Data from: Heatwaves decrease fitness and alter maternal provisioning in natural populations of Mimulus guttatus
Data files
Jul 17, 2025 version files 182.50 KB
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filea_survivorship.csv
7.08 KB
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fileb_seeds.csv
85.52 KB
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filec_fitness.csv
82.87 KB
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README.md
7.03 KB
Abstract
Premise of study: The increasing frequency and severity of heatwaves and droughts occurring across the globe is well known. However, there are few longitudinal studies tracking demographic change and fitness within natural populations, and fewer still that span multiple extreme events. Determining how organisms tolerate, respond, and potentially adapt to extreme events is key for assessing long-term population viability. Methods: We examine how mortality, fecundity, seed provisioning, and offspring germination differ across 12 populations of annual common monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) over a five-year span. Key Results: Two heatwaves occurred within the study: a 2019 heatwave occurring within the first 10 days of the growing season, and a 2021 heat dome event occurring nearly a month into the growing season. Mortality was high and fecundity decreased in a population-specific manner due to both heatwaves. However, the 2021 heat dome caused declines of 34.5% in seed size and 22.1% in the ability to germinate, while the 2019 heatwave did not. Structural equation models indicate that similar climatic factors including early season maximum temperatures and late season precipitation are associated both with declines in fecundity and slower germination. Conclusions: These results suggest that the consequences of heatwaves will depend on the relative severity and timing of the heatwave in the growing season, and further suggest that this timing may have amplified longer-term impacts as offspring have lower provisioning. Specifically, with growing seasons shifting earlier into the spring, later or slower germination could exacerbate population extirpation risk.
This README file contains information for three separate data files included in this repository:
- fileA - A survivorship dataset
- fileB - A seed germination and seed mass dataset
- filec - A fecundity dataset
fileA: Survivorship dataset for 'Heatwaves decrease fitness and alter maternal provisioning in natural populations of Mimulus guttatus'
This is a comma delimited file (.csv) which contains survivorship information from 12 populations of common monkeyflowers (Mimulus guttatus) in the central Oregon Cascades during heatwave periods in 2019 and 2021. Full methods are available in the associated manuscript (Kooyers et al. 2025). Briefly, this data is derived from surveys of alive individuals within two 0.25m2 quadrats per population during the 2019 and 2021 growing seasons. This dataset was collected by Laura McDonald and Anna Schranagl in 2019 and by Benjamin LeBlanc and Simon Innes in 2021.
Description of the Data and file structure
Each row of this spreadsheet represents data from a single quadrat during a single growing season except for the first row header. Missing data are coded as '999'
Questions? Please contact Nic Kooyers (nkooyers@gmail.com).
Format (Column -- Variable -- Description)
- Column A -- HeatwavePeriod -- The Julian dates of the heatwave period in question. For instance, 2019 refers to the dates of the early season heatwave period in 2019.
- Column B -- Year -- The year which survivorship is being assessed (2019 or 2021) during the particular Julian dates where each heatwave occurred.
- Column C -- Pop -- The population where survivorship is being assessed.
- Column D -- Plot -- The particular quadrat within each population were survivorship is being assessed.
- Column E -- UniqID -- A unique ID consisting of the information from Columns B, C, and D.
- Column F -- DayDiff -- The number of days between the first and last surveys on either side of the the Julian dates in question.
- Column H -- PropAliveDiff -- The difference in the proportion of individuals alive between first and last surveys. A negative number indicates a decline in individuals between the first and last surveys.
- Column I -- PropFlowedDiff -- The difference in the proportion of individuals flowering between first and last surveys. A negative number indicates less individuals are flowering between the first and last surveys.
- Column J -- VWCdiff -- The difference in average volumetric water content across the quadrat between the first and last survey.
- Column K -- Aliverate -- The per day rate of change in survivorship. Calculated by dividing Column H by Column F.
- Column L -- Floweredrate -- The per day rate of change in flowering individuals. Calculated by dividing Column I by Column F.
- Column M -- VWCrate -- The per day rate of change in volumetric water content within a quadrat. Calculated by dividing Column J by Column F.
fileB: Seed Mass and Seed Germination dataset for 'Heatwaves decrease fitness and alter maternal provisioning in natural populations of Mimulus guttatus'
This is a comma delimited file (.csv) which contains seed mass and seed germination information for plants collected yearly from 2018-2022 for 12 populations of common monkeyflowers (Mimulus guttatus) in the central Oregon Cascades. Full methods are available in the associated manuscript (Kooyers et al.
2025). Briefly, plants were collected by running two transects across each population at uniform distances along the transect (distances differed between years). Each plant collected was considered a single maternal line. For a subset of our original collections, we weighted ~30 seeds to get an average mass per seed. We attempted to germinate a number of seeds per line in growth shelving. We report germination success as the proportion of seeds germinating for a given maternal line by day five or whether seeds were able to germinate for a particular maternal line. Seed germination experiments were preformed by Andrea Turcu, Courtney Patterson, and Donna Hinrichs.
Description of the Data and file structure
Each row of this spreadsheet represents fitness data from a single maternal line. Missing data is coded as '999'.
Questions? Please contact Nic Kooyers (nkooyers@gmail.com).
Format (Column -- Variable -- Description)
- Column A -- UniqID -- A unique ID for each maternal line.
- Column B -- Pop -- The population where the plant was collected.
- Column C -- Year -- The year the plant was collected.
- Column D -- Line -- An identifier of the maternal line within a particular year and population.
- Column E -- Aveseedmass -- Average seed mass (in mg) for a single seed. Calculated as an average of ~30 seeds per line.
- Column F -- PbyD5 -- The proportion of seeds germinated by day 5 of the germination trial.
- Column G-- HadGerm -- Whether any seeds germinated from a given maternal line. Maternal lines with a value of 1 had germination, while maternal lines with value of 0 had no germination.
- Column H -- NSeeds -- The number of seeds counted for a given plant (maternal line) from all fruits collected in the field.
fileC: Longitudinal fecundity dataset for 'Heatwaves decrease fitness and alter maternal provisioning in natural populations of Mimulus guttatus'
This is a comma delimited file (.csv) which contains fitness data collected yearly from 2018-2022 for 12 populations of common monkeyflowers (Mimulus guttatus) in the central Oregon Cascades. Full methods are available in the associated manuscript (Kooyers et al. 2025). Briefly, this data was collected by running two transects across each population and assessing fitness for plants closest to the tape at uniform distances along the transect (distances differed between years). For each plant, we assessed plant height, number of flowers, and number of seeds. This data was collected by Nic Kooyers in 2018, Andrea Turcu and Nic Kooyers in 2019 and 2020, Simon Innes and Benjamin LeBlanc in 2021, and Simon Innes, Donna Hinrichs and Stacy Holt in 2022.
Description of the Data and file structure
Each row of this spreadsheet represents fitness data from a single individual. Missing data is coded as '999'.
Questions? Please contact Nic Kooyers (nkooyers@gmail.com).
Format (Column -- Variable -- Description)
- Column A -- Year -- The year the plant was collected.
- Column B -- Pop -- The population where the plant was collected.
- Column C -- Transect -- The transect within population where the plant was collected (1 or 2).
- Column D -- Distance -- The distance (in cm) along the transect where the plant was collected.
- Column E -- Nflowers -- The number of flowers on a given plant. Assessed by number of calyxes present.
- Column F -- NSeeds -- The number of seeds counted for a given plant from all collected fruits.