A confluence of evidence indicates that brain functional connectivity (FC) is not static but rather dynamic. Capturing transient network interactions in the individual brain requires a technology that offers sufficient within-subject reliability. Here, we introduce an individualized network-based dynamics analysis technique and demonstrate that it is reliable in detecting subject-specific brain states during both resting state and a cognitively challenging language task. Moreover, we evaluated the extent to which brain states showed hemispheric asymmetries and how various phenotypic factors such as handedness and gender might influence network dynamics. We discovered a right-lateralized brain state that occurred more frequently in men than in women, and more frequently in right-handed versus left-handed individuals. Lastly, we demonstrated longitudinal brain state changes in 42 patients with subcortical stroke over 6 months. Taken together, this approach could quantify subject-specific dynamic brain states and has potential for use in both basic and clinical neuroscience research.

This is supplemental material for "X. Peng, Robust dynamic brain coactivation states estimated in individuals, Science Advances, 2022".