Data from: Neutron reflectometry and compression of graded hydrogel surfaces
Data files
Jun 17, 2026 version files 25.51 MB
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2026-06-10-Shaffer-AdvMaterInterfaces-Dryad.zip
25.48 MB
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README.md
25.88 KB
Abstract
Polyacrylamide hydrogels with depth-wise gradients in polymer density (i.e., surface gel layers) are ideal synthetic models to understand stress modulation in hierarchical, compositionally-graded biological tissues, including articular cartilage, in part, due to their similarities in water content and network structure. This work investigated surface gel layer thickness and crosslinker mobility (e.g., covalent crosslinks versus physical entanglements) in polyacrylamide hydrogels and their impact on mechanical properties via confocal microscopy, indentation and compression measurements, neutron reflectivity, and mesoscale modeling. Hydrogels polymerized against oxygen-permeable polydimethylsiloxane exhibited thicker surface gel layers and significantly lower elastic modulus compared to hydrogels polymerized against oxygen-impermeable glass. Physical entanglements lowered the hydrogel elastic modulus within the surface gel layer and throughout the bulk. Neutron reflectivity revealed the collapse of near-surface polymer networks under compressive loads, in good agreement with dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. Our results suggested that both the hydrogel elastic modulus and crosslinker mobility set the load required to collapse the polymer network. Furthermore, the collapse of thicker surface gel layers resulted in lower polymer network density than thinner surface gel layers. This work points to polymer density and crosslinker mobility as key design parameters in the design of stress-modulating and tissue-like materials.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8kprr4z3s
Description of the data and file structure
Data from a peer-reviewed article:
Neutron Reflectometry and Compression of Graded Hydrogel Surfaces
Authors: Kathryn E. Shaffer, Alex Q. Zhang, Mehdi Karimi, Ahmed Al Kindi, Linnaea D. Uliassi, Nemea S. Courelli, Julia J. Ong, Conor D. Pugsley, Andrew R. Rhode, Erik B. Watkins, Rebecca J.L. Welbourn, Alexander Alexeev, and Angela A. Pitenis
Corresponding Authors: Angela A. Pitenis apitenis@ucsb.edu
Files and variables
File: 2026-06-10-Shaffer-AdvMaterInterfaces-Dryad.zip
Description:
File List:
A) Fig1_C_surface_gel_layer_thickness.csv
B) Fig2_B_reduced_elastic_modulus.csv
C) Fig2_C_cc-glass_force_displacement.csv
D) Fig2_D_cc-PDMS_force_displacement.csv
E) Fig2_E_he-glass_force_displacement.csv
F) Fig2_F_he-PDMS_force_displacement.csv
G) Fig3_C_stress_strain.csv
H) Fig4_A_cc-glass_force_relaxation.csv
I) Fig4_B_cc-PDMS_force_relaxation.csv
J) Fig4_C_he-glass_force_relaxation.csv
K) Fig4_D_he-PDMS_force_relaxation.csv
L) Fig5_C_cc-glass_reflectivity.csv
M) Fig5_D_cc-PDMS_reflectivity.csv
N) Fig5_E_HE-glass_reflectivity.csv
O) Fig5_F_HE-PDMS_reflectivity.csv
P) Fig5_CDEF_polymer_content.csv
Q) Fig7_B_DPD_average_polymer_composition.csv
R) Fig7_C_neutron_polymer_composition.csv
S) Fig7_D_DPD_polymer_composition_rigid_crosslinks_thin_surface.csv
T) Fig7_E_DPD_polymer_composition_rigid_crosslinks_thick_surface.csv
U) Fig7_F_DPD_polymer_composition_entanglements_thin_surface.csv
V) Fig8_C_reflectivity.csv
W) Fig8_D_scattering_length_density.csv
X) Fig9_B_mesh_size_probability_density.csv
Y) Fig9_C_monomer_probability_density.csv
Z) FigS2_A_cc-glass_SAXS.csv
AA) FigS2_B_he-glass_SAXS.csv
AB) FigS3_A_cc-glass_fluorescence_intensity.csv
AC) FigS3_B_cc-PDMS_fluorescence_intensity.csv
AD) FigS3_C_he-glass_fluorescence_intensity.csv
AE) FigS3_D_he-PDMS_fluorescence_intensity.csv
AF) FigS3_E_capillary_fluorescence_intensity.csv
AG) FigS3_A_cc-glass_confocal_projection.tif
AH) FigS3_B_cc-PDMS_confocal_projection.tif
AI) FigS3_C_he-glass_confocal_projection.tif
AJ) FigS3_D_he-PDMS_confocal_projection.tif
AK) FigS3_E_capillary_confocal_projection.tif
AL) FigS4_A_cc-glass_force_displacement.csv
AM) FigS4_B_cc-PDMS_force_displacement.csv
AN) FigS4_C_he-glass_force_displacement.csv
AO) FigS4_D_he-PDMS_force_displacement.csv
AP) FigS6_A_bulk_compression_3p3N.csv
AQ) FigS6_B_bulk_compression_6p5N.csv
AR) FigS6_C_bulk_compression_33N.csv
AS) FigS6_D_bulk_compression_65N.csv
AT) FigS6_E_bulk_compression_130N.csv
AU) FigS6_F_bulk_compression_200N.csv
AV) FigS7_cc-glass_reflectivity.csv
AW) FigS8_cc-PDMS_reflectivity.csv
AX) FigS9_he-glass_reflectivity.csv
AY) FigS10_he-PDMS_reflectivity.csv
AZ) FigS11_DPD_adhesion.csv
Figure 1: Surface Gel Layer Thickness Data
A) Fig1_C_surface_gel_layer_thickness.csv: bar graph of average surface gel layer thickness for hydrogel samples and control samples
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: sample type for data in columns B and C
* Column B: mean surface gel layer thickness, δ_avg, in micrometers
* Column C: standard deviation in surface gel layer thickness, in micrometers
Figure 2: Full force displacement curves
B) Fig2_B_reduced_elastic_modulus.csv: bar graph of average reduced elastic modulus for hydrogel samples
*Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: sample type for data in columns B and C
* Column B: mean reduced elastic modulus, in kilopascals
* Column C: standard deviation in reduced elastic modulus, in kilopascals
C) Fig2_C_cc-glass_force_displacement.csv: force vs displacement data and hertzian contact mechanics fit for a covalently-crosslinked, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: indentation depth, in micrometers
* Column B: force, in micronewtons
* Column C: Hertzian contact mechanics fit, in micronewtons
D) Fig2_D_cc-PDMS_force_displacement.csv: force vs displacement data and hertzian contact mechanics fit for a covalently-crosslinked, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: indentation depth, in micrometers
* Column B: force, in micronewtons
* Column C: Hertzian contact mechanics fit, in micronewtons
E) Fig2_E_he-glass_force_displacement.csv: force vs displacement data and hertzian contact mechanics fit for a highly-entangled, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: indentation depth, in micrometers
* Column B: force, in micronewtons
* Column C: Hertzian contact mechanics fit, in micronewtons
F) Fig2_F_he-PDMS_force_displacement.csv: force vs displacement data and hertzian contact mechanics fit for a highly-entangled, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: indentation depth, in micrometers
* Column B: force, in micronewtons
* Column C: Hertzian contact mechanics fit, in micronewtons
Figure 3: stress and strain measurements
G) Fig3_C_stress_strain.csv: stress vs strain plot for hydrogel samples
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: sample type
* Column B: average strain
* Column C: standard deviation in strain
* Column D: average stress in kilopascals
* Column E: standard deviation in stress in kilopascals
Figure 4: force relaxation and time measurements
H) Fig4_A_cc-glass_force_relaxation.csv: reduced force, time, and normalized time data for a covalently-crosslinked, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1 Column A: data label of depth micrometers
* Row 1 Columns B-J: depth associated with the data in column in micrometers
* Row 2 Columns B-J: data labels for subsequent rows with units
* Column B, E, and H, Row 3-end: time, in seconds
* Column C, ,F and I, Row 3-end: normalized time, in seconds per micrometer squared
* Column D,, G and J, Row 3-end: reduced force, in arbitrary units
I) Fig4_B_cc-PDMS_force_relaxation.csv: reduced force, time, and normalized time data for a covalently-crosslinked, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1 Column A: data label of depth micrometers
* Row 1 Columns B-J: depth associated with the data in column in micrometers
* Row 2 Columns B-J: data labels for subsequent rows with units
* Column B, E, and H, Row 3-end: time, in seconds
* Column C, ,F and I, Row 3-end: normalized time, in seconds per micrometer squared
* Column D, G, and J, Row 3-end: reduced force, in arbitrary units
J) Fig4_C_he-glass_force_relaxation.csv: reduced force, time, and normalized time data for a highly-entangled, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1 Column A: data label of depth micrometers
* Row 1 Columns B-J: depth associated with the data in column in micrometers
* Row 2 Columns B-J: data labels for subsequent rows with units
* Column B, E, and H, Row 3-end: time, in seconds
* Column C, ,F and I, Row 3-end: normalized time, in seconds per micrometer squared
* Column D,, G and J, Row 3-end: reduced force, in arbitrary units
K) Fig4_D_he-PDMS_force_relaxation.csv: reduced force, time, and normalized time data for a highly-entangled, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1 Column A: data label of depth micrometers
* Row 1 Columns B-J: depth associated with the data in column in micrometers
* Row 2 Columns B-J: data labels for subsequent rows with units
* Column B, E, and H, Row 3-end: time, in seconds
* Column C, ,F and I, Row 3-end: normalized time, in seconds per micrometer squared
* Column D,, G and J, Row 3-end: reduced force, in arbitrary units
Figure 5: modeled reflectivity and polymer content
L) Fig5_C_cc-glass_reflectivity.csv: modeled reflectivity and momentum transfer vector for a covalently-crosslinked, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: prescribed load. In the case of blank-1 and blank-2, no hydrogel is present to apply a load on. In all other cases, load is in newtons.
* Column B: momentum transfer vector, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column C: modeled reflectivity
M) Fig5_D_cc-PDMS_reflectivity.csv: modeled reflectivity and momentum transfer vector for a covalently-crosslinked, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column prescribed bed load. In the case of blank-1 and blank-2, no hydrogel is present to apply a load on. In all other cases, load is in newtons.
* Column B: momentum transfer vector, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column C: modeled reflectivity
N) Fig5_E_HE-glass_reflectivity.csv: modeled reflectivity and momentum transfer vector for a highly-entangled, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: prescribed load. In the case of blank-1 and blank-2, no hydrogel is present to apply a load on. In all other cases, load is in newtons.
* Column B: momentum transfer vector, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column C: modeled reflectivity
O) Fig5_F_HE-PDMS_reflectivity.csv: modeled reflectivity and momentum transfer vector for a highly-entangled, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: prescribed load. In the case of blank-1 and blank-2, no hydrogel is present to apply a load on. In all other cases, load is in newtons.
* Column B: momentum transfer vector, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column C: modeled reflectivity
P) Fig5_CDEF_polymer_content.csv: polymer content and normal stress for all hydrogels
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: hydrogel sample type
* Column B: pressure, in kilopascals
* Column C: error in pressure, in kilopascals
* Column D: W, in weight percent polymer
* Column E: negative error in W, in weight percent polymer
* Column F: positive error in W, in weight percent polymer
Figure 7: polymer composition from dissipative particle dynamics simulations
Q) Fig7_B_DPD_average_polymer_composition.csv: average polymer mole fraction and strain for all dissipative particle dynamics models
* Row 1: labels for column data. All data is unitless
* Column A: model type
* Column B: normalized wall distance range
* Column C: strain
* Column D: polymer mole fraction
* Column E: error in polymer mole fraction
R) Fig7_C_neutron_polymer_composition.csv: polymer mole fraction as measured by neutron reflectivity for hydrogel samples
* Row 1: labels for column data. All data is unitle
* Column A: hydrogel sample type
* Column B: average strain
* Column C: average strain error
* Column D: polymer mole fraction
* Column E: negative error in polymer mole fraction
* Column F: positive error in polymer mole fraction
S) Fig7_D_DPD_polymer_composition_rigid_crosslinks_thin_surface.csv: polymer mole fraction and wall distance at compressive strains for a dissipative particle dynamics model of a hydrogel with rigid crosslinks and a thin surface gel layer
* Row 1: labels for column data. All data is unitless
* Column A: normalized distance from the wall
* Column B: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0
* Column C: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.05
* Column D: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.1
* Column E: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.15
* Column F: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.2
* Column G: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.25
T) Fig7_E_DPD_polymer_composition_rigid_crosslinks_thick_surface.csv: polymer mole fraction and wall distance at compressive strains for a dissipative particle dynamics model of a hydrogel with rigid crosslinks and a thick surface gel layer
* Row 1: labels for column data. All data is unitless
* Column A: normalized distance from the wall
* Column B: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0
* Column C: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.05
* Column D: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.1
* Column E: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.15
* Column F: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.2
* Column G: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.25
U) Fig7_F_DPD_polymer_composition_entanglements_thin_surface.csv: polymer mole fraction and wall distance at compressive strains for a dissipative particle dynamics model of a hydrogel with entanglements and a thin surface gel layer
* Row 1: labels for column data. All data is unitless
* Column A: normalized distance from the wall
* Column B: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0
* Column C: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.05
* Column D: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.1
* Column E: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.15
* Column F: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.2
* Column G: polymer mole fraction at a strain of 0.25
Figure 8: Representative neutron reflectivity and scattering length density profile
V) Fig8_C_reflectivity.csv: reflectivity, momentum transfer, and modeled reflectivity for a representative hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data
* Column A: momentum transfer vector, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column B: error in momentum transfer vector, dQ, in inverse angstroms
* Column C: reflectivity, R
* Column D: error in reflectivity, dR
* Column E: modeled reflectivity
W) Fig8_D_scattering_length_density.csv: scattering length density fitting parameters and confidence intervals for a representative hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data
* Column A: parameter labels for scattering length density fits with units
* Column B: value of parameter, with units as indicated in column A
* Column C: parameter's lower value for a 95% confidence interval fit, with units as indicated in column A
* Column D: parameter's upper value for a 95% confidence interval fit, with units as indicated in column A
* Row 2: silicon scattering length density with units of multiplied by ten to the power of negative six angstroms squared
* Row 3: silicon interface roughness, in angstroms
* Row 4: silicon oxide scattering length density with units of multiplied by ten to the power of negative six angstroms squared
* Row 5: silicon oxide interface roughness, in angstroms
* Row 6: silicon oxide thickness, in angstroms
* Row 7: neutron signal background, in arbitrary units
* Row 8: neutron signal intensity, in arbitrary units
* Row 9: hydrogel scattering length density with units of multiplied by ten to the power of negative six angstroms squared
Figure 9: dissipative particle dynamics model simulation probability density
X) Fig9_B_mesh_size_probability_density.csv: histogram of probability density of modeled hydrogel mesh size
* Row 1: labels for column data
* Column A: minimum mesh size in bin, in DPD units
* Column B: maximum mesh size in bin, in DPD units
* Column C: probability density
Y) Fig9_C_monomer_probability_density.csv: histogram of probability density of number of modeled monomers per strand
* Row 1: labels for column data
* Column A: minimum monomers per strand in bin in counts
* Column B: maximum monomers per strand in the bin in counts
* Column C: probability density
Figure S2: small-angle X-ray scattering of hydrogels
Z) FigS2_A_cc-glass_SAXS.csv: small-angle X-ray scattering for a covalently-crosslinked, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data
* Column A: momentum transfer, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column B: intensity, in arbitrary units
* Column C: error in intensity, in arbitrary units
* Column D: modeled momentum transfer, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column E: modeled intensity, arbitrary units
AA) FigS2_B_he-glass_SAXS.csv: small-angle X-ray scattering for a highly-entangled, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data
* Column A: momentum transfer, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column B: intensity, in arbitrary units
* Column C: error in intensity, in arbitrary units
* Column D: modeled momentum transfer, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column E: modeled intensity, in arbitrary units
Figure S3: confocal fluorescence microscopy of hydrogels
AB) FigS3_A_cc-glass_fluorescence_intensity.csv: fluorescence intensity and depth for a covalently-crosslinked, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data
* Column A: depth, in micrometers
* Column B: scaled intensity, in arbitrary units
* Column C: average intensity, in arbitrary units
AC) FigS3_B_cc-PDMS_fluorescence_intensity.csv: fluorescence intensity and depth for a covalently-crosslinked, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data
* Column A: depth, in micrometers
* Column B: scaled intensity, in arbitrary units
* Column C: average intensity, in arbitrary units
AD) FigS3_C_he-glass_fluorescence_intensity.csv: fluorescence intensity and depth for a highly-entangled, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data
* Column A: depth, in micrometers
* Column B: scaled intensity, in arbitrary units
* Column C: average intensity, in arbitrary units
AE) FigS3_D_he-PDMS_fluorescence_intensity.csv: fluorescence intensity and depth for a highly-entangled, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data
* Column A: depth, in micrometers
* Column B: scaled intensity, in arbitrary units
* Column C: average intensity, in arbitrary units
AF) FigS3_E_capillary_fluorescence_intensity.csv: fluorescence intensity and depth for a capillary channel control
* Row 1: labels for column data
* Column A: depth, in micrometers
* Column B: scaled intensity, in arbitrary units
* Column C: average intensity, in arbitrary units
AG) FigS3_A_cc-glass_confocal_projection.tif: a confocal image in y and z, where z is depth into the covalently-crosslinked, glass-cast hydrogel. Green indicates the presence of fluorescent 26 nm beads. The dark region above is a bulk hydrog,el and the dark region below is glass.
AH) FigS3_B_cc-PDMS_confocal_projection.ti f: a confocal image in y and z, where z is depth into the covalently-crosslinked, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel. Green indicates the presence of fluorescent 26 nm beads. The dark region above is a bulk hydrog, el and the dark region below is glass.
AI) FigS3_C_he-glass_confocal_projection.tif: a confocal image in y and z, where z is depth into the highly-entangled, glass-cast hydrogel. Green indicates the presence of fluorescent 26 nm beads. The dark region above is a bulk hydrogel, and the dark region below is glass.
AJ) FigS3_D_he-PDMS_confocal_projection.tif: a confocal image in y and z, where z is depth into the highly-entangled, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel. Green indicates the presence of the fluorescent 26 nm beads. The dark region above is a bulk hydrogel, and the dark region below is glass.
AK) FigS3_E_capillary_confocal_projection.tif: a confocal image in y and z, where z is depth into the control sample. Green indicates the presence of fluorescent 26 nm beads. Dark regions above and below are glass.
Figure S4: Full force displacement curves from nanoindentation
AL) FigS4_A_cc-glass_force_displacement.csv: force vs displacement data and Hertzian contact mechanics fit for a covalently-crosslinked, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: indentation depth, in micrometers, for the approach curve
* Column B: force, in micronewtons, for the approach curve
* Column C: Hertzian contact mechanics fit for the approach curve, in micronewtons
* Column D: indentation depth, in micrometers, for the retraction curve
* Column E: force, in micronewtons, for the retraction curve
AM) FigS4_B_cc-PDMS_force_displacement.csv: force vs displacement data and hertzian contact mechanics fit for a covalently-crosslinked, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: indentation depth, in micrometers, for the approach curve
* Column B: force, in micronewtons, for the approach curve
* Column C: Hertzian contact mechanics fit for the approach curve, in micronewtons
* Column D: indentation depth, in micrometers, for the retraction curve
* Column E: force, in micronewtons, for the retraction curve
AN) FigS4_C_he-glass_force_displacement.csv: force vs displacement data and hertzian contact mechanics fit for a highly-entangled, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: indentation depth, in micrometers, for the approach curve
* Column B: force, in micronewtons, for the approach curve
* Column C: Hertzian contact mechanics fit for the approach curve, in micronewtons
* Column D: indentation depth, in micrometers, for the retraction curve
* Column E: force, in micronewtons, for the retraction curve
AO) FigS4_D_he-PDMS_force_displacement.csv: force vs displacement data and hertzian contact mechanics fit for a highly-entangled, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: indentation depth, in micrometers, for the approach curve
* Column B: force, in micronewtons, for the approach curve
* Column C: Hertzian contact mechanics fit for the approach curve, in micronewtons
* Column D: indentation depth, in micrometers, for the retraction curve
* Column E: force, in micronewtons, for the retraction curve
Figure S6: bulk relaxation of hydrogels
AP) FigS6_A_bulk_compression_3p3N.csv: force and time data for all gel types starting at a load of 3.3 N
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: hydrogel sample type
* Column B: time, in hours
* Column C: force, in newtons
* Column D: force relaxation fit, in newtons
AQ) FigS6_B_bulk_compression_6p5N.csv: force and time data for all gel types starting at a load of 6.5 N
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: hydrogel sample type
* Column B: time, in hours
* Column C: force, in newtons
* Column D: force relaxation fit, in newtons
AR) FigS6_C_bulk_compression_33N.csv: force and time data for all gel types starting at a load of 33 N
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: hydrogel sample type
* Column B: time, in hours
* Column C: force, in newtons
* Column D: force relaxation fit, in newtons
AS) FigS6_D_bulk_compression_65N.csv: force and time data for all gel types starting at a load of 65 N
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: hydrogel sample type
* Column B: time, in hours
* Column C: force, in newtons
* Column D: force relaxation fit, in newtons
AT) FigS6_E_bulk_compression_130N.csv: force and time data for all gel types starting at a load of 130 N
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: hydrogel sample type
* Column B: time, in hours
* Column C: force, in newtons
* Column D: force relaxation fit, in newtons
AU) FigS6_F_bulk_compression_200N.csv: force and time data for all gel types starting at a load of 200 N
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: hydrogel sample type
* Column B: time, in hours
* Column C: force, in newtons
* Column D: force relaxation fit, in newtons
Figures S7, S8, S9, and S10: reflectivity data for hydrogels
AV) FigS7_cc-glass_reflectivity.csv: reflectivity and fits for a covalently-crosslinked, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: prescribed load. In the case of blank-1 and blank-2, no hydrogel is present to apply a load on. In all other cases, load is in newtons.
* Column A: momentum transfer vector, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column B: error in momentum transfer vector, dQ, in inverse angstroms
* Column C: reflectivity, R
* Column D: error in reflectivity, dR
* Column E: modeled reflectivity
AW) FigS8_cc-PDMS_reflectivity.csv: reflectivity and fits for a covalently-crosslinked, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: prescribed load. In the case of blank-1 and blank-2, no hydrogel is present to apply a load on. In all other cases, load is in newtons.
* Column A: momentum transfer vector, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column B: error in momentum transfer vector, dQ, in inverse angstroms
* Column C: reflectivity, R
* Column D: error in reflectivity, dR
* Column E: modeled reflectivity
AX) FigS9_he-glass_reflectivity.csv: reflectivity and fits for a highly-entangled, glass-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: prescribed load. In the case of blank-1 and blank-2, no hydrogel is present to apply a load on. In all other cases, load is in newtons.
* Column A: momentum transfer vector, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column B: error in momentum transfer vector, dQ, in inverse angstroms
* Column C: reflectivity, R
* Column D: error in reflectivity, dR
* Column E: modeled reflectivity
AY) FigS10_he-PDMS_reflectivity.csv: reflectivity and fits for a highly-entangled, polydimethylsiloxane-cast hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data with units
* Column A: prescribed load. In the case of blank-1 and blank-2, no hydrogel is present to apply a load on. In all other cases, load is in newtons.
* Column A: momentum transfer vector, Q, in inverse angstroms
* Column B: error in momentum transfer vector, dQ, in inverse angstroms
* Column C: reflectivity, R
* Column D: error in reflectivity, dR
* Column E: modeled reflectivity
Figure S11: polymer content for adhesive and non-adhesive dissipative particle dynamics simulated hydrogels
AZ) FigS11_DPD_adhesion.csv: average polymer mole fraction and strain for an adhesive and a non-adhesive simulated hydrogel
* Row 1: labels for column data. All data is unitless
* Column A: model type
* Column B: normalized wall distance range
* Column C: strain
* Column D: polymer mole fraction
* Column E: error in polymer mole fraction