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Data from: Transport of airborne eDNA is captured by wind-directed catchment area models

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Jul 07, 2026 version files 432.30 KB

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Abstract

Airborne environmental DNA (eDNA) offers a cost-effective, scalable tool for biodiversity monitoring. Yet, because biodiversity data is most valuable when spatially explicit, limited understanding of airborne eDNA transport makes it challenging to define sample origin. We address this by investigating local spatial dynamics of eDNA dispersal using passive airborne eDNA samplers and wind data. Over 3 weeks from March 25th to 14th April 2024, we deployed passive samplers at Rotterdam Zoo (Netherlands) and collected airborne eDNA at 5 locations for multiple durations over 96 hours, where all samplers were started simultaneously. Vertebrate diversity was sequenced at 12S and 16S and resident zoo species identified. Wind directed catchment areas were estimated using two models (circular sector model, using simple wind-directed data from a nearby weather station, and the footprint model using gridded meteorological data). Catchment areas were defined by wind characteristics, with size and orientation determined by speed and directional variability. Results showed 100 % detection prediction accuracy up to 100 m (all species detections within modeled catchment areas). At longer ranges up to 655 m, 62 % of the total detected species fell within the wind directed catchment areas. Species detections outside of the catchment areas suggests additional mechanisms may influence longer range transport of air eDNA. Together, our results suggest simple wind characteristic models accurately identify vertebrate airborne eDNA catchment areas at local scales, increasing confidence that species signal originate at < 200 m downwind from sampler placement, and thus can be used to enable more spatially explicit biomonitoring inferences.