Data from: Mineola tower-based methane enhancement (ΔCH4), ethane enhancement (ΔC2H6), and carbon monoxide enhancement (ΔCO) observations and simulated ΔCH4
Data files
Jun 02, 2026 version files 5.97 MB
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Mineola_Methane_Background.csv
1.32 MB
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Mineola_Methane_Enhancements.csv
1.30 MB
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Mineola_Simulated_Methane_Enhancements.csv
1.95 MB
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README.md
8.35 KB
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result_df_frogny_archive.csv
1.11 MB
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result_df_frogsicle_archive.csv
276.79 KB
Abstract
This dataset includes 5-minute mean of dry mole fractions of methane enhancements (ΔCH4), ethane enhancements (ΔC2H6), carbon monoxide enhancements (ΔCO), and Reduced Major Axis (RMA) regression statistics (slope, intercept, and R²) calculated from 1 Hz observations of ΔC2H6:ΔCH4 and ΔCO:ΔCH4, collected from May to August 2023 and February 2024 at the Mineola Tower (40.74951N, 73.6384W 60 m above ground level, agl) using the Aerodyne SuperDUAL spectrometer. Hourly observed ΔCH4 at Mineola Tower from NYCMA using the methane observations from Earth Networks sites, and simulated ΔCH4 at Mineola tower ar 62 meters above ground level, and background methane calculated using the methane observations from Earth Networks sites (Stockholm, Hamden) and from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) tower operated by the Commane group for the University of Rochester are also included for the period from January 2023 to December 2024.
The observations and analysis are described in the manuscript "Natural Gas Consumption Drives Year-round Methane Emissions from New York City" by Yuwei Zhao, Andrew Hallward-Driemeier, Luke D. Schiferl, Trey Maddaleno, Michael P. Vermeuel, Dylan B. Millet, Delphine Farmer, and Roisin Commane.
5-minute mean of methane enhancemnets (ΔCH4), ethane enhancemnets (ΔC2H6), and carbon monoxide enhancemnets (ΔCO) from New York City metropolitan area (NYCMA), and Reduced Major Axis (RMA) regression statistics (slope, intercept, and R2) calculated from 5 minute period of 1 Hz ΔC2H6:ΔCH4 and ΔCO:ΔCH4, collected from May to August 2023 and February 2024 at the Mineola Tower (40.7495N, 73.6384W 60 meters above ground level) using the Aerodyne SuperDUAL spectrometer. Hourly observed ΔCH4 at Mineola Tower from NYCMA using the methane observations from Earth Networks sites at Mineola tower, and simulated ΔCH4 at 62 meters above ground level, and hourly background methane calculated using the methane observations from Earth Networks sites (Stockholm, Hamden) and from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) tower operated by the Commane group for the University of Rochester are also included for the period from January 2023 to December 2024.
Description of the data and file structure
For csv file named "result_df_frogny_archive.csv" and "result_df_frogsicle_archive.csv", where each row is 5 minutes, each column is a variable as below:
| Variable | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Start_Datetime_UTC | YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS | Start date and time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) |
| End_Datetime_UTC | YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS | End date and time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) |
| C2H6_CH4_enh_slope | None | Slope of 5-minute RMA linear fit of ΔC2H6:ΔCH4 at Mineola Tower |
| C2H6_CH4_enh_r2 | None | R2 of 5-minute RMA linear fit of ΔC2H6:ΔCH4 at Mineola Tower |
| CO_CH4_enh_slope | None | Slope of 5-minute RMA linear fit of ΔCO:ΔCH4 at Mineola Tower |
| CO_CH4_enh_r2 | None | R2 of 5-minute RMA linear fit of ΔCO:ΔCH4 at Mineola Tower |
| CH4_mean_enhanced_ppb | ppb | 5-minute mean of methane enhancements at Mineola Tower |
| CO_mean_enhanced_ppb | ppb | 5-minute mean of carbon monoxide enhancements at Mineola Tower |
| C2H6_mean_enhanced_ppb | ppb | 5-minute mean of ethane enhancements at Mineola Tower |
For csv file named "Mineola_Methane_Background.csv", where each row is an hour, each column is a variable as below:
| Variable | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
| datetime_NYC | YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS | Hourly datetime in New York City local time (Eastern Time) |
| methane_bg_mean | ppb | Mean of the 10-day hourly methane background bootstrap from Stockholm, Hamden, and LDEO |
| methane_bg_p25 | ppb | 25th percentile of the 10-day hourly methane background bootstrap from Stockholm, Hamden, and LDEO |
| methane_bg_p75 | ppb | 75th percentile of the 10-day hourly methane background bootstrap from Stockholm, Hamden, and LDEO |
For csv file named "Mineola_Methane_Enhancements.csv", where each row is an hour, each column is a variable as below:
| Variable | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
| datetime_NYC | YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS | Hourly datetime in New York City local time (Eastern Time) |
| methane_enh_mean | ppb | Hourly methane enhancements calculated using methane_bg_mean |
| methane_enh_p25 | ppb | Hourly methane enhancements calculated using methane_bg_p25 |
| methane_enh_p75 | ppb | Hourly methane enhancements calculated using methane_bg_p75 |
For csv file named "Mineola_Simulated_Methane_Enhancements.csv", where each row is an hour, each column is a variable as below:
| Variable | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
| datetime_NYC | YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS | Hourly datetime in New York City local time (Eastern Time) |
| EDGAR_2018 | ppb | Simulated ΔCH4 as monthly EDGAR v6.0 CH4 emissions × surface influence footprint |
| EDGAR_2022 | ppb | Simulated ΔCH4 as monthly EDGAR v8.0 CH4 emissions × surface influence footprint |
| GEPA_2018 | ppb | Simulated ΔCH4 as monthly EPA GHGI v2023 CH4 emissions × surface influence footprint |
| GEPA_2018_Extension | ppb | Simulated ΔCH4 as monthly EPA GHGI v2023 extended CH4 emissions × surface influence footprint |
| Pitt_2024 | ppb | Simulated ΔCH4 as Pitt High-Res mean emissions × surface influence footprint |
Missing data and data that did not pass the QA/QC are labeled as N/A.
Hourly methane was measured by Picarro G2301 by Earth Network, 1 Hz methane, ethane, and O were measured by Aerodyne SuperDUAL for May to August 2023 and February 2024. Each instrument was calibrated using gas cylinders that are traceable to standards calibrated by the Central Calibration Laboratory (CCL) at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML) in Boulder, CO. CCL maintains the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) methane (WMO X2004A), CO2 (WMO X2007), and CO scales (WMO X2014A). The Aerodyne SuperDUAL set-up at Mineola is described by Commane et al. (2023).
Simulated Pitt_2024 ΔCH4 is the mean of 32 ensemble versions of the Pitt High-Resolution Inventory, calculated using varying scaling assumptions for the natural wetland, wastewater, stationary combustion, and natural gas distribution and post-meter sectors (Pitt_2024.aa_bbb_cc_dd). Each Pitt version follows the coding pattern of aa: A1 (ACES 1-state), AL (ACES Local), V5 (Vulcan 5-state), VL (Vulcan Local); bbb: AS1 (ACES 1-state), VS1 (Vulcan 1-state); cc: WC (WetCHARTs with NLCD landcover), S1(SOCCR1 to NWI wetland classes); dd: SN (Sewer National), SS (Sewer State).
Access information
The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) v6.0 CH4 emissions used to create simulated ΔCH4 (EDGAR_2018) are available from https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg60.
The EDGAR v8.0 CH4 emissions used to create simulated ΔCH4 (EDGAR_2022) are available from https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg80.
The EPA GHGI v2023 and EPA GHGI v2023 with Express Extension (EE) CH4 emissions used to create simulated ΔCH4 (GEPA_2018, GEPA_2018_Extension) are available from https://zenodo.org/records/8367082.
The Pitt High-Resolution Inventory CH4 emissions used to create simulated ΔCH4 are available from https://data.nist.gov/od/id/mds2-2915.
Methane observations from the Mineola, Stockholm, a nd Hamdan sites are available from https://data.nist.gov/od/id/mds2-3765.