High-impulse and reactant-regenerative combustion-based micro actuators
Data files
Oct 01, 2026 version files 2.60 MB
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controller.zip
3.59 KB
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model.nb
2.60 MB
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README.md
1.18 KB
Abstract
The use of combustibles in micro-actuator technologies enables powerful impulsive actuation capabilities comparable to those of natural organisms. However, the exogenous dependence of fuel limits the development of combustion-based actuators. We present a closed-cycle reactant regeneration strategy wherein the bi-directional inter-conversion between hydrogen and water achieves real-time fuel replenishment for reactant-regenerative electrolysis and combustion reactions. Based on this, we develop a 1.5 centimeters actuator that generates forces above 20 newtons and operates continuously for >7,200 cycles without refueling (a two-orders-of-magnitude improvement over existing combustion-based actuators). Experiments confirm its strength and cross-environment versatility for removing obstacles, jetting, and striking via underwater cavitation. These features enable the actuator to be integrated into small robotic platforms, allowing them to reconfigure local surroundings in an active manner.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.gb5mkkx57
Description of the data and file structure
The experimental efforts aim to construct a self-sustainable combustion-based actuator based on water electrolysis and hydrogen ignition.The data here demonstrate two aspects:
- To generate theoretical prediction of the actuation performance.
- To achieve untethered operation of the micro actuator.
Files and variables
File: model.nb
Description: The nb file contains the mathematical model for predicting the output performance and thermal behavior of the micro actuator.
File: controller.zip
Description: The ZIP file contains the code for controling the electrolysis time and ignition of the micro actuator based on the untethered powering circuit.
Code/software
To run the model.nb file, you need to download the Wolfram Mathematica software (version 11.3 or higher).
To run the codes in the controller.zip file, you need to download Arduino IDE (version 2.3.6 or higher). The codes are developed based on a ESP32-S3 SoC.
