Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.h9w0vt4xv

Description of the data and file structure

The morphological data were obtained from male specimens of Erebia euryale and E. ligea collected in the Southern Dolomites, with the aim of evaluating the extent of morphological differentiation between the genetic groups identified within each species.

The data have been obtained by examining the specimens in a random order and blindly with respect to both the sampling locality and the genetic group.

Wing characters were evaluated by a single researcher by examining the wings, and measurements were performed with a ruler under a stereomicroscope. Characters on the copulatory structures were evaluated by another researcher on photographs of the structures taken after their dissection with KOH, by using a camera mounted on a stereomicroscope.

The script here published includes the code used to perform a Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling, a PERMANOVA on the Gower's distances and pairwise post-hoc PERMANOVA tests; these analyses were carried out jointly with all characters and separately for wings and copulatory structures.

All the analyses were performed using R version 4.3.1, with the R packages vegan (v. 2.6) and pairwiseAdonis (v. 0.4.1).

Methods are described with greater detail in the article with DOI: 10.1002/ece3.74153

Files and variables

File: morphology_erebia_dataset.tsv

Description: 

Variables

• specimenID: the identification code of the specimen
• group: genetic group assignment based on population structure analyses
• AWL: length of vein III3 of anterior wing, from its origin to the intersection with the margin of the anterior wing [mm; empty: character not evaluated]
• AP: presence of a distinguishable patch of androconial scales on the dorsal side of the anterior wing [0/1, with 1 = present; empty: character not evaluated]
• RDAPAS: shape and extent of red in the postdiscal area of the dorsal side of the anterior wings [0-5, with 0 = absent; empty: character not evaluated]
• DAOP: presence of at least 1 white scale at the center of an ocellus on the dorsal side of the anterior wings [0/1, with 1 = present; empty: character not evaluated]
• DPOP: presence of at least 1 white scale at the center of an ocellus on the dorsal side of the posterior wings [0/1, with 1 = present; empty: character not evaluated]
• DOS: the longest cord of the biggest ocellus (considering the border of the black part of the ocellus) on the dorsal side of the posterior wing [mm; empty: character not evaluated]
• RDPPAS: shape and extent of red in the postdiscal area of the dorsal side of the posterior wings [0-3, with 0 = absent; empty: character not evaluated]
• RVAPAS: shape and extent of red in the postdiscal area of the ventral side of the anterior wings [0-3, with 0 = absent; empty: character not evaluated]
• VAOP: presence of at least 1 white scale at the center of an ocellus on the ventral side of the anterior wings [0/1, with 1 = present; empty: character not evaluated]
• BPT: whether the colour changes abruptly between basal and postdiscal areas on the ventral side of the anterior wings [0/1, with 1 = abrupt change; empty: character not evaluated]
• WPS: shape of the white patch on the proximal margin of the postdiscal area on the ventral side of the posterior wings [0-3, with 0 = absent; empty: character not evaluated]
• VNO: number of ocelli (defined as at least three black scales where ocelli are usually present) on the ventral side of the posterior wings [count; empty: character not evaluated]
• PDS: longitudinal length of the light patch in the middle of M3, on the ventral side of the posterior wings [mm; empty: character not evaluated]
• VOS: the longest cord of the ocellus in M3 (considering the border of the black part of the ocellus) on the ventral side of the posterior wings [mm; empty: character not evaluated]
• VOD: distance between distal margin of the light patch and the center of the ocellus in M3, on the ventral side of the posterior wings [mm; empty: character not evaluated]
• BR: presence of a brown-red ring at least partially surrounding at least one ocellus, on the ventral side of the posterior wings [0/1, with 1 = present; empty: character not evaluated]
• UML: distance between the tip of the uncus and the notch between uncus and brachia [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• UC: maximum distance of the uncus ventral margin from the line connecting the tip of the uncus and the notch between uncus and brachia [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• UMH: width of uncus measured along the perpendicular to the line connecting the tip of the uncus and the notch between uncus and brachia, at its mid-point [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• BL: distance between the tip of the right brachium and the notch between uncus and brachia [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• BH: width of right brachium measured along the perpendicular to the line connecting the tip of the right brachium and the notch between uncus and brachia, at its mid-point [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• VTML: length of the longest tooth along the posterior border of tooth [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• VML: distance between the most anterior and the most posterior tips of the valve [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• VMAW: width of the valve measured along the perpendicular to the line connecting the anterior and posterior tips of the valve, at 1/3 of the length from the anterior tip [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• VMPW: width of the valve measured along the perpendicular line connecting the anterior and posterior tips of the valve, at mid-point between the posterior tip and the perpendicular projection of the most projecting point of the shoulder [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• SW: distance between the two points, along the dorsal border of the valve, that have the maximum curvature and are the closest to maximum projection of the shoulder, one anterior and the other posterior to the shoulder [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• SH: maximum distance between dorsal border of the shoulder (excluding teeth) and the line tangent to the dorsal border of the valve both anteriorly and posteriorly with respect to the shoulder [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• FTAP: distance, along the line connecting the anterior and posterior tips of the valve, between the anterior tip of the valve and the perpendicular projection of the tip of the most anterior tooth on the line [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• STAP: distance, along the line connecting the anterior and posterior tips of the valve, between the anterior tip of the valve and the perpendicular projection of the tip of the second most anterior tooth on the line [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• TTAP: distance, along the line connecting the anterior and posterior tips of the valve, between the anterior tip of the valve and the perpendicular projection of the tip of the third most anterior tooth on the line [μm; empty: character not evaluated]
• VTR: arrangement of the teeth along the dorsal border of valve [0-2, with 0 = teeth not in rosettes; empty: character not evaluated]

File: morphology_erebia_script.R

Description: R script for the analyses of morphological data presented in the article with DOI: 10.1002/ece3.74153