Temporal fluctuations and geographic distributions of Leptopilina (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) species in North Carolina: Implications for biological control of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Data files
Jun 06, 2025 version files 96.95 KB
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Levenson_et_al_dataset1.csv
87.37 KB
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Levenson_et_al_dataset2.csv
5.73 KB
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README.md
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Abstract
To better understand populations of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) parasitoids, especially the newly established Leptopilina japonica, we compare detection methods and report on temporal fluctuations and geographic distributions in North Carolina blackberry fields. Data were collected from October 2022 to November 2023.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bcc2fqzr7
Description of the data and file structure
Levenson et al dataset 1: specimens collected under the Comparison of detection methods, Additional detection method testing, Temporal fluctuations of Leptopilina Species, Geographic Distribution of Leptopilina Species in Southeastern Blackberry Fields sections.
Levenson et al dataset 2: details of wild and crop fruit samples collected under Comparison of detection methods and Additional detection method testing sections.
Files and variables
File: Levenson_et_al_dataset1.csv
Description: specimens collected under the Comparison of detection methods,Additional detection method testing, Temporal fluctuations of Leptopilina Species, Geographic Distribution of Leptopilina Species in Southeastern Blackberry Fields sections.
Variables
- year: year when samples were collected (2022 or 2023)
- data type: what section the data were collected under; options include detection (Comparison of detection methods), temporal (Temporal fluctuations of Leptopilina Species), spatial (Geographic Distribution of Leptopilina Species in Southeastern Blackberry Fields), and additional (Additional detection method testing).
- site code: where the samples were collected; options include Site 1, Site 2, Site 3, Site 4, Site 5, Site 6. Sites 1 - 3 are research stations and Sites 4 - 6 are commercial farms.
- institution code: sample id for each specimen used in the Specialty Crops Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management lab at North Carolina State University. A value of “.” notes a sample that has not currently received an anonymized institution code.
- sample type: how the specimen was collected; options include Liquid Trap, Sentinel Trap, Fruit Incubation, Wild Fruit, and Crop Fruit.
- month of collection: month and year combination for when each specimen was collected. Date range includes October 2022 to November 2023.
- id: species identification of each specimen. Only specimens that could be identified to species are included.
File: Levenson_et_al_dataset2.csv
Description: details of wild and crop fruit samples collected under Comparison of detection methods and* Additional detection method testing* sections.
Variables
- year: year when samples were collected (2022 or 2023)
- date: date (in month/day/year format) when sample was collected
- data type: what section the data were collected under; options include detection (Comparison of detection methods) and additional (Additional detection method testing).
- site: where the samples were collected; options include Site 1, Site 2, Site 3, Site 4, Site 6. Sites 1 - 3 are research stations and Sites 4 - 6 are commercial farms.
- sample id: internal code used for each fruit sample used in the Specialty Crops Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management lab at North Carolina State University.
- fruit type: how the specimen was collected; options include Sentinel Trap, Fruit Incubation, Wild Fruit, and Crop Fruit.
- fruit: what type of fruit the sample consisted of.
- fruit number: how many individual fruits were included in the sample. A value of “.” notes where this measurement was not taken.
- fruit wgt: how much the sample weighed, in grams. A value of “.” notes where this measurement was not taken.
- number of parasitoid: total number of parasitoids that emerged from the sample.
- number of species: how many parasitoid species emerged from the sample.
- number of Lj: how many Leptopilina japonica, specifically, emerged from the sample.
Comparison of detection methods
In October 2022 and November 2022, we compared three sampling methods: liquid traps, incubated fruit, and sentinel traps. Sentinel traps were prepared at the Beneficial Insects Lab of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services’ Biological Control Program prior to being placed in the field. All samples, after being collected from the field, were brought back to the Specialty Crops Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management Laboratory at North Carolina State University for processing.
Additional detection method testing
Based on our experience with the above methods, we collected additional samples in 2023 during peak blackberry harvest. We only used liquid traps and fruit incubation to collect samples, but collected samples of both crop fruit and wild fruit. After being collected from the field, samples were processed as detailed above.
Temporal fluctuations of Leptopilina Species
To understand temporal fluctuations of Leptopilina species, we collected samples via liquid traps at one site for one calendar year from October 2022 to November 2023. After being collected from the field, samples were processed as detailed above.
Geographic Distribution of Leptopilina Species in Southeastern Blackberry Fields
To understand the geographical distribution of Leptopilina species across North Carolina blackberry fields, we collected samples via liquid traps from four sites and processed samples as detailed above.