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Genomic data reveals mixed support for the current subspecies designations in Eastern Screech-Owls (Megascops asio)

Rao, Mei1; Butcher, Bronwyn1; Robinson, Bryce1; Lovette, Irby1; Walsh, Jennifer1

Published Jan 14, 2026 on Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.g4f4qrg33

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Abstract

The Eastern Screech-Owl is a non-migratory resident forest owl that occurs across a broad distribution throughout much of eastern and central North America with five subspecies generally recognized across the range. Using reduced representation sequencing, we found that genetic differentiation among populations was generally low, with only two clear genetic clusters supporting that M. a. mccallii is distinct. Beyond these two main groups, we found subtle genetic clustering roughly corresponding to geographic region and the currently recognized subspecies, suggesting mixed support for current subspecies designations. To address these questions, we analyzed 228 individuals representing all five recognized subspecies at 8,220 SNPs using standard population genetic approaches. In addition to the subtle populations structuring noted above, the genetically identified subpopulations also varied in estimated effective population sizes and metrics of genetic diversity. We also detected a weak, but significant, signal of Isolation by Distance across the range, suggesting clinal patterns of genetic variation across this broadly distributed species. The genetic population structure we uncovered broadens our understanding of subspecies-level taxonomic classification in this species and may be useful for effective conservation management if it becomes necessary.