RNA-micelles as self-assembling structures for efficient co-delivery of synergistic siRNA and nucleoside analogues to treat CRC lung metastasis
Data files
May 26, 2026 version files 487.87 MB
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Figure_3B_HCT116_24hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
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Figure_3B_HCT116_24hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-EpC.tif
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Figure_3B_HCT116_24hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
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Figure_3B_HCT116_24hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-EpC.tif
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Figure_3B_HCT116_48hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
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Figure_3B_HCT116_48hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-EpC.tif
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Figure_3B_HCT116_48hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
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Figure_3B_HCT116_48hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-EpC.tif
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Figure_3B_HT29_24hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
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Figure_3B_HT29_48hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
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Figure_3B_HT29_48hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
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Figure_3B_HT29_48hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-EpC.tif
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Figure_3C_Actin.tif
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Figure_3C_Survivin.tif
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Figure_4A_HCT116.tif
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Figure_4A_HT29.tif
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Figure_4A.csv
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Figure_4B_HCT116.tif
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Figure_4B_HT29.tif
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Figure_4C_HCT116_3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC.tif
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Figure_4C_HCT116_PBS.tif
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README.md
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Abstract
SiRNA has been widely studied in cancer gene silencing over the last 25 years. However, few siRNA-based therapeutics have been approved by the FDA. An RNA-micelle platform provides a powerful therapeutic tool through simple one-step, high-yield production that is capable of efficient colorectal cancer lung metastasis treatment, a current lethal condition with a short survival rate post-diagnosis. Here, it is reported that the use of RNA-micelles co-carrying siRNA and nucleoside analogues to completely inhibit lung metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The major advantage of the RNA-micelle is the successful co-delivery of siRNA and chemotherapeutic agent in a single delivery vehicle while specifically targeting CRC cells via incorporation of an oncogenic surface receptor ligand. It was found that RNA-micelles could combine to silence survivin protein expression via siRNA delivery, which in turn increased the efficacy of the delivered chemotherapeutic agent. Both siRNA and high-payload nucleoside-analogues were incorporated onto a single micelle, which remained stable during in vivo circulation, rather than individual RNA nanoparticles, thus generating this advantageous synergistic cancer regression. This platform provides a powerful therapeutic tool to address colorectal cancer lung metastasis, a currently serious, lethal disease that has a very poor prognosis following diagnosis.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.qz612jmx4
Description of the data and file structure
Principle Investigator Contact Information
Name: Peixuan Guo
Institution: The Ohio State University
Email: guo.1091@osu.edu
Dataset Overview
This dataset contains the data that was compiled for the publication Jin K, Rychahou P, Binzel DW, Evers BM, Guo P. RNA-Micelles as Self-Assembling Structures for Efficient Co-Delivery of Synergistic siRNA and Nucleoside Analogues to Treat CRC Lung Metastasis. Adv Funct Mater. 2026 Jan 20:e21863. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202521863. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 42006041; PMCID: PMC13089865. This data covers the generation and characterization of RNA nanoparticle - micelles, and evaluation to treat lung metastasis colorectal cancer tumors in murine models. This data set includes the assembly of RNA nanoparticle - micelles that are incorporated with survivin siRNA and multiple copies of gemcitabine; characterization of micelle formation by gel assembly, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and ultracentrifugation sedimentation. RNA nanoparticle - micelles were evaluated on HT29 lung metastasis and HCT116 colorectal cancer cell lines for specific cell uptake and targeting, survivin expression, cell viability, γH2AX and caspase3 expression, and tumor treatment by GFP expression in murine models.
Dates of Data Collection
This data was collected at The Ohio State University under Dr. Peixuan Guo and at the University of Kentucky under Dr. Piotr Rychahou between 09/01/2022 and 08/18/2025.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute grant R01 CA293945 (Peixuan Guo), the NIH Eye institute R01 EY031452 (Peixuan Guo), and The Ohio State University President's Research Excellence (PRE) Catalyst Award.
Ethics Approval
Animal model testing in mice was conducted under an approved IACUC protocol granted by the University of Kentucky.
Sharing/Access information
Sharing/Access
This work was published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. The work is copyright by the authors (© 2026 The Author(s)). Additionally, in accordance to National Institute of Health policies, this data is freely distributed.
Data Sources
All data was generated in the authors' laboratories between 2022 and 2025 through the generation of RNA nanoparticle - micelles, cell models, and animal models that are described in the methodology of the cited publication.
Recommended Citation
Jin K, Rychahou P, Binzel DW, Evers BM, Guo P. RNA-Micelles as Self-Assembling Structures for Efficient Co-Delivery of Synergistic siRNA and Nucleoside Analogues to Treat CRC Lung Metastasis. Adv Funct Mater. 2026 Jan 20:e21863.
Description of the data and file structure
This repository consists of a single file that includes multiple tabs of data in a Microsoft Excel file format for ease of reading.
Files
The files in this dataset are the original data that was used for figures in the above cited publication. These files consist of csv spreadsheets for plotted data and original uncropped images taken of gels, western blots, confocal microscopy, and whole body images of mice. All data listed with axis titles as related to the associated plot. Each file is named for the associated data in each figure, and includes metadata on the conditions used to obtain the dataset. More details on experimental procedures can be found in the associated publication.
Files and variables
File: Figure 1B.jpg
Description: Raw and uncropped image of 2% Agarose Synergel showing RNA nanoparticle - micelle assemblies. 2% Agarose Synergel in 1x TAE buffer, 100 V for 30 minutes.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Gel lane
- Sample name (abbreviations: Scr - Scramble siRNA, SS - single stranded, Gem - Gemcitabine, MC - micelle, Sur - survivin siRNA)
Number of samples: 8
- Scr-SS
- Scr-CH
- Gem-MC
- Sur-Gem-MC
- Sur-Gem-CH
- Sur-AS
- Sur-CH
- Sur-MC
File: Figure 1C.csv
Description: Dynamic light scattering (size) and Zeta potential of assembled nanoparticles. Samples were diluted to 10 uM in PBS buffer for analysis on Malvern Zetasizer nano-ZS.
Number of metadata rows: 1
Number of header row: 2
Number of variables: 15
Number of rows: 9
Variable Lists
- Sample name (abbreviations: Scr - Scramble siRNA, SS - single stranded, Gem - Gemcitabine, MC - micelle, Sur - survivin siRNA)
- Temperature (degree C)
- Z-Ave (d.nm): Z-average; intensity-weighted, harmonic-averaged diameter (nm)
- Attenuator: Attenuator index (1-11) of Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS
- PDL
- Peak 1 Mean Intensity (d.nm)
- Peak 2 Mean Intensity (d.nm)
- Peak 3 Mean Intensity (d.nm)
- Scattering Angle
- Attenuator
- ZP (mV)
- Mob (umcm/Vs)
- Cond (ms/cm)
- Average Size
- Error Size
- Average Zeta
- Error Zeta
File: Figure 1D.csv
Description: Ultracentrifugation sedimentation of RNA only (1uM). 5-20% Sucrose gradient on SW55ti rotor. Spun at 40,000 RPM for overnight at 4 degree C. Samples were fractionated from the bottom and read for fluorescence (Ex: 633 nM, Em: 670 nM).
Number of metadata rows: 3
Number of header row: 1
Number of variables: 2
Number of rows: 24
Variable Lists
- Fraction number
- Fluorescence emission (670 nm)
File: Figure 1E.csv
Description: Ultracentrifugation sedimentation of RNA micelle at 100 nM. 5-20% Sucrose gradient on SW55ti rotor. Spun at 40,000 RPM for overnight at 4 degree C. Samples were fractionated from the bottom and read for fluorescence (Ex: 633 nM, Em: 670 nM). *Fraction 24 was not plotted in the published data due to a incomplete sample volume thus providing a low fluorescence signal.
Number of metadata rows: 3
Number of header row: 1
Number of variables: 2
Number of rows: 24
Variable Lists
- Fraction number
- Fluorescence emission (670 nm)
File: Figure 1F.csv
Description: Ultracentrifugation sedimentation of RNA micelle at 1 uM. 5-20% Sucrose gradient on SW55ti rotor. Spun at 40,000 RPM for overnight at 4 degree C. Samples were fractionated from the bottom and read for fluorescence (Ex: 633 nM, Em: 670 nM).
Number of metadata rows: 3
Number of header row: 1
Number of variables: 2
Number of rows: 24
Variable Lists
- Fraction number
- Fluorescence emission (670 nm)
File: Figure 2C.jpg
Description: Raw and uncropped image of 2% Agarose synergel of RNA nanoparticle - micelle assembly. 2% Agarose Synergel in 1x TAE buffer at 100V for 30 min.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Gel lane
- Sample Name (KB - kilobase, 3WJ - three way junction, Sur - survivin siRNA, Gem - Gemcitabine, EpC - EpCAM RNA aptamer, ss - single stranded, chol - cholesterol, MC - micelle)
Number of samples: 7
- 1KB Ladder
- 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC
- A-Sure-SS + B-Chol
- 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC
- A-Sur-Gem-SS + B-Chol
- 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC
- B-Chol + Sur-Gem-EpC-SS
File: Figure 3A_HCT116_37C_1hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HCT116 cells. Samples were incubated at 37 degree Celsius for 1 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HCT116_37C_2hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HCT116 cells. Samples were incubated at 37 degree Celsius for 2 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HCT116_4C_1hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HCT116 cells. Samples were incubated at 4 degree Celsius for 1 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HCT116_4C_2hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HCT116 cells. Samples were incubated at 4 degree Celsius for 2 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HCT116_37C_1hr_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC assembly binding to HCT116 cells. Samples were incubated at 37 degree Celsius for 1 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HCT116_37C_2hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HCT116 cells. Samples were incubated at 37 degree Celsius for 2 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HCT116_4C_1hr_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC assembly binding to HCT116 cells. Samples were incubated at 4 degree Celsius for 1 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HCT116_4C_2hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HCT116 cells. Samples were incubated at 4 degree Celsius for 2 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HT29_37C_1hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HT29 cells. Samples were incubated at 37 degree Celsius for 1 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HT29_37C_2hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HT29 cells. Samples were incubated at 37 degree Celsius for 2 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HT29_4C_1hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HT29 cells. Samples were incubated at 4 degree Celsius for 1 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HT29_4C_2hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HT29 cells. Samples were incubated at 4 degree Celsius for 2 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HT29_37C_1hr_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC assembly binding to HT29 cells. Samples were incubated at 37 degree Celsius for 1 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HT29_37C_2hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HT29 cells. Samples were incubated at 37 degree Celsius for 2 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HT29_4C_1hr_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC assembly binding to HT29 cells. Samples were incubated at 4 degree Celsius for 1 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3A_HT29_4C_2hr_3WJ-Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of 3WJ-Scr-MC assembly binding to HT29 cells. Samples were incubated at 4 degree Celsius for 2 hour prior to imaging at 20X magnification. Blue stain for DAPI, Red Stain for RNA nanoparticle.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - Alexa647 label on RNA micelle
File: Figure 3B_HCT116_24hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-Epc.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HCT116 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC nanoparticle. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 24 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HCT116_24hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-Epc.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HCT116 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC nanoparticle. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 24 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HCT116_24hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-Epc-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HCT116 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 24 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HCT116_24hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-Epc-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HCT116 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 24 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HCT116_48hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-Epc.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HCT116 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC nanoparticle. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 48 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HCT116_48hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-Epc.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HCT116 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC nanoparticle. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 48 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HCT116_48hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-Epc-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HCT116 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 48 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HCT116_48hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-Epc-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HCT116 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 48 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HT29_24hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-Epc.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HT29 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC nanoparticle. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 24 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HT29_24hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-Epc.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HT29 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC nanoparticle. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 24 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HT29_24hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-Epc-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HT29 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 24 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HT29_24hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-Epc-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HT29 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 24 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HT29_48hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-Epc.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HT29 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC nanoparticle. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 48 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HT29_48hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-Epc.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HT29 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC nanoparticle. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 48 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HT29_48hr_5x_3WJ-Sur-Epc-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HT29 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 48 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3B_HT29_48hr_20x_3WJ-Sur-Epc-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped microscopy image of survivin staining in HT29 cells following incubation with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were incubated with RNA nanoparticles for 48 hours at 37 degree Celsius then incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C and stained with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 3C_Actin.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of B-actin expression by western blot in HT29 cells following treatment with RNA nanoparticle -micelles.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Lane
- Sample name (Sur - survivin siRNA, DNAr - DNA surivivn anti-sense strand, MC - Micelle, Gem - Gemcitabine)
Number of samples: 8
- No treatment control
- 200 nM Sur-Gem-MC
- 100 nM Sur-Gem-MC
- 50 nM Sur-Gem-MC
- 200 nM Sur-DNAr-Gem-MC
- 1200 nM Sur-DNAr-Gem-MC
- 50 nM Sur-DNAr-Gem-MC
- 200 nM Sur
File: Figure 3C_Survivin.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of survivin expression by western blot in HT29 cells following treatment with RNA nanoparticle -micelles.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Lane
- Sample name (Sur - survivin siRNA, DNAr - DNA surivivn anti-sense strand, MC - Micelle, Gem - Gemcitabine)
Number of samples: 8
- No treatment control
- 200 nM Sur-Gem-MC
- 100 nM Sur-Gem-MC
- 50 nM Sur-Gem-MC
- 200 nM Sur-DNAr-Gem-MC
- 1200 nM Sur-DNAr-Gem-MC
- 50 nM Sur-DNAr-Gem-MC
- 200 nM Sur
File: Figure 4A.csv
Description: Cell viability assay of HT29 or HCT116 cell lines following incubation with RNA nanoparticle -micelles. HT29 or HCT116 treated with RNA nanoparticles at 25 nM for 96 hours or HCT116 treated with RNA nanoparticles at 10 nM for 96 hours. Following incubation assay was completed and absorbance was measured at 460 nm. Additional image of the cell assay is included as separate files (Figure 4A_HT29 and Figure 4A_HCT116). The cell viability average and standard error were used to create a plot in the publication.
Number of metadata rows: 2
Number of header row: 2
Number of variables: 11
Number of rows: 14
Variable Lists
- Sample name (Sur - survivin siRNA, DNAr - DNA surivivn anti-sense strand, MC - Micelle, Gem - Gemcitabine)
- Absorbance measurement of repeat 1 (460 nm)
- Absorbance measurement of repeat 2 (460 nm)
- Absorbance measurement of repeat 3 (460 nm)
- Average of absorbance measurements (repeat 1-3)
- Standard error of absorbance measurements (repeat 1-3)
- Cell viability repeat 1 (expressed as percentage of absorbance repeat/absorbance average)
- Cell viability repeat 2 (expressed as percentage of absorbance repeat/absorbance average)
- Cell viability repeat 3 (expressed as percentage of absorbance repeat/absorbance average)
- Cell viability average (repeat 1-3)
- Standard error of cell viability average (repeat 1-3)
File: Figure 4A_HCT116.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cell viability assay of HCT116 cells following incuation with RNA micelles. Image accompanies Figure 4A.csv file. Each column represents a different sample with rows 1-3 serving as repeats at 10 nM.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Lane
- Sample name (Sur - survivin siRNA, EpC-EpCAM RNA aptamer, MC - Micelle, Gem - Gemcitabine)
Number of samples: 7 (columns)
- PBS
- Gem-MC
- Sur-MC
- Sur-Gem-MC
- Scr-MC
- 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC
- 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC
File: Figure 4A_HT29.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cell viability assay of HT29 cells following incuation with RNA micelles. Image accompanies Figure 4A.csv file. Each column represents a different sample with rows 1-3 serving as repeats at 25 nM.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Lane
- Sample name (Sur - survivin siRNA, EpC-EpCAM RNA aptamer, MC - Micelle, Gem - Gemcitabine)
Number of samples: 7 (columns)
- PBS
- Gem-MC
- Sur-MC
- Sur-Gem-MC
- Scr-MC
- 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC
- 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC
File: Figure 4B.csv
Description: Cell viability assay of HT29 or HCT116 cell lines following incubation with RNA nanoparticle -micelles. HT29 or HCT116 cells treated with RNA nanoparticles at 200 nM for 180 minutes then replaced with cell media 96 hours. Following incubation assay was completed and absorbance was measured at 460 nm. Additional image of the cell assay is included as separate files (Figure 4B_HT29 and Figure 4B_HCT116). The cell viability average and standard error were used to create a plot in the publication.
Number of metadata rows: 2
Number of header row: 2
Number of variables: 11
Number of rows: 14
Variable Lists
- Sample name (Sur - survivin siRNA, DNAr - DNA surivivn anti-sense strand, MC - Micelle, Gem - Gemcitabine)
- Absorbance measurement of repeat 1 (460 nm)
- Absorbance measurement of repeat 2 (460 nm)
- Absorbance measurement of repeat 3 (460 nm)
- Average of absorbance measurements (repeat 1-3)
- Standard error of absorbance measurements (repeat 1-3)
- Cell viability repeat 1 (expressed as percentage of absorbance repeat/absorbance average)
- Cell viability repeat 2 (expressed as percentage of absorbance repeat/absorbance average)
- Cell viability repeat 3 (expressed as percentage of absorbance repeat/absorbance average)
- Cell viability average (repeat 1-3)
- Standard error of cell viability average (repeat 1-3)
File: Figure 4B_HCT116.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cell viability assay of HCT116 cells following incuation with RNA micelles at 200 nM for 180 min and then replaced with full medium for 96 hour. Image accompanies Figure 4b.csv file. Each column represents a different sample with rows 1-3 serving as repeats.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Lane
- Sample name (Sur - survivin siRNA, EpC-EpCAM RNA aptamer, MC - Micelle, Gem - Gemcitabine)
Number of samples: 7 (columns)
- PBS
- Gem-MC
- Sur-MC
- Sur-Gem-MC
- Scr-MC
- 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC
- 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC
File: Figure 4B_HT29.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cell viability assay of HT29 cells following incuation with RNA micelles at 200 nM for 180 min and then replaced with full medium for 96 hour. Image accompanies Figure 4b.csv file. Each column represents a different sample with rows 1-3 serving as repeats.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Lane
- Sample name (Sur - survivin siRNA, EpC-EpCAM RNA aptamer, MC - Micelle, Gem - Gemcitabine)
Number of samples: 7 (columns)
- PBS
- Gem-MC
- Sur-MC
- Sur-Gem-MC
- Scr-MC
- 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC
- 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC
File: Figure 4C_HCT116_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HCT116_3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HCT116_Gem-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with Gem-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HCT116_PBS.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with PBS. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HCT116_Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with Scr-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HCT116_Sur-Gem-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with Sur-Gem-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HCT116_Sur-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with Sur-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HT29_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HT29_3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HT29_Gem-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with Gem-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HT29_PBS.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with PBS. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HT29_Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with Scr-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HT29_Sur-Gem-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with Sur-Gem-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4C_HT29_Sur-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of γH2AX expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with Sur-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 24 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139) mouse monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 20x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-mouse antibody
File: Figure 4D_HCT116_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HCT116_3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HCT116_Gem-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with Gem-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HCT116_PBS.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with PBS. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HCT116_Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with Scr-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HCT116_Sur-Gem-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with Sur-Gem-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HCT116_Sur-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HCT116 cells following treatment with Sur-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HT29_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HT29_3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HT29_Gem-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with Gem-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HT29_PBS.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with PBS. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HT29_Scr-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with Scr-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HT29_Sur-Gem-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with Sur-Gem-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 4D_HT29_Sur-MC.tif
Description: Raw and uncropped image of cleaved caspase‑3 expression by confocal microscopy in HT29 cells following treatment with Sur-MC micelles. Cells were treated with 100 nm RNA‑micelles for 48 hours then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100. After blocking, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175) rabbit monoclonal) and stained with VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑rabbit, red) and with DAPI. Samples were imaged at 5x magnification.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Blue Stain - DAPI nucleus stain
- Red Stain - VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit antibody
File: Figure 5A_3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC.tiff
Description: Raw and uncropped image of whole mouse bioluminescence expression from HT29 LungM3 cancer cells by IVIS following treatment with 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC. This image include 5 mouse repeat for the sample. Reduced bioluminescence expression represents treatment of HT29 LungM3 tumors developed on lungs of mice. Images were taken in white light to image mice and bioluminesnce to image tumor cells.
Number of variables: 2
Variable List:
- Bioluminescence
- White light
File: Figure 5A_3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC.tiff
Description: Raw and uncropped image of whole mouse bioluminescence expression from HT29 LungM3 cancer cells by IVIS following treatment with 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC. This image include 5 mouse repeat for the sample. Reduced bioluminescence expression represents treatment of HT29 LungM3 tumors developed on lungs of mice. Images were taken in white light to image mice and bioluminesnce to image tumor cells.
Number of variables: 2
Variable List:
- Bioluminescence
- White light
File: Figure 5A_Gem-MC.tiff
Description: Raw and uncropped image of whole mouse bioluminescence expression from HT29 LungM3 cancer cells by IVIS following treatment with Gem-MC. This image include 5 mouse repeat for the sample. Reduced bioluminescence expression represents treatment of HT29 LungM3 tumors developed on lungs of mice. Images were taken in white light to image mice and bioluminesnce to image tumor cells.
Number of variables: 2
Variable List:
- Bioluminescence
- White light
File: Figure 5A_PBS.tiff
Description: Raw and uncropped image of whole mouse bioluminescence expression from HT29 LungM3 cancer cells by IVIS following treatment with PBS. This image include 5 mouse repeat for the sample. Reduced bioluminescence expression represents treatment of HT29 LungM3 tumors developed on lungs of mice. Images were taken in white light to image mice and bioluminesnce to image tumor cells.
Number of variables: 2
Variable List:
- Bioluminescence
- White light
File: Figure 5A_Scr-MC.tiff
Description: Raw and uncropped image of whole mouse bioluminescence expression from HT29 LungM3 cancer cells by IVIS following treatment with Scr-MC. This image include 5 mouse repeat for the sample. Reduced bioluminescence expression represents treatment of HT29 LungM3 tumors developed on lungs of mice. Images were taken in white light to image mice and bioluminesnce to image tumor cells.
Number of variables: 2
Variable List:
- Bioluminescence
- White light
File: Figure 5A_Sur-Gem-MC.tiff
Description: Raw and uncropped image of whole mouse bioluminescence expression from HT29 LungM3 cancer cells by IVIS following treatment with Sur-Gem-MC. This image include 5 mouse repeat for the sample. Reduced bioluminescence expression represents treatment of HT29 LungM3 tumors developed on lungs of mice. Images were taken in white light to image mice and bioluminesnce to image tumor cells.
Number of variables: 2
Variable List:
- Bioluminescence
- White light
File: Figure 5A_Sur-MC.tiff
Description: Raw and uncropped image of whole mouse bioluminescence expression from HT29 LungM3 cancer cells by IVIS following treatment with Sur-MC. This image include 5 mouse repeat for the sample. Reduced bioluminescence expression represents treatment of HT29 LungM3 tumors developed on lungs of mice. Images were taken in white light to image mice and bioluminesnce to image tumor cells.
Number of variables: 2
Variable List:
- Bioluminescence
- White light
File: Figure 5B.csv
Description: Quantification of fluorescence of lungs isolated from mice with GFP expression from HT29 LungM3 cancer cells by IVIS following treatment with RNA nanoparticle -micelles.
Number of metadata rows: 2
Number of header row: 1
Number of variables: 2
Number of rows: 7 (each row is animal repeat, followed by average and standard error)
Variable List:
- Sample name (Sur - survivin siRNA, 3WJ - three way junction, EpC - EpCAM RNA aptamer, MC - Micelle, Gem - Gemcitabine)
- Tumor repeat
File: Figure 5B.jpg
Description: Raw and uncropped image of GFP expression from HT29 LungM3 cells in lungs of mice. Mice were treated with RNA nanoparticle micelles, mice were sacrifice and lungs were disected. Fluoresence signal is GFP expression by tumor cells. Each row is a different RNA micelle sample with columns representing animal repeats.
Number of variables: 2
Variable Lists
- Animal Repeat number
- Sample name (abbreviations: Scr - Scramble siRNA, SS - single stranded, Gem - Gemcitabine, MC - micelle, Sur - survivin siRNA)
Number of samples (row): 7
- PBS
- Gem-MC
- Sur-MC
- Sur-Gem-MC
- Scr-MC
- 3WJ-Sur-EpC-MC
- 3WJ-Sur-Gem-EpC-MC
File: Figure 5C.csv
Description: Quantification of fluorescence of whole mouse with bioluminescence expression from HT29 LungM3 cancer cells by IVIS following treatment with RNA nanoparticle -micelles.
Number of metadata rows: 2
Number of header row: 1
Number of variables: 2
Number of rows: 7 (each row is animal repeat, followed by average and standard error)
Variable List:
- Sample name (Sur - survivin siRNA, 3WJ - three way junction, EpC - EpCAM RNA aptamer, MC - Micelle, Gem - Gemcitabine)
- Tumor repeat
Code/software
This data consists of images (.jpg, .tif, .tiff) that can be opened in any imaging software, and comma delimited (.csv) spreadsheets.
Synthesis of RNA-Micelles
RNA-micelles harboring gemcitabine and survivin siRNA were constructed using a one-pot single-step assembly. RNA strands were synthesized using a solid-phase synthesis and with commercially available phosphoramidite monomers of 2'-tBDSilyl Adenosine (n-bz) CED phosphoramidite as A, 2'-tBDSilyl Guanosine (n-ibu) CED phosphoramidite as G, N4-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-2',2'-difluorocytidine 3'-CE phosphoramidite (Gemcitabine amidite) to replace C, and 2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxy Uridine CED phosphoramidite (2’F-U) to replace U, all according to phosphoramidite provider protocols. Each double-stranded micelle consisted of two component strands: cholesterol-gemcitabine-sense siRNA and anti-sense siRNA. Each 3WJ-Micelle consisted of four component strands: 3WJ-A strand with gemcitabine and survivin-sense siRNA, anti-sense siRNA, 3WJ-B with cholesterol, and 3WJ-C with EpCAM RNA aptamer. Cholesterol was attached to the 3′-end of the sense siRNA strand or 3WJ-B strand by using the 3'-Cholesteryl-TEG CPG column, following Glen Research instructions. Cy5 or Alexa647 label was included into micelles through a 5'-Amino-Modifier onto the 5’ end of either the cholesterol-gemcitabine-sense siRNA strand or the 3WJ-B-chol strand and then reacted with either Cy5- or Alexa647-NHS ester. Conjugation reactions were carried out by mixing a 1:10 molar ratio of amine: NHS ester-fluorophore in 0.1 m sodium bicarbonate buffer, pH = 8.5. EDC HCL (EDC: Amine = 1:1) was added to the reaction as the catalyst. The conjugation reactions were incubated at room temperature for 16 h while protected from light, as previously described. Labeled RNA was purified from unlabeled strands using an ion-pair reverse-phase column HPLC system. The sequences of RNA strands can be found in the Supporting Information.
The two-component or four-component micelle strands were assembled into micelles through mixing at equal molar concentrations in TMS buffer or PBS buffer, followed by heating to 95 °C for 5 min and slowly cooling to 4 °C over the course of 90 min, as previously described.
Characterization of RNA-Micelles
RNA-micelles were assayed for formation via agarose gel electrophoresis using 2% Synergel, run at 100 V for 30 min using TAE buffer. The sizes and zeta potential of assembled RNA-micelles were measured by a Zetasizer nano-ZS. All RNA samples were measured at 10 µM diluted in PBS buffer at room temperature.
Ultracentrifugation
Both 5% and 20% of sucrose solutions were prepared using the TMS solution. 3 mL of the 5% solution was first added to the bottom of the centrifuge tube, and 3 mL of the 20% solution was then added to the bottom of the tube without disrupting the low-density solution at the top using a 5 mL syringe with a long tip needle. Caps were inserted at the top of the centrifuge tubes. A 5%–20% Sucrose gradient was made using the BioComp Gradient Master Model 106 gradient maker by spinning for 73 s at an angle of 86 degrees at 16 RPM. Caps were removed after the mixture, and the tubes were put into the buckets. RNA-Micelle samples were slowly pipetted on top of the prepared sucrose gradient. The buckets were balanced and secured onto the swinging bucket rotor (Beckman SW55 Ti). The rotor was placed into the ultracentrifuge machine (Beckman L-80 ultracentrifuge). The samples were ultracentrifuged at 40 000 rpm (200 000 G), overnight, at 40. The fractions were collected at an equal volume by putting a hole at the bottom. A five-time dilution was observed compared to the loading amount and the collected amount. The Cy5 signal on the RNA was measured by the BioTek Plate Reader by setting the excitation at 633 nm and the emission at 670 nm.
Cell Culture
HT29 and HT29 G-L LungM3 human colorectal cancer cell lines were maintained and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin, in a 37°C incubator under a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2.
In Vitro Proliferation Assay of RNA-Micelles via SRB Assay
HT29 cells were exposed to various RNA-micelles for 96 h in 10% FBS media at concentrations of 25 and 50 nm. In a separate group, HT29 cells underwent treatment with RNA-micelles for 180 min in 10% FBS media at concentrations of 200 and 500 nm. After treatment, the RNA-micelles were removed and replaced with fresh 10% FBS media. HCT116 cells were also treated with different RNA-micelles for 96 h in 10% FBS media at concentrations of 10 and 50 nm. Another group of HCT116 cells received treatment with RNA-micelles for 180 min in 10% FBS media at concentrations of 200 and 500 nm. Afterward, the RNA-micelles were removed and replaced with fresh media containing 10% FBS. The concentrations specified referred to gemcitabine final concentrations, and Sulforhodamine B measurements were performed according to the protocol of CytoScanTM SRB Cell Cytotoxicity Assay (G-Biosciences, Geno Technology Inc, St. Louis, MO, USA, #786-213).
In Vitro Binding of RNA-Micelles to CRC Cell Lines
HT29 and HCT116 cells were treated with Alexa647 labeled EpCAM RNA-micelles (3WJ-Sur-Epc-MC) for either 1 or 2 h at either 37°C or 4°C. Cells were fixed with 4% Paraformaldehyde (PFM) Aqueous Solution EM Grade (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, #15710) and analyzed by confocal microscopy (20x objective). Blue signal was from 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and magenta signal was from Alexa647 within 3WJ-Sur-Epc-MC.
In Vitro Knockdown of Genes by siRNA Micelle Verified via Confocal Microscopy
HT29 and HCT116 cells were treated with 3WJ-Sur-Epc-MC for 24 and 48 h and visualized for survivin knockdown by confocal microscopy (20x objective). Cells were incubated with survivin (71G4B7) rabbit monoclonal antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, #2808, 1:500) overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS, and incubated with VectaFluor Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies (red) for 30 min at 37°C in the dark. DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining was used to stain cell nuclei (blue).
In Vitro DNA Damage and Apoptosis Verification
HT29 and HCT116 cells were treated with RNA‑micelles (100 nm) in 10% FBS medium for assessment of γH2AX (Ser139) after 24 h and cleaved caspase‑3 after 48 h, then imaged on a 20× objective. Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature, washed with PBS, and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X‑100 in PBS for 10 min. After blocking with 5% horse serum in PBS for 30 min, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody (γH2AX (Ser139), Santa Cruz Biotechnology #sc‑517348, mouse monoclonal, 1:100; cleaved caspase‑3 (Asp175), Cell Signaling Technology #9579, rabbit monoclonal, 1:1500), washed with PBS, and incubated with the appropriate VectaFluor‑conjugated secondary antibody (anti‑mouse or anti‑rabbit, red) for 30 min at 37°C in the dark. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (4′,6‑diamidino‑2‑phenylindole) prior to mounting for confocal imaging.
In Vitro Knockdown of Genes by siRNA Micelle Verified via Immunoblotting
HT29 cells were seeded and allowed to grow overnight. Samples were first mixed with Lipofectamine 2000 and incubated for 15 min at room temperature. These mixtures were then added to each well in triplicate based on different final RNA concentrations. Gem-siRNA micelle, Gem-siRNA-DNAr Micelle (negative control), and Survivin-siRNA (positive control) were added to each well in triplicate at different RNA final concentrations of 50, 100, or 200 nm. After 48 h of incubation, all cells in the wells were collected, and cell lysates were prepared using RIPA buffer with protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Protein quantification was done using the Dc Protein Assay Kit. Equal amounts of protein were loaded, separated by SDS-PAGE, and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin in Tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween-20 (TBST) for 1 h at room temperature. Primary antibodies at a 1:5000 dilution were incubated overnight at 4°C. After three washes with TBST, the membranes were incubated with immunofluorescent secondary antibodies at a 1:20 000 dilution for 1 h at room temperature. Following three additional washes with TBST, the membranes were stained with SuperSignal West Pico PLUS Chemiluminescent Substrate for 5 min and imaged using the LI-COR Odyssey CLx Imaging System.
In Vivo Tumor Development
Eight-week-old female and male NOD. Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJNCr nude mice were obtained from Jackson Labs and housed in clean, pathogen-free conditions with controlled temperature (27°C), humidity, and a 12-hour light/dark cycle. The mice were provided with standard chow and tap water ad libitum and allowed to acclimate for one week. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Kentucky and were conducted in accordance with NIH guidelines for the care of laboratory animals. HT‑29 GFP‑Luc cells were generated by stable GFP expression from the EGFP‑N1 vector (Clontech) followed by luciferase transduction. GFP+ cells were selected with 500 µg/mL G418 (Life Technologies) and enriched by three rounds of FACS. Cells were then transduced with pre‑made pGL3 firefly luciferase lentivirus (Lentigen) at MOI 10 in the presence of 10 µg/mL polybrene and selected with 1 µg/mL puromycin.
The HT29 LungM3 line was generated by iterative in vivo selection for lung‑metastatic capability in immunodeficient mice. Metastatic nodules were aseptically harvested and transferred to complete culture medium containing 1× Gibco Antibiotic‑Antimycotic (15240‑062, Life Technologies). Tumor fragments were minced to ∼2 mm pieces and enzymatically dissociated in 5 mL McCoy's 5A serum‑free medium containing Liberase DH (50 µg/mL; final volume 100 µL enzyme stock) and Collagenase/Hyaluronidase (0.5×; final volume 250 µL) for 4 h at 37°C with gentle agitation. The resulting cell suspension was washed twice with complete medium and plated in McCoy's 5A supplemented with 10% FBS, 1× Gibco Antibiotic‑Antimycotic, and 100 µg/mL Primocin (ant‑pm‑1, InvivoGen). Cells expanded from these cultures were used for subsequent intravenous injections into recipient nude mice to continue selection for lung tropism.
HT29 cells were adapted to target the lungs through an initial IV injection, followed by harvesting lung metastases and re-injecting them into mice. This in vivo selection process was repeated three times to develop the HT29 G-L LungM3 cell line. HT29 G-L LungM3 tumor cells were injected iv into mice for lung metastasis development. The mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (2% in oxygen at a flow rate of 0.6 L/min) and injected with 1 × 106 cells suspended in 100 µL of PBS.
In Vivo Tumor Regression of CRC Metastasis Tumors
All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Kentucky and were conducted in accordance with guidelines issued by the National Institutes of Health for the care of laboratory animals. NOD. Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJNCr nude mice with confirmed HT29 G-L LungM3 tumors were treated with different samples (PBS, Gemcitabine-Micelle (Gem-MC), Survivin-Micelle (Sur-MC), Survivin-Gemcitabine-Micelle (Sur-Gem-MC), Scambled siRNA-Micelle (Scr-MC), EpCAM Survivin-Micelle (Sur-EpC-MC), and EpCAM Survivin-Gemcitabine-Micelle (Sur-Gem-Epc-MC) group) twice a week at a 1 mg/kg dose in 300 µL by tail-vein injection. Mice were treated a total of 6 times. On day 26, mice were euthanized and imaged for firefly luciferase bioluminescent signal and GFP signal with Lago SII. Luciferin, sodium salt (Gold Biotechnology; #LUCNA) was administered ip at a 150 mg/kg dose 8 min before imaging with Lago SII (Spectral Instruments Imaging). For ex vivo bioluminescent imaging, lungs were immersed in a luciferin solution at 15 mg/mL in DPBS for 5 min before imaging with Lago SII.
Statistics
The experiment was conducted a minimum of three times for each experiment sample tested. The results are reported as the mean value accompanied by the standard error of the mean (SEM), unless stated otherwise. Statistical analysis of mean differences was performed using GraphPad software, employing the unpaired t-test. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.
