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Data from: Anatomy and mechanics of tsetse fly blood feeding

Engstler, Markus1; Löwe, Stephan1; Hauf, Laura1; Meyer-Natus, Elisabeth1; Katiti, Dianah2; Petersen, Dennis3; Kovalev, Alexander3; Büsse, Sebastian3; Steyer, Anna4; Matsumura, Yoko3; Böhme, Wolfgang5; Masiga, Daniel2; Gorb, Stanislav3

Published Sep 22, 2026 on Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n02v6wxdh

Data files

Sep 22, 2026 version files 89.46 MB

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Abstract

African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in sub-Saharan Africa. The fly’s saliva carries parasitic unicellular trypanosomes, such as Trypanosoma brucei, leading to infections in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Tsetse flies feed on a broad spectrum of hosts, including humans, elephants, buffaloes, rhinos, hippos, turtles, and monitor lizards. To understand how the insects can penetrate such diverse skin types, we detailed the anatomical structures involved in tsetse blood feeding, their mechanical properties and the forces exerted by the fly during probing. We found that the tsetse fly’s feeding apparatus does not rely on exceptionally unique structures or extraordinary forces. Instead, the tsetse fly has evolved subtle yet highly efficient adaptations, which include a labellum equipped with arrays of small teeth. When combined with a robust retraction movement of the proboscis, these structures create lesions on various types of skin, thus facilitating blood pool feeding on a broad host spectrum.