The surface of Bacillus megaterium was modified by coating sodium alginate. The modified Bacillus megaterium before and after adsorption were characterized by SEM, FTIR and XPS. The effects of pH, reaction time, initial U(VI) concentration and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of U(VI) by the modified Bacillus megaterium were studied by batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption process was studied by pseudo-first-order kinetics and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of U(VI) was 74.61 mg/g under the conditions of pH 5.0, adsorbent 0.2 g/L, 30 ℃ and initial U(VI) concentration of 15 mg/L. The adsorption process accords with pseudo-first-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacity of U(VI) by the modified Bacillus megaterium was still higher than 80% after 5 times of desorption and reuse experiments. In conclusion, the sodium alginate modified Bacillus megaterium was an ideal material for U(VI) biosorption.