Effects of a 12-week exercise intervention on primitive reflex retention and social development in children with ASD and ADHD
Data files
Jul 14, 2025 version files 76.38 KB
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PRR_Dryad.xlsx
72.06 KB
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README.md
4.32 KB
Abstract
This dataset provides repeated measures of primitive reflex activity and behavioral characteristics in children, collected to explore the developmental relationships between neurophysiological immaturity and behavioral tendencies such as ADHD traits, conduct issues, and social functioning.
Primitive reflexes—including the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR), Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflexes (STNR, ATNR), Landau, Galant, and Babinski—were assessed across four time points: pre-intervention, and at one, two, and three months post-baseline. Reflex scores were recorded using two systems: a 0–4 scale for degree of persistence or abnormality, and binary (0 = negative, 1 = positive) for simple presence/absence.
Behavioral traits were evaluated using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) and the Conners 3rd Edition (Conners3), capturing dimensions such as inattention, hyperactivity, executive functioning, and oppositional behavior.
This dataset enables longitudinal investigation into how retained primitive reflexes may relate to behavioral regulation and neurodevelopmental profiles in early childhood. It may serve as a valuable resource for clinical researchers, developmental psychologists, and educators working in early intervention and neurodevelopmental assessment.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.dfn2z35d8
Description of the data and file structure
Description
This dataset contains repeated measurements of primitive reflexes and standardized behavioral assessments in children, aimed at investigating the relationship between retained primitive reflexes and behavioral traits such as ADHD, conduct problems, and social responsiveness.
Data were collected at four time points:
- Pre-intervention (baseline)
- 1 month post
- 2 months post
- 3 months post
Each reflex test was scored based on predefined criteria, and behavioral measures were obtained using validated scales.
File: PRR_Dryad.xlsx
Scoring Details
Primitive Reflex Sheets (0–4 scoring):
Reflex Name Description
HD Head Dropping reflex
TLR_Flex, TRL_Ext Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (flexion/extension)
STNR_Flex, STNR_Ext Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (flexion/extension)
ATNR_Quad_L/R, ATNR_Stand_L/R Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (quadruped and standing, left/right)
Finger opposit_L/R Finger opposition reflex
→ Scoring range: 0 (no response) to 4 (strong retention/abnormal pattern)
→ Time points: Pre, 1M, 2M, 3M
Binary-Scored Reflexes (0/1 scoring):
Reflex Name Description
Landau Landau reflex
Galant Galant reflex
Babinski_L/R Babinski reflex (left/right)
→ Score: 0 = Negative (normal), 1 = Positive (abnormal)
→ Time points: Pre, 1M, 2M, 3M
Usage Notes
Each reflex is tested multiple times across a 3-month period.
Missing or invalid data are marked as empty cells or NaN.
Scoring was conducted by trained assessors according to standardized motor testing protocols.
SRS-2 and Conners3 are proprietary scales; scoring and interpretation should follow their manuals.
Citation
If you use this dataset, please cite the original study as follows:
Norikazu Hirose et al. (2025). Effects of a 12-week exercise intervention on primitive reflex retention and social development in children with ASD and ADHD [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dfn2z35d8
Files and variables
File: PRR_Dryad.xlsx
Sheet Name: Description
ID: Participant identifiers and grouping information.
HD, TLR_Flex, TRL_Ext, STNR_Flex, STNR_Ext, ATNR_Quad_L, ATNR_Quad_R, ATNR_Stand_L, ATNR_Stand_R, Finger opposit_L, Finger opposit_R: Primitive reflex test scores for motor patterns. Each sheet includes scores at four time points (Pre, 1M, 2M, 3M). Scoring is on a 0–4 scale, where higher scores indicate greater reflex retention or abnormality.
Landau, Galant, Babinski_L, Babinski_R: Binary-scored reflex tests. Score = 1 indicates Positive (retained or abnormal) reflex, and 0 indicates Negative (integrated or normal).
Recorded at four time points (Pre, 1M, 2M, 3M).
SRS-2: Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition. Includes raw and T-scores across subdomains: Social Awareness, Social Cognition, Social Communication, Social Motivation, and Restricted Interests/Repetitive Behavior.
Conners3: Behavioral scores from Conners 3rd Edition including: Inattention (IN), Hyperactivity (HY), Learning Problems (LP), Executive Functioning (EF), Peer Relations (PI), and Aggression (AG). Also includes:
Contradiction Index
ADHD Index
Syndromic check counts for:
ADHD Inattention
ADHD Hyperactivity
Conduct Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Code/software
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Human subjects data
All data included in this submission have been fully de-identified in accordance with ethical guidelines for human subjects research. Informed consent was obtained from all participants (or their legal guardians) for the collection and public sharing of de-identified data in an open-access repository.
No personally identifiable information (PII) is included in the dataset. Participant names, dates of birth, addresses, school names, and any other direct or indirect identifiers have been removed or anonymized. Each participant has been assigned a numerical ID that is not linked to any external or identifying system.
This process ensures that individual participants cannot be re-identified from the shared dataset. The data comply with Dryad's human subjects data policy and relevant institutional ethical standards.