Data from: Persistence of the ecological niche in pond damselflies underlies a stable adaptive zone despite varying selection
Data files
Apr 17, 2025 version files 1.99 GB
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CommunitySampling_2018.csv
351.35 KB
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CommunitySampling_2019.csv
335.73 KB
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CommunitySampling_2020.csv
595.62 KB
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CommunitySampling_2021.csv
1.01 MB
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Data_LMRenamed.csv
9.95 MB
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Data.csv
9.95 MB
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DataPC_sorted_locale_fixed.csv
11.77 MB
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Enallagma2021.zip
856.53 MB
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Figure_S2.R
7.92 KB
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Is_updated.csv
8.40 KB
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Ischnura2020.zip
685.55 MB
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Ischnura2021.zip
383.55 MB
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JEB__1_Data_Preparation_FINAL.R
16.78 KB
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JEB__2_Global_Comparisons_FINAL.R
28.89 KB
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JEB__3_Population_Comparisons_FINAL.R
22.08 KB
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JEB__4_prereq_OppSel_FINAL.R
6.91 KB
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JEB__4_Selection_and_ecology_FINAL.R
34.44 KB
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JEB__5_OtherFigures_FINAL.R
28.75 KB
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README.md
13.08 KB
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TrainingSetImages.zip
31.48 MB
Abstract
Following the development of regression-based methods to estimate natural and sexual selection, evolutionary biologists have quantified the strength, mode, and direction of selection in natural populations. Although this approach has been successful, its limitations include the lack of replication across species, which compromises the generality of the inferences beyond microevolutionary time scales. Here, we carried out a comparative study of selection on wing shape and body size across multiple populations of two closely related pond damselflies: Enallagma cyathigerum and Ischnura elegans (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). We found weak stabilizing selection on wing shape in both sexes, and no evidence that selection on this trait differed between the species. In contrast, the selection of body size was curvilinear in males and directional in females, with differences in form (males) and intensity (females) between the species. By analyzing selection in each local pond, we found that selection on male body size was shaped by various population characteristics that reflect local mating systems.
Furthermore, the relationship between mating system characteristics and directional selection was remarkably consistent across these species. Finally, we present a graphical model that links contemporary selection with macroevolution. Based on this model, we conclude that the persistence of ecological modes of life in pond damselflies explains why varying selection in nature may still result in a stable adaptive zone lasting millions of years.
Authors
Anjali Gupta, Erik I. Svensson, Henrik Frietsch and Masahito Tsuboi
Contact
Description
This data package contains morphological and ecological data of two pond damselfly species, Ischnura elegans and Enallagma cyathigerum, from southern Sweden. Data were obtained by the authors. Code was written by Anjali Gupta and Masahito Tsuboi.
Data Files
Data is available in
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Is_updated.csv: Data file for opportunity of sexual selection and male mating success - derived from community sampling from 2018-2021. Units are specified in the main text. A description to each column in the data can be found below -
Species: Ischnura elegans / Enallagma cyathigerum,
Locale: Location site of specimen collected,
MaleMatingSuccess: mean proportion of male (belonging to one species) mating at a particular locale in one field season
Is: opportunity for sexual selection ( variance in male mating success / ((average male mating success)^2) )
Year: Year/Field season of specimen collection
n: frequency
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DataPC_sorted_locale_fixed.csv: Data file for wing shape and body size PC components with intuitive locale names to evaluate selection gradients. Units are specified in the main text. A description to each column in the data can be found below -
Ind_ID: Unique ID for each specimen,
Season_ID: ID for each specimen for a particular field season,
Genus, Genus_, Species: Genus and species name for the specimen,
Date: Date of specimen collection,
Locale: Location site of specimen collected,
Cop_ID: ID for individuals caught in a couple (the male and female caught in a couple get the same ID), NA for individuals that are caught not mating,
Sex: Male/Female,
Age: Mature/Immature based on age at the time of specimen collection,
Copula_, Copula: Single (0)/ Couple (1) - based on whether the individual caught non-mating / mating,
Thor_col: Thorax color, NA if not scored,
Col_phase: NA for this dataset,
Parasite: Number of mites on the body of the specimen when captured,
Morph: Female color morph type, NA for males,
Wing: Wing length of the specimen,
Thorax: Thorax length of the specimen,
Length: Total body length of the specimen,
Abdomen: Abdomen length of the specimen,
S_4: S4 segment / abdomenal width of the specimen,
Eggs: No of eggs laid by a female caught in a couple (NA for males and single-caught females)
Season: Year of field season
WingSide: Right/left wing specimen
WingID: Forewing/ Hindwing
X0,Y0 - X16,Y16: X and Y coordinates of the 17 landmarks on wing
GPA COORDS NEXT: NA for this data
X.1,Y.1 - X.17,Y.17: Generalized Procrustes analysis transformed X and Y coordinates of the 17 landmarks on wing
MatingSuccess: mean proportion of male (belonging to one species) mating at a particular locale in one field season
Fecundity: mean-standardized eggs laid by a female, NA for males and single-caught females
LD1: Component values of major axis - LD1 from linear discriminant function analysis on wing shape
PC1_shape - PC5_shape: Component values of PC1-PC5 axes from principal component analysis on wing shape
PC1size - PC2_size: Component values of PC1-PC2 axes from principal component analysis on body size
PC1_shape2 - PC5_shape2: Squared values of PC1_shape - PC5_shape
PC1size2 - PC2_size2: Squared values of PC1size - PC2_size
LD12: Squared values of LD1
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Data_LMRenamed.csv: Data file for repeated measurements of same specimens to evaluate repeatability. Units are pixels. A description to each column in the data can be found below -
Season_ID: ID for each specimen for a particular field season,
Genus, Species: Genus and species name for the specimen,
Date: Date of specimen collection,
Locale: Location site of specimen collected,
Cop_ID: ID for individuals caught in a couple (the male and female caught in a couple get the same ID), NA for individuals that are caught not mating,
Sex: Male/Female,
Age: Mature/Immature based on age at the time of specimen collection,
Copula_, Copula: Single (0)/ Couple (1) - based on whether the individual caught non-mating / mating,
Thor_col: Thorax color, NA if not scored,
Col_phase: NA for this dataset,
Parasite: Number of mites on the body of the specimen when captured,
Morph: Female color morph type, NA for males,
Wing: Wing length of the specimen,
Thorax: Thorax length of the specimen,
Length: Total body length of the specimen,
Abdomen: Abdomen length of the specimen,
S_4: S4 segment / abdomenal width of the specimen,
Eggs: No of eggs laid by a female caught in a couple (NA for males and single-caught females)
Season: Year of field season
WingSide: Right/left wing specimen
WingID: Forewing/ Hindwing
X0,Y0 - X16,Y16: X and Y coordinates of the 17 landmarks on wing
GPA COORDS NEXT: NA for this data
X.1,Y.1 - X.17,Y.17: Generalized Procrustes analysis transformed X and Y coordinates of the 17 landmarks on wing
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Data.csv: Raw data for all specimens of Ischnura and Enallagma focused sampling. All data used for the presented analyses are in data file #2. This is for archiving purpose only. A description to each column in the data can be found below -
Season_ID: ID for each specimen for a particular field season,
Genus, Species: Genus and species name for the specimen,
Date: Date of specimen collection,
Locale: Location site of specimen collected,
Cop_ID: ID for individuals caught in a couple (the male and female caught in a couple get the same ID), NA for individuals that are caught not mating,
Sex: Male/Female,
Age: Mature/Immature based on age at the time of specimen collection,
Copula_, Copula: Single (0)/ Couple (1) - based on whether the individual caught non-mating / mating,
Thor_col: Thorax color, NA if not scored,
Col_phase: NA for this dataset,
Parasite: Number of mites on the body of the specimen when captured,
Morph: Female color morph type, NA for males,
Wing: Wing length of the specimen,
Thorax: Thorax length of the specimen,
Length: Total body length of the specimen,
Abdomen: Abdomen length of the specimen,
S_4: S4 segment / abdomenal width of the specimen,
Eggs: No of eggs laid by a female caught in a couple (NA for males and single-caught females)
Season: Year of field season
WingSide: Right/left wing specimen
WingID: Forewing/ Hindwing
X0,Y0 - X16,Y16: X and Y coordinates of the 17 landmarks on wing
GPA COORDS NEXT: NA for this data
X.1,Y.1 - X.17,Y.17: Generalized Procrustes analysis transformed X and Y coordinates of the 17 landmarks on wing
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CommunitySampling_2018.csv: Raw data for Odonata community sampling for 2018. Each entry represents a observation. A description to each column in the data can be found below -
Date: Date of specimen collection,
Time: Time of specimen collection,
Locale: Location site of specimen collected,
Species: Genus and species name for the specimen,
Age: Mature/Immature based on age at the time of specimen collection,
Morph: Female color morph type, NA for males,
Copulation.status: Single (0)/ Couple (1) - based on whether the individual caught non-mating / mating,
Parasites: Number of mites on the body of the specimen when captured,
Catching.time.minutes.: Time (in minutes) spent during specimen collection during one field visit,
Year: Year of field season,
Ischunra.elegans.morph: I. elegans female color morph type, NA for males and other species,
Ischunra.elegans.phase: I. elegans female color phase type based on thorax color, NA for males and other species
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CommunitySampling_2019.csv: Raw data for Odonata community sampling for 2019. Each entry represents a observation. A description to each column in the data can be found below -
Date: Date of specimen collection,
Time: Time of specimen collection,
Locale: Location site of specimen collected,
Species: Genus and species name for the specimen,
Age: Mature/Immature based on age at the time of specimen collection,
Morph: Female color morph type, NA for males,
Copulation.status: Single (0)/ Couple (1) - based on whether the individual caught non-mating / mating,
Parasites: Number of mites on the body of the specimen when captured,
Catching.time.minutes.: Time (in minutes) spent during specimen collection during one field visit,
Year: Year of field season,
Ischunra.elegans.morph: I. elegans female color morph type, NA for males and other species,
Ischunra.elegans.phase: I. elegans female color phase type based on thorax color, NA for males and other species
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CommunitySampling_2020.csv: Raw data for Odonata community sampling for 2020. Each entry represents a observation. A description to each column in the data can be found below -
Date: Date of specimen collection,
Time: Time of specimen collection,
Locale: Location site of specimen collected,
Species: Genus and species name for the specimen,
Age: Mature/Immature based on age at the time of specimen collection,
Morph: Female color morph type, NA for males,
Copulation.status: Single (0)/ Couple (1) - based on whether the individual caught non-mating / mating,
Parasites: Number of mites on the body of the specimen when captured,
Catching.time.minutes.: Time (in minutes) spent during specimen collection during one field visit,
Year: Year of field season,
Ischunra.elegans.morph: I. elegans female color morph type, NA for males and other species,
Ischunra.elegans.phase: I. elegans female color phase type based on thorax color, NA for males and other species
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CommunitySampling_2021.csv: Raw data for Odonata community sampling for 2021. Each entry represents a observation. A description to each column in the data can be found below -
Date: Date of specimen collection,
Time: Time of specimen collection,
Locale: Location site of specimen collected,
Species: Genus and species name for the specimen,
Age: Mature/Immature based on age at the time of specimen collection,
Morph: Female color morph type, NA for males,
Copulation.status: Single (0)/ Couple (1) - based on whether the individual caught non-mating / mating,
Parasites: Number of mites on the body of the specimen when captured,
Catching.time.minutes.: Time (in minutes) spent during specimen collection during one field visit,
Year: Year of field season,
Ischunra.elegans.morph: I. elegans female color morph type, NA for males and other species,
Ischunra.elegans.phase: I. elegans female color phase type based on thorax color, NA for males and other species
Code/Software
R Code is available in
- JEB_#1_Data_Preparation_FINAL.R: Code for Generalized Procustes Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, and landmarking repeatability. This code reorganizes Data.csv to produce DataPC_sorted_locale_fixed.csv
- JEB_#2_Global_Comparisons_FINAL.R: Code to evaluate selection per species and choose best models.
- JEB_#3_Population_Comparisons_FINAL.R: Code to evaluate selection per population and choose best models.
- JEB_#4_prereq_OppSel_FINAL.R: Code to calculate opportunity for sexual selection and male mating success estimates. This code reorganizes CommunitySampling_2018.csv, CommunitySampling_2019.csv, CommunitySampling_2020.csv, and CommunitySampling_2021.csv to produce Is_updated.csv
- JEB_#4_Selection_and_ecology_FINAL.R: Code to summarize mating system parameters per population per year per species, Table S8, Table S9, Figure 5 and Figure S8.
- JEB_#5_OtherFigures_FINAL.R: Code for Figure 3, Figure S6, Figure S7, Figure S10
- Figure S2.R: Code for Figure S2.
Wing Images
Wing images used in this study are archived in three folders
- Ischnura2020.zip: Wing images from Ischnura elegans samples collected in 2020.
- Ischnura2021.zip: Wing images from Ischnura elegans samples collected in 2021.
- Enallagma2021.zip: Wing images from Enallagma cyathigerum samples collected in 2021.
- TrainingSetImages.zip: Wing images used to train ml-morph for landmarking.
All filenames in the wing images folders follow our custom nomenclature "oi_IMG_XXX_id_XXX_wi_XX.jpg"
oi = original image
IMG_XXX = This 'XXX' is not informative and was just used for our records while imaging wings
id_XXX = This 'XXX' corresponds to the original ID of the specimen in the Data.csv datasheet
wi_XX = This 'XX' can take four values - 'rh','lh','rf','lf' corresponding to right/left hindwing/forewing