Data from: From traits to flames: Leaf traits, plant strategies, and plant flammability across a moisture gradient in a frequently burned subtropical landscape
Data files
Sep 10, 2025 version files 198.86 KB
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LPK_2020_Schneider_V_UPDATE.csv
149.22 KB
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LPK_Traits_Schneider_V1.csv
29.18 KB
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README.md
20.47 KB
Abstract
The distribution of plant functional traits across environmental gradients can reflect species’ adaptations to local abiotic conditions. Widely measured leaf traits such as leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) indicate different life history strategies and often respond predictably to gradients of stress and disturbance. Mounting evidence suggests that leaf traits also covary with measures of plant flammability. Yet, whether plant flammability and leaf traits covary synchronously across environmental gradients remains unclear. Here, we examined plant community composition, leaf morphological traits, and shoot flammability traits along gradients of water depth and burn frequency between seasonally inundated marl prairie and dry pine rockland on Long Pine Key (LPK) in Everglades National Park (ENP). We built generalized linear mixed models to test the strength and shape of trait-environment relationships between leaf morphological traits, shoot flammability traits, and life history strategies across these two environmental gradients. Additionally, we utilized general linear mixed models to test for relationships between leaf morphological traits and shoot flammability traits. We found that plants in the drier regions along the gradient (i.e., pine rockland) have high LDMC and moderate LA that reflect stress-tolerant strategies. Conversely, plants in wetter parts of the gradient (i.e., marl prairies) have low LDMC and high LA that reflect disturbance-tolerant strategies. We also found that plants in the pine rocklands burn more completely, at higher temperatures, and for longer durations than those in the marl prairie. The paired distribution of leaf traits and shoot flammability traits along environmental gradients reflects significant correlations between shoot flammability traits and LA and LDMC. The results indicate that life history strategies, leaf morphological traits, and shoot flammability traits may prove useful in plant and landscape flammability models for the Everglades and other analogous ecosystems.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p37t
Description of the data and file structure
Plant community composition data were collected between 2018 and 2021 in Long Pine Key in Everglades National Park. Submodules were sampled 8-12 months after the prescribed burn. Composition is measured as percent cover in 1m2 submodules for a total of 272 submodules.
We measured leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) for five healthy, sun-exposed individuals of each species between July and August 2021. Samples were taken from submodules representing each species’ primary habitat. LA was determined by scanning leaves in ImageJ; SLA (mm² mg⁻¹) and LDMC (%) were calculated from saturated and oven-dried masses. Trait values were averaged per species.
Shoot-level flammability traits (ignitability, maximum burn temperature, sustainability, and consumability) were measured for five individuals per species using a burning apparatus at 150 °C, following established protocols. Samples were preheated, ignited with a blowtorch for 10 s, and traits recorded using visual estimates, infrared thermometry, and burn duration measurements. Trait values were averaged per species. Missing data code: NA
Files and variables
File: LPK_2020_Schneider_V_UPDATE.csv
Description: Site by species matrix with associated site variables.
Variables
- Block: Unit: Burn Block ID
- Plot: Plot number
- Submodule: Submodule ID
- Designation: Habitat type
- Richness: Total number of unique
- Inundation: Total number of days water depths were at or below ground level during the 5 years before the sampling date
- BF: Total number of fires that occurred at a submodule during the 20 years prior to the sampling date
- Elevation: Height of ground level above sea level (m).
- WD: 20-year average water depth at a given submodule.
- ACALCHAM: Percent cover of Acalypha chamaedrifolia within each submodule
- ACMEOPPO: Percent cover of Acmella oppositifolia var. repens within each submodule
- ACRODANA: Percent cover of Acrostichum danaeifolium within each submodule
- AGALFASC: Percent cover of Agalinis fasciculata within each submodule
- AGALLINI: Percent cover of Agalinis linifolia within each submodule
- AGALMARI: Percent cover of Agalinis maritima within each submodule
- ALETBRAC: Percent cover of Aletris bracteata within each submodule
- AMMALATI: Percent cover of Ammannia latifolia within each submodule
- ANDRGLOM: Percent cover of Andropogon glomeratus within each submodule
- ANDRTERN: Percent cover of Andropogon ternarius within each submodule
- ANDRVIRG: Percent cover of Andropogon virginicus within each submodule
- ANEMADIA: Percent cover of Anemia adiantifolia within each submodule
- ANGABERT: Percent cover of Angadenia berteroi within each submodule
- ANNOGLAB: Percent cover of Annona glabra within each submodule
- ARDIESCA: Percent cover of Ardisia escallonioides within each submodule
- ARISPURP: Percent cover of Aristida purpurascens within each submodule
- ASCLLANC: Percent cover of Asclepias lanceolata within each submodule
- ASCLLONG: Percent cover of Aslcepias longifolia within each submodule
- ASEMVIOL: Percent cover of Asemeia violacea within each submodule
- AYENEUPH: Percent cover of Ayenia euphrasiifolia within each submodule
- BACCGLOM: Percent cover of Baccharis glomeruliflora within each submodule
- BACCHALI: Percent cover of Baccharis halimifolia within each submodule
- BACOCARO: Percent cover of Bacopa caroliniana within each submodule
- BLETPURP: Percent cover of Bletia purpurea within each submodule
- BUCHAMER: Percent cover of Buchnera americana within each submodule
- BURSAMER: Percent cover of Bursera simaruba within each submodule
- BYRSLUCI: Percent cover of Byrsonima lucida within each submodule
- CALLAMER: Percent cover of Callicarpa americana within each submodule
- CAPECAST: Percent cover of Caperonia castaneifolia within each submodule
- CASSFILI: Percent cover of Cassytha filiformis within each submodule
- CENTASIA: Percent cover of Centella asiatica within each submodule
- CENTVIRG: Percent cover of Centrosema virginia within each submodule
- CEPHOCCI: Percent cover ofCephalanthuss occidentalis within each submodule
- CHAMDEER: Percent cover of Chamaecrista deeringiana within each submodule
- CHAPALBI: Percent cover of Chaptalia albicans within each submodule
- CHIOPARV: Percent cover of Chiococca parvifolia within each submodule
- CHRYICAC: Percent cover of Chrysobalanus icaco within each submodule
- CHRYOLIV: Percent cover of Chrysophyllum oliviforme within each submodule
- CIRSHORR: Percent cover of Cirsium horridulum within each submodule
- CISSVERT: Percent cover of Cissus verticillata var. verticillata within each submodule
- CITHSPIN: Percent cover of Citharexylum spinosum within each submodule
- CLADJAMA: Percent cover of Cladium jamaicense within each submodule
- COELRUGO: Percent cover of Coelorachis rugosa within each submodule
- COLERIGI: Percent cover of Coleataenia rigidula within each submodule
- CONOCOEL: Percent cover of Conoclinium coelestinum within each submodule
- CONOEREC: Percent cover of Conocarpus erectus within each submodule
- CORCSILI: Percent cover of Corchorus siliquosus within each submodule
- CORELEAV: Percent cover of Coreopsis leavenworthii within each submodule
- CROSILIC: Percent cover of Crossopetalum ilicifolium within each submodule
- CROTLINE: Percent cover of Croton linearis within each submodule
- CROTPUMI: Percent cover of Crotalaria pumila within each submodule
- CYPEHASP: Percent cover of Cyperus haspan within each submodule
- DICHACIC: Percent cover of Dichanthelium aciculare within each submodule
- DICHDICH: Percent cover of Dichanthelium dichotomum within each submodule
- DICHEREC: Percent cover of Dichanthelium erectifolium within each submodule
- DICHSPP: Percent cover of Dichanthelium species (unknown) within each submodule
- DICHSTRI: Percent cover of Dichanthelium strigosum within each submodule
- DIGIFILI: Percent cover of Digitaria filiformis var. dolichophylla within each submodule
- DIGIPAUC: Percent cover of Digitaria pauciflora within each submodule
- DIODVIRG: Percent cover of Diodia virginiana within each submodule
- DODOVISC: Percent cover of Dodonea viscosa within each submodule
- DYSCANGU: Percent cover of Dyschoriste angusta within each submodule
- ECHIUMBE: Percent cover of Echites umbellatus within each submodule
- EDRAUNIF: Percent cover of Edrastima uniflora within each submodule
- ELEOGENI: Percent cover of Eleocharis geniculata within each submodule
- ELYTCARO: Percent cover of Elytraria caroliniensis within each submodule
- ERAGELLI: Percent cover of Eragrostis elliottii within each submodule
- ERIGQUE : Percent cover of Erigeron quercifolius within each submodule
- EUGEAXIL: Percent cover of Eugenia axillaris within each submodule
- EULOGRAM: Percent cover of Eulophia graminea within each submodule
- EUPACAPI: Percent cover of Eupatorium capillifolium within each submodule
- EUPALEPT: Percent cover of Eupatorium leptophyllum within each submodule
- EUPAMIKA: Percent cover of Eupatorium mikanioides within each submodule
- EUPHDELT: Percent cover of Euphorbia deltoidea subsp. pinetorum within each submodule
- EUPHHYPE: Percent cover of Euphorbia hypericifolia within each submodule
- EUPHPERG: Percent cover of Euphorbia pergamena within each submodule
- EUPHPINE: Percent cover of Euphorbia pinetorum within each submodule
- EUPHPORT: Percent cover of Euphorbia porteriana within each submodule
- EUPLPOLY: Percent cover of Euploca polyphylla within each submodule
- EUSTGLAU: Percent cover of Eustachys glauca within each submodule
- EUSTPETR: Percent cover of Eustachys petraea within each submodule
- EVOLSERI: Percent cover of Evolvulus sericeus within each submodule
- FICUAURE: Percent cover of Ficus aurea within each submodule
- FICUCITR: Percent cover of Ficus citricolia within each submodule
- FUIRBREV: Percent cover of Fuirena breviseta within each submodule
- FUIRUMBE: Percent cover of Fuirena umbellata within each submodule
- GEOBOBLO: Percent cover of Geobalanus oblongifolius within each submodule
- GUAPDISC: Percent cover of Guapira discolor within each submodule
- GUETELLI: Percent cover of Guettarda elliptica within each submodule
- GUETSCAB: Percent cover of Guettarda scabra within each submodule
- HELEPINN: Percent cover of Helenium pinnatifidum within each submodule
- HOUSNIGR: Percent cover of Houstonia nigricans within each submodule
- HYMEPALM: Percent cover of Hymenocallis palmeri within each submodule
- HYPEBRAC: Percent cover of *Hypericum brachyphyllumin * each submodule
- HYPEHYPE: Percent cover of Hypericum hypericoides within each submodule
- HYPOWRIG: Percent cover of Hypoxis wrightii within each submodule
- HYPTALAT: Percent cover of Hyptis alata within each submodule
- ILEXCASS: Percent cover of Ilex cassine within each submodule
- ILEXKRUG: Percent cover of Ilex krugiana within each submodule
- IPOMMICR: Percent cover of Ipomoea microdactyla within each submodule
- IPOMSAGI: Percent cover of Ipomoea sagittata within each submodule
- IPOMTENU: Percent cover of Ipomoea tenuissima within each submodule
- IVAMICRO: Percent cover of Iva microcephala within each submodule
- JACQCURT: Percent cover of Jacquemontia curtisii within each submodule
- JUNCMEGA: Percent cover of Juncus megacephalus within each submodule
- JUSTANGU: Percent cover of Justicia angusta within each submodule
- KOSTPENT: Percent cover of Kosteletzkya pentacarpos within each submodule
- LANTDEPR: Percent cover of Lantana depressa var. depressa within each submodule
- LANTINVO: Percent cover of Lantana involucrata within each submodule
- LEERHEXA: Percent cover of Leersia hexandra within each submodule
- LIATGARB: Percent cover of Liatris garberi within each submodule
- LIATGRAC: Percent cover of Liatra gracilis within each submodule
- LIATSPIC: Percent cover of Liatris spicata within each submodule
- LIATTENU: Percent cover of Liatris tenuifolia within each submodule
- LINUMEDI: Percent cover of Linum medium var. texanum within each submodule
- LIPPSTOE: Percent cover of Lippia stoechadifolia within each submodule
- LOBEGLAN: Percent cover of Lobelia glandulosa within each submodule
- LUDWALAT: Percent cover of Ludwigia alata within each submodule
- LUDWCURT: Percent cover of Ludwigia curtissii within each submodule
- LUDWMICR: Percent cover of Ludwigia microcarpa within each submodule
- LUDWREPE: Percent cover of Ludwigia repens within each submodule
- LYSILATI: Percent cover of Lysiloma latisiliquum within each submodule
- MECAACUM: Percent cover of Mecardonia acuminata subsp. peninsularis within each submodule
- MELAANGU: Percent cover of Melanthera angustifolia within each submodule
- METABLOD: Percent cover of Metastelma blodgettii within each submodule
- METOTOXI: Percent cover of Metopium toxiferum within each submodule
- MICOBICO: Percent cover of Miconia bicolor within each submodule
- MIKASCAN: Percent cover of Mikania scandens within each submodule
- MITRPETI: Percent cover of Mitreola petiolata within each submodule
- MITRSESS: Percent cover of Mitreola sessilifolia within each submodule
- MORECERI: Percent cover of Morella cerifera within each submodule
- MORIROYO : Percent cover of Morinda royoc within each submodule
- MOSILONG: Percent cover of Mosiera longipes within each submodule
- MUHLCAPI: Percent cover of Muhlenbergia capillaris within each submodule
- MYRSCUBA: Percent cover of Myrsine cubana within each submodule
- NEKEARBO: Percent cover of Nekemia arborea within each submodule
- NEPHEXAL: Percent cover of Nephrolepis exaltata within each submodule
- PANIVIRG: Percent cover of Panicum virgatum within each submodule
- PARIFLOR: Percent cover of Pareitaria floridana within each submodule
- PARTQUIN : Percent cover of Parthenocissus quinquefolia within each submodule
- PASPBLOD: Percent cover of Paspalum blodgettii within each submodule
- PASPCAES : Percent cover of Paspalum caespitosum within each submodule
- PASPMONO: Percent cover of Paspalum monostachyum within each submodule
- PASSSUBE: Percent cover of Passiflora suberosa within each submodule
- PENTLUTE: Percent cover of Pentalinon luteum within each submodule
- PERSHYDR: Percent cover of Persicaria hydropiperoides within each submodule
- PERSPALU: Percent cover of Persea palustris within each submodule
- PHYLCARO: Percent cover of Phyllanthus caroliniensis subsp. saxicola within each submodule
- PHYLNODI: Percent cover of Phyla nodiflora within each submodule
- PHYLPENT: Percent cover of Phyllanthus pentaphyllus var. floridanus within each submodule
- PHYSWALT: Percent cover of Physalis walteri within each submodule
- PINUELLI: Percent cover of Pinus elliottii var. densa within each submodule
- PIRICIST: Percent cover of Piriqueta cistoides subsp. caroliniana within each submodule
- PITYGRAM: Percent cover of Pityrogramma trifoliata within each submodule
- PLUCBACC: Percent cover of Pluchea baccharus within each submodule
- POLYBALD: Percent cover of Polygala balduinii within each submodule
- POLYINCA: Percent cover of Polygala incarnata within each submodule
- PONTCORD: Percent cover of Pontedaria cordata within each submodule
- PROSPALU: Percent cover of Proserpinaca palustris within each submodule
- PSILNUDU: Percent cover of Psilotum nudum within each submodule
- PSYCNERV: Percent cover of Psychotria nervosa within each submodule
- PTERAQUI: Percent cover of Pterdium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum within each submodule
- PTERBAHA: Percent cover of Pteris bahamensis within each submodule
- QUERCUS VIRGINIANAG: Percent cover of Quercus virginiana within each submodule
- RANDACUL: Percent cover of Randia aculeata within each submodule
- RHUSCOPA: Percent cover of Rhus copalinum within each submodule
- RHYNCOLO: Percent cover of Rhynchospora colorata within each submodule
- RHYNDIVE: Percent cover of Rhynchospora divergens within each submodule
- RHYNFLOR: Percent cover of Rhynchospora floridensis within each submodule
- RHYNMICR: Percent cover of Rhynchospora microcarpa within each submodule
- RHYNRENI: Percent cover of Rhynchosia reniformis within each submodule
- RHYNTRAC: Percent cover of Rhynchospora tracyi within each submodule
- RUELSUCC: Percent cover of Ruellia succulenta within each submodule
- SABAPALM: Percent cover of Sabal palmetto within each submodule
- SABASTEL: Percent cover of Sabatia stellaris within each submodule
- SACCGIGA: Percent cover of Saccharum giganteum within each submodule
- SACHPOLY: Percent cover of Sachsia polycephala within each submodule
- SAGILANC: Percent cover of Sagittaria lancifolia within each submodule
- SALICARO: Percent cover of Salix caroliniana within each submodule
- SAMOEBRA : Percent cover of Samolus ebracteatus within each submodule
- SCHIGRAC: Percent cover of Schizachyrium gracile within each submodule
- SCHIRHIZ: Percent cover of Schizachyrium rhizomatum within each submodule
- SCHISANG: Percent cover of Schizachyrium sanguineum within each submodule
- SCHONIGR: Percent cover of Shoenus nigricans within each submodule
- SCLECILI: Percent cover of Scleria ciliata within each submodule
- SCLEVERT: Percent cover of Scleria verticillata within each submodule
- SELAARMA: Percent cover of Selaginella eatonii within each submodule
- SENNMEXI: Percent cover of Senna mexicana var. chapmanii within each submodule
- SEREREPE: Percent cover of Serenoa repens within each submodule
- SETAPARV: Percent cover of Setaria parvifolia within each submodule
- SIDAELLI: Percent cover of Sida elliottii within each submodule
- SIDERECL: Percent cover of Sideroxylon reclinatum subsp. austrofloridense within each submodule
- SIDESALI: Percent cover of Sideroxylon salicifolium within each submodule
- SISYANGU: Percent cover of Sisyrinchium angustifolium within each submodule
- SMILAURI: Percent cover of Smilax auriculata within each submodule
- SMILBONA: Percent cover of Smilax bona-nox within each submodule
- SOLADONI: Percent cover of Solanum donianum within each submodule
- SOLILEAV: Percent cover of Solidago leavenworthii within each submodule
- SOLIODOR: Percent cover of Solidago odora var. chapmanii within each submodule
- SOLISTRI: Percent cover of Solidago stricta within each submodule
- SORGSECU: Percent cover of Sorghastrum secundum within each submodule
- SPARBAKE: Percent cover of Spartina bakeri within each submodule
- SPERNEOT: Percent cover of Spermacoce neoterminalis within each submodule
- SPIRVERN: Percent cover of Spiranthes vernalis within each submodule
- STENDULC: Percent cover of Stenandrium dulce within each submodule
- STILSYLV: Percent cover of Stillingia sylvatica within each submodule
- STYLCALC : Percent cover of Stylosanthes calcicola within each submodule
- SYMPADNA: Percent cover of Symphyotrichum adnatum within each submodule
- SYMPBAHA: Percent cover of Symphyotrichum bahamense within each submodule
- SYMPDUMO: Percent cover of Sympyotrichum dumosum within each submodule
- SYMPSIMM: Percent cover of Symphyotrichum simmondsii within each submodule
- SYMPTENU: Percent cover of Symphyotrichum tenuifolium within each submodule
- TAXODIST: Percent cover of Taxodium distichum within each submodule
- TEUCCANA: Percent cover of Teucrium canadense within each submodule
- THELKUNT: Percent cover of Thelypteris kunthii within each submodule
- TIEDFILI: Percent cover of Tiedemannia filiformis subsp. filiformis within each submodule
- TILLUTRI : Percent cover of Tillandsia utriculata within each submodule
- TOXIRADI : Percent cover of Toxicodendron radicans within each submodule
- TRAGSAXI : Percent cover of Tragia saxicola within each submodule
- TREMMICR : Percent cover of Trema micrantha within each submodule
- UTRIGIBB : Percent cover of Utricularia gibba within each submodule
- VACHFARN: Percent cover of Vachellia farnesiana var. pinetorum within each submodule
- VERNBLOD : Percent cover of Vernonia blodgettii within each submodule
- VIGNLUTE: Percent cover of Vigna luteola within each submodule
- VITIROTU: Percent cover of Vitis rotundifolia within each submodule
- WALTINDI: Percent cover of Waltheria indica within each submodule
- ZAMIINTE: Percent cover of Zamia integrifolia within each submodule
File: LPK_Traits_Schneider_V1.csv
Description:
Variables
- SPP: Species code names
- LA_mm: One-sided area of leaf (includes petiole)
- LDMC_mm: The percent dry matter content of a leaf
- SLA_mm: Specific leaf area (ratio of leaf area to leaf dry mass)
- IgniteINV: Rescaled and inverse form of Ignite. Lower values indicate that the sample took longer to ignite
- Temp: The maximum temperature of a burning sample (Fahrenheit)
- Temp_C: The maximum temperature of a burning sample (Celsius)
- Time: The total duration a sample burned after extinguishing blowtorch
- Percent: The percent biomass consumed by burning a sample
- Ignite: Time it takes for sample to ignite.
- Wetland: Wetland affiliation designated by the Department of Environmental Protection and the National Wetland Plant List
- Form: Life form
- S: The calculated ratio of the Stress-tolerant CSR strategy for each species
- C: The calculated ratio of the Competitive CSR strategy for each species
- R: The calculated ratio of the Ruderal CSR strategy for each
Code/software
We used R software version 4.2.3. Packages required to run the analyses include the glmmTMB, DHARMa, and ternary. We also used tidyverse and ggplot for easy functionality. To calculate the CSR life history values, we used the StrateFY excel spreadsheet.
Access information
Other publicly accessible locations of the data:
- NA
Data was derived from the following sources:
- NA
