 43), and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, Biospherical QSP 2350) were directly measured throughout the water column. We estimated values for every tenth degree of latitude and longitude and 1 dbar of pressure. We recorded the interpolated value at 10 dbar and 50 dbar to represent the surface and subsurface waters, respectively, for each station. Sea surface temperature was also measured by the underway system and recorded for 110 out of 113 stations and was used to confirm the accuracy of the interpolated data points.

Seawater was collected by the Niskin bottles for determining particulate organic matter (POM), plankton DNA, oxygen isotopes, and inorganic nutrients. The bottle measurements were spatially interpolated like the CTD data and the concentrations at 10 dbar were treated as surface water at each station. 

Sea ice concentration was remotely-sensed from passive microwave data and was collected using the SMMR, SSM/I, and SSMIS satellite sensors and provided by the U.S. National Snow & Ice Data Center. Concentrations were provided in a 25 km x 25 km spatial resolution and were averaged to the nearest whole-degrees of latitude and longitude to estimate the daily concentration at each station.

Files and variables

For every file, “NaN” values are to be considered as not applicable or missing entries.

File: POMstations_Domain.csv

Description: Relative frequency (%) of plankton domains for each of the 113 POM stations

Variables

• POM stations (rows), plankton domains (columns)

File: POMstations_Phylum.csv

Description: Relative frequency (%) of plankton phyla for each of the 113 POM stations

Variables

• POM stations (rows), plankton phyla (columns)

File: POMstations_Genus.csv

Description: Relative frequency (%) of plankton genera for each of the 113 POM stations

Variables

• POM stations (rows), plankton genera (columns)

File: POMstations_KEGGmodules.csv

Description: Relative frequency (%) of KEGG modules for each of the 113 POM stations

Variables

• POM stations (rows), KEGG modules (columns)

File: CTD_data.csv

Description: CTD data used for the spatial interpolations defining the surface and subsurface values at each of the 113 POM stations

Variables

• StationID: Station ID as denoted by the HLY2202 cruise report
• BottleNum: Niskin bottle ID number
• year: sampling year
• month: sampling month
• day: sampling day (UTC)
• hour: sampling hour (UTC)
• minute: sampling minute (UTC)
• second: sampling second (UTC)
• Pressure: pressure where measurement occurred (dbar)
• Depth: depth where measurement occurred (m)
• Temperature: sea temperature (degrees Celsius)
• O2: dissolved oxygen concentration (umol/kg)
• PAR: photosynthetically active radiation (umol per cm squared per s)
• Latitude: degrees latitude (N)
• Longitude: degrees longitude (E)
• Salinity: sea salinity (psu)
• Silicate: silicate concentration (umol/kg)
• Nitrite + Nitrate: nitrite and nitrate concentration (umol/kg)
• Phosphate: phosphate concentration (umol/kg)
• Ammonia: ammonia concentration (umol/kg)
• O18: delta-oxygen-18 (parts per thousand)

File: POM_Replicates.csv

Description: Sampling times and locations of each POM filter

Variables

• POM_filter: POM filter number
• POM_station: POM station number
• PCOD: particulate chemical oxygen demand (uM)
• POC: particulate organic carbon (uM)
• PON: particulate organic nitrogen (uM)
• Lat: degrees latitude (N)
• Lon: degrees longitude (E)
• Year_UTC: sampling year
• Month_UTC: sampling month
• Day_UTC: sampling day
• Hour_UTC: sampling hour in UTC
• Hour_Local: sampling hour in local time
• Underway_temp: sea temperature from underway (degrees Celsius)
• POCN_vol: volume of seawater filtered for POC/N (L)
• PCOD_vol: volume of seawater filtered for PCOD (L)
• Prefilter: 0 = no prefilter, 1 = seawater was prefiltered with a 30 um mesh

File: POM_Master.csv

Description: Master sheet of POM concentrations, respiration stoichiometry, and environmental conditions for each of the 113 POM sampling stations (surface depth only)

Variables

• POM_station: POM station number
• Lat: degrees latitude (N)
• Lon: degrees longitude (E)
• PCOD: particulate chemical oxygen demand (uM)
• POC: particulate organic carbon (uM)
• PON: particulate organic nitrogen (uM)
• RQ: respiration quotient (PCOD:POC)
• CN: C:N ratio (POC:PON)
• totalRQ: total respiration quotient [(PCOD + 2PON):POC]
• NO3: nitrite + nitrate (umol/kg)
• NH3: ammonium (umol/kg)
• PO4: phosphate (umol/kg)
• SiO4: silicate (umol/kg)
• O18: delta-oxygen-18 (parts per thousand)
• SST: sea surface temperature (degrees Celsius)
• SSS: sea surface salinity (psu)
• PAR: photosynthetically active radiation (umol per cm squared per s)
• O2: dissolved oxygen (umol/kg)
• CellSize: cell size proxy from the relative percent of prokaryotes divided by relative percent of eukaryotes [log10(%:%)]
• Ice: sea ice concentration (factor of 100%)

File: DNA_info.csv

Description: Correspondence between each POM and DNA sampling, and necessary information for understanding the raw DNA sequence files in NCBI

Variables

• POM_station: POM station number
• POM_filter_match: corresponding POM filter (same sampling location and time)
• DNA_volume: seawater filtered (L)
• biosample_accession: BioSample Accession number on NCBI
• library_ID: library identification name
• title: sample title
• library_strategy: SRA library strategy
• library_source: SRA library source
• library_selection: SRA library selection
• library_layout: SRA library layout
• platform: instrument make
• instrument_model: instrument model
• design_description: condensed methods of DNA sampling and sequencing
• filetype: file type
• filename: first replicate file name
• filename2: second replicate file name