Data from: Herbicide screening and application method development for sustainable weed management in Tagetes erecta L. fields
Data files
Jun 09, 2025 version files 379.54 KB
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growth_of_following_crops_in_experiment_1.csv
13.28 KB
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growth_of_following_crops_in_experiment_2.csv
14.24 KB
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growth_of_following_crops_in_experiment_3.csv
17.93 KB
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growth_of_marigold_in_experiment_1.csv
32.20 KB
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growth_of_marigold_in_experiment_2.csv
25.27 KB
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growth_of_marigold_in_experiment_3.csv
20.82 KB
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lutein_in_experiment_1.csv
569 B
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lutein_in_experiment_2.csv
611 B
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lutein_in_experiment_3.csv
765 B
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meteorological_data_for_experiment_1.csv
75.31 KB
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meteorological_data_for_experiment_2.csv
71.24 KB
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meteorological_data_for_experiment_3.csv
71.34 KB
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README.md
15.70 KB
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weed_control_in_experiment_1.csv
3.50 KB
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weed_control_in_experiment_2.csv
4.36 KB
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weed_control_in_experiment_3.csv
4.47 KB
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yield_of_marigold_in_experiment_1.csv
2.53 KB
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yield_of_marigold_in_experiment_2.csv
2.71 KB
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yield_of_marigold_in_experiment_3.csv
2.71 KB
Abstract
Tagetes erecta L. (marigold), a crop of significant medicinal, ornamental, and economic value, faces severe industrialization challenges due to weed-induced yield losses (up to 60%). This study aims to identify safe and highly efficient herbicides for marigold, assess their effects on dominant weeds and crop safety, and provide a practical basis for large-scale cultivation. We evaluated 11 pre-emergence herbicides, 13 post-emergence herbicides, and agronomic practices (plastic mulch) through three field trials to optimize weed control, crop safety, and productivity. In Experiment 1, pre-emergence applications of pendimethalin (35% SC) and oxyfluorfen (240 g/L EC) under plastic mulch suppressed 85–99% of grass and broad-leaved weeds, elevating marigold yield to 1,655.6 kg/667 m² and increasing lutein content by 10.7% compared to controls, with no phytotoxicity to subsequent wheat or broad beans. Experiment 2 demonstrated that post-cultivation soil treatment with metolachlor · oxyfluorfen · pendimethalin (50% EC) enhanced weed suppression (47.8–53.6%) and yield (3.4% increase) while ensuring crop safety. Experiment 3 revealed that the post-emergence herbicides haloxyfop-P-methyl (108 g/L EC) and fomesafen (250 g/L SL) achieved over 92% reduction in grass weed biomass and over 75% reduction in broadleaf weed density, respectively, alongside a 6.1% yield improvement. Therefore, region-specific strategies are recommended based on local agronomic conditions: high-value production zones should adopt integrated systems combining plastic mulch with pre-emergence herbicides; arid lands with extended crop rotation intervals require pre-emergence herbicides after intertillage and earthing-up; labor-abundant regions can rotate targeted post-emergence herbicides to delay resistance evolution. This study provides data-driven optimization strategies for comprehensive weed management in marigold fields, offering practical solutions to enhance industrial productivity and ecological sustainability.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.fn2z34v66
Description of the data and file structure
At different growth stages of marigolds, we conducted three separate experiments in both two experimental sites. Experiment 1 involved a pre-emergent soil treatment using 11 herbicides. In Experiment 2, soil treatment with 12 herbicides was conducted after intertillage and earthing-up, approximately 45 days after the marigold transplanting. In Experiment 3, a post-emergent treatment was applied using 13 herbicides, approximately 30 days after cultivation and earthing up.
In experiment 1, we measured the efficacy of the number of plants control after 20 days of treatment, in experiment 2 and experiment 3, we conducted two surveys, the first to calculate the efficacy of plants control, and the second to calculate the efficacy of plants control and fresh weight control. Meanwhile, in each survey, we recorded the plant height, stem diameter, and leaf color of marigolds. In one of the experimental sites, we measured the lutein content and yield of marigolds in the three experiments, respectively.
After harvesting the marigolds, we planted wheat and broad beans in the treatment plots of one of the experimental sites. We recorded the seedling emergence rates for both wheat and broad bean seedlings. Additionally, we measured the plant height and fresh weight of the wheat and broad beans.
Files and variables
File: weed_control_in_experiment_1.csv
Description: The control effect of different treatments on weeds in experiment 1
Variables
- experimental site: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- treatments: Including 11 herbicides
- plot: Each treatment had three plots
- number of gramineous weeds: The number of gramineous weeds in each plot after treatment
- fresh weight of gramineous weeds (g): The fresh weight of gramineous weeds in each plot after treatment
- number of broad-leaved weeds: The number of broad-leaved weeds in each plot after treatment
- fresh weight of Broad-leaveds weeds (g): The fresh weight of broad-leaved weeds in each plot after treatment
File: weed_control_in_experiment_2.csv
Description: The control effect of different treatments on weeds in experiment 2
Variables
- experimental site for controlling gramineous: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- treatments for controlling gramineous weeds: Including 12 herbicides
- plots for controlling gramineous: Each treatment had three plots
- number of gramineous weeds in 15 DAT: The first survey for number of gramineous weeds
- number of gramineous weeds in 30 DAT: The second survey for number of gramineous weeds
- fresh weight of gramineous weeds (g) in 30 DAT: The second survey for fresh weight of gramineous weeds
- experimental site for controlling broad-leaved weeds: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- treatments for controlling broad-leaved weeds: Including 12 herbicides
- plots for controlling broad-leaved weeds: Each treatment had three plots
- number of broad-leaved weeds in 15 DAT: The first survey for number of broad-leaved weeds
- number of broad-leaved weeds in 30 DAT: The second survey for number of broad-leaved weeds
- fresh weight of broad-leaved weeds (g) in 30 DAT: The second survey for fresh weight of broad-leaved weeds
File: weed_control_in_experiment_3.csv
Description: The control effect of different treatments on weeds in experiment 3
Variables
- experimental site: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- treatments: Including 13 herbicides
- plot: Each treatment had three plots
- number of gramineous weeds in 15 DAT: The first survey for number of gramineous weeds
- number of gramineous weeds in 30 DAT: The second survey for number of gramineous weeds
- fresh weight of gramineous weeds (g) in 30 DAT: The second survey for fresh weight of gramineous weeds
- number of broad-leaved weeds in 15 DAT: The first survey for number of broad-leaved weeds
- number of broad-leaved weeds in 30 DAT: The second survey for number of broad-leaved weeds
- fresh weight of broad-leaved weeds (g) in 30 DAT: The second survey for fresh weight of broad-leaved weeds
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File: growth_of_marigold_in_experiment_1.csv
Description: Measurement of two growth indicators of marigold after different treatments in experiment 1Variables
- Experimental Site for First Survey: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- Treatments for First Survey: Including 11 herbicides
- Plots for First Survey: Each treatment including 12 plots
- Height (cm) for First Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Stem diameter (mm) for First Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Colour for First Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Experimental Site for Second Survey: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- Treatments for Second Survey: Including 11 herbicides
- Plots for Second Survey: Each treatment including 9 plots
- Height (cm) for Second Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Stem diameter (mm) for Second Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Colour for Second Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- “null” in some cells indicates missing values
File: growth_of_marigold_in_experiment_2.csv
Description: Measurement of two growth indicators of marigold after different treatments in experiment 2Variables
- Experimental Site for First Survey: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- Treatments for First Survey: Including 12 herbicides
- Plots for First Survey: Each treatmen had 12 plots
- Height (cm) for First Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Stem diameter (mm) for First Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Colour for First Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Experimental Site for Second Survey: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- Treatments for Second Survey: Including 12 herbicides
- Plots for Second Survey: Each treatment had 9 plots
- Height (cm) for Second Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Stem diameter (mm) for Second Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Colour for Second Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- “null” in some cells indicates missing values
File: growth_of_marigold_in_experiment_3.csv
Description: Measurement of two growth indicators of marigold after different treatments in experiment 3Variables
- Experimental Site: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- Treatments: Including 13 herbicides
- Plots: Each treatmen had 9 plots
- Height (cm) for First Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Stem diameter (mm) for First Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Colour for First Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Height (cm) for Second Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Stem diameter (mm) for Second Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- Colour for Second Survey: The growth indicator of marigold
- “null” in some cells indicates missing values
File: lutein_in_experiment_1.csv
Description: The effect of different treatments on the content of lutein in marigold in experiment 1Variables
- treatment: Including 11 herbicides
- lutein content (g/kg): Lutein content of marigold
- water content %: Water content of marigold
File: lutein_in_experiment_2.csv
Description: The effect of different treatments on the content of lutein in marigold in experiment 2Variables
- treatment: Including 12 herbicides
- lutein content (g/kg): Lutein content of marigold
- water content %: Water content of marigold
File: lutein_in_experiment_3.csv
Description: The effect of different treatments on the content of lutein in marigold in experiment 3Variables
- treatment: Including 13 herbicides
- lutein content (g/kg): Lutein content of marigold
- water content %: Water content of marigold
File: yield_of_marigold_in_experiment_1.csv
Description: The yield of marigold in experiment 1
Variables
- treatments: Including 11 herbicides
- plot: Each treatment had three plots
- Flowers of Three Plants: The number of flowers of three marigold
- Flowers of Per Plant: The number of flowers of per marigold
- Weight of Three Plants: The weight of flowers of three marigold
- Weight of Per Plant: The weight of flowers of per marigold
- Yield (kg/667m2): The yield of marigold
File: yield_of_marigold_in_experiment_2.csv
Description: The yield of marigold in experiment 2
Variables
- treatments: Including 12 herbicides
- plot: Each treatment had three plots
- Flowers of Two Plants: The number of flowers of two marigold
- Flowers of Per Plant: The number of flowers of per marigold
- Weight of Two Plants: The weight of flowers of two marigold
- Weight of Per Plant: The weight of flowers of per marigold
- Yield (kg/667m2): The yield of marigold
File: yield_of_marigold_in_experiment_3.csv
Description: The yield of marigold in experiment 3
Variables
- treatments: Including 13 herbicides
- plot: Each treatment had three plots
- Flowers of Three Plants: The number of flowers of three marigold
- Flowers of Per Plant: The number of flowers of per marigold
- Weight of Three Plants: The weight of flowers of three marigold
- Weight of Per Plant: The weight of flowers of per marigold
- Yield (kg/667m2): The yield of marigold
File: growth_of_following_crops_in_experiment_1.csv
Description: Measurement of two growth indicators of following crops after different treatments in experiment 1
Variables
- Treatments for Seedling Emergence: Including 11 herbicides
- Plots for Seedling Emergence: Each treatment had three plots
- Number of Wheat Seedling Emergence: The number of wheat seedlings
- Number of Broad bean Seedling Emergence: The number of broad bean seedlings
- Seedling Emergence Rate (%) of Wheat: The seedling emergence rate of wheat
- Seedling Emergence Rate (%) of Broad bean: The seedling emergence rate of broad bean
- Treatments for Heigh of Wheat: Including 11 herbicides
- Plots for Height of Wheat: Each treatment had 12 plots
- Plant Height (cm) of Wheat: The height of wheat
- Treatments for height of Broad bean: Including 11 herbicides
- Plot for height of Broad bean: Each treatment had 9 plots
- Plant Height (cm) of Broad bean: The height of broad bean
- Treatments for Fresh weight: Including 11 herbicides
- Plots for Fresh weight: Each treatment had three plots
- Fresh weight (g) of Four Wheat: The fresh weight of four wheat
- Fresh weight (g) of Three Broad bean: The fresh weight of three broad bean
- Fresh weight (g) of Per Wheat: The fresh weight of per wheat
- Fresh weight (g) of Per Broad bean: The fresh weight of per broad bean
- “null” in some cells indicates missing values
File: growth_of_following_crops_in_experiment_2.csv
Description: Measurement of two growth indicators of following crops after different treatments in experiment 2
Variables
- Treatments for Seedling Emergence: Including 12 herbicides
- Plots for Seedling Emergence: Each treatment had three plots
- Number of Wheat Seedling Emergence: The number of wheat seedlings
- Number of Broad bean Seedling Emergence: The number of broad bean seedlings
- Seedling Emergence Rate (%) of Wheat: The seedling emergence rate of wheat
- Seedling Emergence Rate (%) of Broad bean: The seedling emergence rate of broad bean
- Treatments for Height of Wheat: Including 12 herbicides
- Plots for Height of Wheat: Each treatment had 12 plots
- Plant Height (cm) of Wheat: The height of wheat
- Treatments for height of Broad bean: Including 12 herbicides
- Plot for height of Broad bean: Each treatment had 9 plots
- Plant Height (cm) of Broad bean: The height of broad bean
- Treatments for Fresh weight: Including 12 herbicides
- Plots for Fresh weight: Each treatment had three plots
- Fresh weight (g) of Four Wheat: The fresh weight of four wheat
- Fresh weight (g) of Three Broad bean: The fresh weight of three broad bean
- Fresh weight (g) of Per Wheat: The fresh weight of per wheat
- Fresh weight (g) of Per Broad bean: The fresh weight of per broad bean
- “null” in some cells indicates missing values
File: growth_of_following_crops_in_experiment_3.csv
Description: Measurement of two growth indicators of following crops after different treatments in experiment 3
Variables
- Treatments for Seedling Emergence: Including 13 herbicides
- Plots for Seedling Emergence: Each treatment had three plots
- Number of Wheat Seedling Emergence: The number of wheat seedlings
- Number of Broad bean Seedling Emergence: The number of broad bean seedlings
- Seedling Emergence Rate (%) of Wheat: The seedling emergence rate of wheat
- Seedling Emergence Rate (%) of Broad bean: The seedling emergence rate of broad bean
- Treatments for Height of Wheat: Including 13 herbicides
- Plots for Height of Wheat: Each treatment had 12 plots
- Plant Height (cm) of Wheat: The height of wheat
- Treatments for heigh of Broad bean: Including 13 herbicides
- Plot for height of Broad bean: Each treatment had 9 plots
- Plant Height (cm) of Broad bean: The height of broad bean
- Treatments for Fresh weight: Including 13 herbicides
- Plots for Fresh weight: Each treatment had three plots
- Fresh weight (g) of Four Wheat: The fresh weight of four wheat
- Fresh weight (g) of Three Broad bean: The fresh weight of three broad bean
- Fresh weight (g) of Per Wheat: The fresh weight of per wheat
- Fresh weight (g) of Per Broad bean: The fresh weight of per broad bean
- “null” in some cells indicates missing values
File: meteorological_data_for_experiment_1.csv
Description: The meteorological data in experiment 1
Variables
- Experimental site: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- Date: The time period during experimental operation
- Time: The specific time point
- Air Temperature (degree C): The air temperature
- Humidity (%): The air humidity
- Precipitation (mm/h): The precipitation
- Wind Direction: The wind direction
File: meteorological_data_for_experiment_2.csv
Description: The meteorological data in experiment 2
Variables
- Experimental site: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- Date: The time period during experimental operation
- Time: The specific time point
- Air Temperature (degree C): The air temperature
- Humidity (%): The air humidity
- Precipitation (mm/h): The precipitation
File: meteorological_data_for_experiment_3.csv
Description: The meteorological data in experiment 3
Variables
- Experimental site: Including the two experimental sites of Lingjiao and Deze
- Date: The time period during experimental operation
- Time: The specific time point
- Air Temperature (degree C): The air temperature
- Humidity (%): The air humidity
- Precipitation (mm/h): The precipitation
Access information
Other publicly accessible locations of the data:
- None
Data was derived from the following sources:
- None