COSINE-100: Full dataset challenges the annual modulation signal of DAMA/LIBRA
Data files
Jul 08, 2025 version files 422.31 MB
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AmplitudePosterior_erc1-3.csv
89.89 KB
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AmplitudePosterior_erc1-6.csv
84.01 KB
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AmplitudePosterior_erc2-6.csv
91.52 KB
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AmplitudePosterior_irc2-6.csv
91.05 KB
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AmplitudePosterior_nrc2-6.csv
90.39 KB
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AmplitudeSpectrum.csv
11.63 KB
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BackgroundRate_erc1-3.csv
240.70 KB
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BackgroundRate_erc1-6.csv
240.62 KB
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BackgroundRate_erc2-6.csv
240.59 KB
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BackgroundRate_nrc2-6.csv
243.10 KB
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CosineIQF.csv
56.64 KB
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CosineNaQF.csv
57.01 KB
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EventRate_erc1-3.csv
83.73 KB
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EventRate_erc1-6.csv
84.74 KB
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EventRate_erc2-6.csv
84.58 KB
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EventRate_nrc2-6.csv
84.83 KB
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PseudoUnderDama_erc1-3.csv
2.64 KB
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PseudoUnderDama_erc1-6.csv
2.64 KB
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PseudoUnderDama_erc2-6.csv
2.67 KB
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PseudoUnderDama_irc2-6.csv
2.65 KB
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PseudoUnderDama_nrc2-6.csv
2.66 KB
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README.md
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SelectionEfficiency.csv
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TwoDimensionalPosterior_erc1-3_histogram.csv
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TwoDimensionalPosterior_erc1-3_pdf.csv
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TwoDimensionalPosterior_erc1-6_histogram.csv
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TwoDimensionalPosterior_erc1-6_pdf.csv
60.05 MB
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TwoDimensionalPosterior_erc2-6_histogram.csv
45.10 MB
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TwoDimensionalPosterior_erc2-6_pdf.csv
60.05 MB
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TwoDimensionalPosterior_nrc2-6_histogram.csv
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TwoDimensionalPosterior_nrc2-6_pdf.csv
60.05 MB
Abstract
For over 25 years, the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has claimed to observe an annual modulation signal, suggesting the existence of dark matter interactions. However, no experiment employing different target materials has observed a dark matter signal consistent with their result. To address this puzzle, the COSINE-100 collaboration conducted a model-independent test using sodium iodide crystal detectors, the same target material as DAMA/LIBRA. Analyzing data collected over 6.4 years by the effective mass of 61.3 kg, with improved energy calibration and time-dependent background modeling, we found no evidence of an annual modulation signal, challenging the DAMA/LIBRA result with a confidence level greater than 3σ. This finding represents a substantial step toward resolving the long-standing debate surrounding DAMA/LIBRA’s dark matter claim, indicating that the observed modulation is unlikely to be caused by dark matter interactions.
- The data used in the "COSINE-100 Full Dataset Challenges the Annual Modulation Signal of DAMA/LIBRA" paper are available in this folder.
- If you use data in this folder, please cite arXiv:2409.13226.
- The notebooks in
visualizer
folder will help you to read the data and reproduce the plots in the paper. See the Visualizers section for details, especially for the environment. figure
The folder contains the plots drawn by the notebooks invisualizer
a folder, in.pdf
a format. Take a look at it!
Notation
erc
,nrc
, andirc
in the file names indicate the calibration policy adopted.erc
stands forelectron-recoil-compatible
with the DAMA experiment. It adopted the linear calibration pivoted at 60 keV gamma-ray. It is identical to $\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$ in the paper.nrc
stands for(sodium)-nuclear-recoil-compatible
with the DAMA experiment. It calibrates considering the different quenching factors (for Na-recoil) of two experiments, DAMA and COSINE-100. Dividing them by 0.3 gives the energy in $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$ in the paper.irc
stands foriodine-(nuclear)-recoil-compatible
with the DAMA experiment. It calibrates considering the different quenching factors (for I-recoil) of two experiments, DAMA and COSINE-100. Dividing them by 0.09 gives the energy in $\mathrm{keV_{nr,~I}}$ in the paper.- Examples
erc1-3
indicates 1-3 $\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$ (linearly-calibrated energy unit).erc2-6
indicates 2-6 $\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$ (linearly-calibrated energy unit).nrc2-6
indicates 6.7-20 $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$ ($2 \div 0.3$ gives 6.7, $6 \div 0.3$ gives 20). It corresponds to 2-6 keV in the DAMA detectors.irc2-6
indicates 22.2-66.7 $\mathrm{keV_{nr,~I}}$ ($2 \div 0.09$ gives 22.2). It corresponds to 2-6 keV in the DAMA detectors.
- Event rate unit
- For
erc
calibration, the event rates, and modulation amplitudes are represented in the unit of "counts/day/kg/$\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$". It corresponds to the so-called DRU, daily rate unit. - For
nrc
calibration, the event rates, and modulation amplitudes are represented in the unit of "counts/day/kg/units of (3.3 $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$)". The weird constant 3.3 makes the resulting numbers to be identical to the numbers in DRU. - For
irc
calibration, the event rates, and modulation amplitudes are represented in the unit of "counts/day/kg/units of (11 $\mathrm{keV_{nr,I }}$)". The weird constant 11 makes the resulting numbers to be identical to the numbers in DRU.
- For
Data Description
BackgroundRate_<roi>.csv
: best-fit total background event rates in the<roi>
.day_centers
: days after 2016.01.01-00:00.background_crystal#
: the background event rate for the crystal in "counts/day/kg/$\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$" (forerc
calibration) or "counts/day/kg/3.3 $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$" (fornrc
calibration) unit.
EventRate_<roi>.csv
: 15-day-bin event rates of the COSINE-100 full dataset in the<roi>
.day_centers
: days after 2016.01.01-00:00.event_rate_crystal#
: the event rate for the crystal in "counts/day/kg/$\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$" (forerc
calibration) or "counts/day/kg/3.3 $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$" (fornrc
calibration) unit.event_rate_error_crystal#
: the 1$\sigma$ error forevent_rate_crystal#
.
residual_crystal#
:event_rate_crystal#
-background_crystal#
fromBackgroundRate_<roi>.csv
.residual_error_crystal#
: the 1$\sigma$ error forresidual_crystal#
.
mean_residual
: the average residual event rate. Averaged overresidual_crystal#
for all crystals consideringresidual_error_crystal#
.mean_residual_error
: the 1$\sigma$ error formean_residual
.
livetime_efficiency_crystal#
The time efficiency of the crystal collecting good-quality data during the time bin.counts_crystal#
: the number of events collected in the time bin.- Note that not only the
livetime_efficiency
but also the event selection efficiency must be considered to convertcounts
intoevent_rate
.
- Note that not only the
AmplitudePosterior_<roi>.csv
: the phase-fixed annual modulation amplitude posterior distribution obtained through the MCMC technique.amplitude
: the modulation amplitude in "counts/day/kg/$\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$" (forerc
calibration), "counts/day/kg/3.3 $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$" (fornrc
calibration), or "counts/day/kg/11 $\mathrm{keV_{nr,~I}}$" (forirc
calibration) unit.mcmc_samples
: the number of MCMC samples sampled from the COSINE-100 full dataset.
PseudoUnderDama_<roi>.csv
The expected distribution of the best fits under the assumption of DAMA's claim to be true.amplitude_median
: the best-fit obtained from the pseudo-experiments in "counts/day/kg/$\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$" (forerc
calibration), "counts/day/kg/3.3 $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$" (fornrc
calibration), or "counts/day/kg/11 $\mathrm{keV_{nr,~I}}$" (forirc
calibration) unit.pseudo_experiments
: the number of pseudo-experiments yielded theamplitude_median
.
TwoDimensionalPosterior_<roi>_histogram.csv
: the phase-floated annual modulation amplitude and phase posterior distribution obtained through the MCMC technique.amplitude
: the modulation amplitude in "counts/day/kg/$\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$" (forerc
calibration) or "counts/day/kg/3.3 $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$" (fornrc
calibration) unit.phase
The modulation phase in the day unit.mcmc_samples
: the number of MCMC samples sampled from the COSINE-100 full dataset.
TwoDimensionalPosterior_<roi>_pdf.csv
: probability density function ofTwoDimensionalPosterior_<roi>_histogram.csv
, smoothed using Gaussian kernel density estimation.amplitude
: the modulation amplitude in "counts/day/kg/$\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$" (forerc
calibration) or "counts/day/kg/3.3 $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$" (fornrc
calibration) unit.phase
The modulation phase in the day unit.pdf
: the probability density.
AmplitudeSpectrum.csv
The spectrum of the phase-fixed annual modulation amplitude obtained from the COSINE-100 full dataset.energy_min
,energy_max
: minimum/maximum energy for the bin in "counts/day/kg/$\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$" (forerc
calibration) or "counts/day/kg/3.3 $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$" (fornrc
calibration) unit.dama_amplitude
: the modulation amplitudes reported by DAMA/LIBRA.dama_amplitude_error
: corresponding 1$\sigma$ error.
cosine_<calibration>_<coincidence>_amplitude
: the modulation amplitude obtained from the COSINE-100 full dataset<coincidence>
data, with<calibration>
calibration policy.- Example:
cosine_nrc_single_amplitude
: the modulation amplitude obtained from the COSINE-100 full dataset single-hit data, withnrc
calibration policy, in "counts/day/kg/3.3 $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$" unit. cosine_<calibration>_<coincidence>_amplitude_upper/lower_error
: corresponding 1$\sigma$ errors.
- Example:
SelectionEfficiency.csv
: event selection efficiency as a function of energy.energy_kevee_#
: the energy for crystal#
in $\mathrm{keV_{ee}}$ unit.efficiency_#
: the event selection efficiency for crystal#
.efficiency_upper/lower_bound_#
: corresponding 1$\sigma$ credible interval.
CosineNaQF.csv
: the quenching factor for the Na-quenching, measured by the COSINE collaboration.nuclear_recoil_energy
: the original nuclear recoil energy in $\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$ unit.qf
: the quenching factor in %.qf_err
: corresponding 1$\sigma$ error in %.
CosineIQF.csv
: the quenching factor for the I-quenching, measured by the COSINE collaboration.nuclear_recoil_energy
: the original nuclear recoil energy in $\mathrm{keV_{nr,~I}}$ unit.qf
: the quenching factor in %.qf_err
: corresponding 1$\sigma$ error in %.
Appendix: Visualizer
- The Python notebooks helping visualuzation are available at the GitHub repository: https://github.com/CUPCOSINE/PublicData
- Check the
COSINE100-6YearsModulation/visualizer
folder there.