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Dryad

Macroinvertebrate habitat use and the cascading effects of a native and non-native species

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Feb 06, 2025 version files 121.53 KB
Feb 06, 2025 version files 121.52 KB

Abstract

Introductions of novel ecosystem engineers to our estuaries and coasts are often associated with strong impacts on the environment, with some altering community and behavioral interactions, especially if they are part of a cascading interaction. In some US Mid-Atlantic soft-sediment mudflats adjacent to salt marshes, the native predatory polychaete Diopatra cuprea preferentially decorates its mucus tube with the invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla. This may be due to a facilitation cascade between these species, possibly increasing the availability of invertebrate prey for D. cuprea. To determine the effects of facilitation of G. vermiculophylla by D. cuprea on invertebrates associated with algae, we compared communities inhabiting G. vermiculophylla and Ulva spp. decorations using a field manipulation experiment. Additionally, we tested invertebrate habitat-use in the laboratory with a microcosm choice experiment. In the field, the interaction between site, algal species, and worm presence drove macroinvertebrate species richness and abundance, with a pattern of higher species richness on D. cuprea tubes with G. vermiculophylla decorations, and a pattern of higher abundance on Ulva spp. decorations when D. cuprea was. In the laboratory, the abundant amphipod species Gammarus mucronatus associated with G. vermiculophylla over Ulva spp. regardless of D. cuprea presence. Our study suggests that algal species is only one of multiple factors which structure macroinvertebrate community composition, while laboratory trials suggested that specific invertebrates may show preference for certain algae. This work highlights the complex interactions between native and non-native species and their associated communities, which may incur facilitation cascades as a result of novel or changing species interactions.