This dataset documents methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from rewetted organic soils under controlled experimental conditions. Increased CH₄ emissions from rewetted organic soils can undermine the climate benefits of reduced CO₂ release. This is especially problematic in low-lying areas that tend to remain waterlogged and act as potential CH₄ hotspots. Here we test whether burning the soil surface before rewetting can reduce CH₄ emissions. Using laboratory experiments with soil cores collected from degraded farmland in Denmark, we found that rewetting organic soils following burning reduced CH₄ emissions by more than 95% over a 90-day period compared to rewetting alone.

The dataset includes time-series measurements of CH₄ and CO₂ fluxes, along with associated environmental variables and microbial community information. The reduction was likely associated with changed soil chemistry, such as increased soil carbon stability and the decrease in methanogen abundance and activity. Our results suggest that targeted burning could help suppress short-term CH₄ emissions after rewetting. However, long-term field studies are needed to understand whether this effect persists and to assess potential ecological risks, such as pollution runoff, before any broader field-scale implementation is considered.