Data from: Strength of alpha quartz: New results from high pressure in-situ deformation experiments
Data files
Mar 09, 2026 version files 1.06 GB
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README.md
13.54 KB
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SiO2_11_-dryad.zip
66.24 MB
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SiO2_15_dryad.zip
75.02 MB
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SIO2_16_-_dryad.zip
30.16 MB
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SIO2_17_-_dryad.zip
27.17 MB
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SiO2_21_-_dryad.zip
5.67 MB
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SiO2_31-_dryad.zip
55.11 MB
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SiO2_35_dryad.zip
65.67 MB
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SiO2_65_-_dryad.zip
466.28 MB
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SiO3_30_-_dryad.zip
161.82 MB
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UNLV_TOM_inclusions-blue-and-voids-eqdia.gif
103.46 MB
Abstract
We present a suite of 13 uniaxial deformation experiments on Arkansas novaculite conducted in D-DIA apparati, located at the Advanced Photon Source (6BMB) and the National Synchrotron Light Source (X17B2). The experiments were monitored with in-situ synchrotron x-rays and conducted at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 1199 °C, pressures between 1.39 GPa and 3.1 GPa, and strain rates between 1 × 10 -5 s -1 and 1 × 10 -6 s -1. Macroscopic sample strain ranges from 3% to 24%. d-spacings from the (101), (110), (200), (201), and (112) lattice planes produce lattice strain up to ~5%. The files here include diffraction data, radiographic images, and instrument logs tracking furnace parameters, oil pressures in the main ram and DDIA rams, and a variety of positional sensors for the DDIA apparatus. Combined with information published in the associated manuscript, the diffraction data may be reanalyzed as part of future studies examining the diffraction behavior of quartz being deformed at high temperature and pressure.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hqv
Description of the data and file structure
All experiments used Arkansas novaculite from the Ouachita Mountains, purchased from Ward’s Science. D-DIA experiments SiO2_11, 15, 16, 17, 21, 30, 31, & 35 were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory with the D-DIA installed in hutch X17B2. Experiments SiO2_65 S1-5 were conducted using the D-DIA installed in hutch 6BMB at the Argonne National Lab, Advanced Photon Source (APS).
After cold compression, samples were annealed at high temperature to produce a hydrostatic stress state prior to loading at rates of between 1.0 x 10 -5 to 1 x 10 -6 per second. For experiment SiO2_65, which used multiple deformation steps, the rams were retracted after each deformation experiment to produce a hydrostatic state in the sample before the next experiment was initiated. During deformation, white X-rays enter the sample assembly in a path perpendicular to the compressive direction. Diffracted x-rays then pass through a conical slit, which defines the 2θ angle of diffracted x-rays measured by an array of energy dispersive detectors. The space between lattice planes (d-spacing) is derived from a calibration of channel number vs d-spacing using an alumina calibration standard. Five60-second diffraction scans are taken from the sample and the alumina piston every ~10 to 12 minutes. While collecting diffraction from the sample, the DDIA is moved up and down continuously to increase the diffraction volume.
Thus, the data set contains .med files, which contain the diffraction spectra and images taken periodically. When viewed according to creation date, the list of files gives an outline of the experiment. Calibration files have the earliest times. The experimental data files proceed from there.
Files associated with each experiment are zipped together.
Files and variables
File: UNLV_TOM_inclusions-blue-and-voids-eqdia.gif
Description: This file contains a 3D tomographic rendering of the voids and inclusions in the starting material (Arkansas novaculite from the Ouachita Mountains, purchased from Ward’s Science). Metasedimentary compression direction is likely reflected by the elongated shape of voids. The equivalent diameter of pores is represented in red to yellow tones. High-density inclusions shown in blue lack preferred orientation but can be found within voids. The tomogram was collected at the Materials Science and Technology Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) using the Carl Zeiss Xradia 520 Versa instrument running Scout-and-Scan version 16.1 software. Radiographs were taken with a 6-second exposure time using a 4x objective lens. The polychromatic x-ray source was set to 60 kilovolt peak (kVp) and 5 watts. These conditions produced a resolution of 1.03 μm, determined by the voxel size. Radiograph files were analyzed by Brian M. Patterson of LANL using Avizo for Industrial Inspection (FEI). Starting material void and inclusion volumes were analyzed by voxel-sized slices and used to calculate a total percentage volume for the starting material.
File: SiO2_15_dryad.zip
Description: This file zip contains the synchrotron data files associated with SiO2_15. This consists of .med files, which contain the diffraction spectra, and .tif files for the radiographic images taken periodically. When viewed according to creation date, the list of files gives an outline of the experiment. Calibration files have the earliest times. The experimental data files proceed from there. .log files contain lines of data generated by the beamline software that list parameters like oil pressure, furnace power, and the x,y,z positions of various stages for the press and cameras. The log files contain a header describing the contents of each column.
File: SiO2_35_dryad.zip
Description: This file zip contains the synchrotron data files associated with SiO2_35. This consists of .med file, which contains the diffraction spect,ra and .tif files for the radiographic images taken periodically. When viewed according to creation date, the list of files gives an outline of the experiment. Calibration files have the earliest times. The experimental data files proceed from there. .log files contain lines of data generated by the beamline software that list parameters like oil pressure, furnace power, and the x,y,z positions of various stages for the press and cameras. The log files contain a header describing the contents of each column.
File: SIO2_17_-_dryad.zip
Description: This file zip contains the synchrotron data files associated with SiO2_17. This consists of .med files, which contain the diffraction spectra, and .tif files for the radiographic images taken periodically. When viewed according to creation date, the list of files gives an outline of the experiment. Calibration files have the earliest times. The experimental data files proceed from there. .log files contain lines of data generated by the beamline software that list parameters like oil pressure, furnace power, and the x,y,z positions of various stages for the press and cameras. The log files contain a header describing the contents of each column.
File: SIO2_16_-_dryad.zip
Description: This file zip contains the synchrotron data files associated with SiO2_16. This consists of .med files, which contain the diffraction spectra and .tif files for the radiographic images taken periodically. When viewed according to creation date, the list of files gives an outline of the experiment. Calibration files have the earliest times. The experimental data files proceed from there. .log files contain lines of data generated by the beamline software that list parameters like oil pressure, furnace power, and the x,y,z positions of various stages for the press and cameras. The log files contain a header describing the contents of each column.
File: SiO2_21_-_dryad.zip
Description: This file zip contains the synchrotron data files associated with SiO2_21. This consists of .med files, which contain the diffraction spectra. The camera system was broken during this run, so the length of the sample was recorded on strips of graph paper taped to the video monitor, which displayed the live image of the sample. These measurements are not preserved in our data files, but the resulting strains can be derived from plots in the manuscript. When viewed according to creation date, the list of diffraction files gives an outline of the experiment. Calibration files have the earliest times. The experimental data files proceed from there. .log files contain lines of data generated by the beamline software that list parameters like oil pressure, furnace power,r and the x,y,z positions of various stages for the press and cameras. The log files contain a header describing the contents of each column.
File: SiO2_65_-_dryad.zip
Description: This file zip contains the synchrotron data files associated with SiO2_65. This consists of .med files, es which contain the diffraction spectra, and .tif files for the radiographic images taken periodically. When viewed according to creation date, the list of files gives an outline of the experiment. Calibration files have the earliest times. The experimental data files proceed from there. This experiment has multiple deformation sequences and therefore contains a large number of files. .log files contain lines of data generated by the beamline software that list parameters like oil pressure, furnace power, and the x,y,z positions of various stages for the press and cameras. The log files contain a header describing the contents of each column.
File: SiO3_30_-_dryad.zip
Description: This file zip contains the synchrotron data files associated with SiO2_30. This consists of .med files, which contain the diffraction spectra, and .tif files for the radiographic images taken periodically. When viewed according to creation date, the list of files gives an outline of the experiment. Calibration files have the earliest times. The experimental data files proceed from there. .log files contain lines of data generated by the beamline software that list parameters like oil pressure, furnace power, and the x,y,z positions of various stages for the press and cameras. The log files contain a header describing the contents of each column.
File: SiO2_31-_dryad.zip
Description: This file zip contains the synchrotron data files associated with SiO2_31. This consists of .med files, which contain the diffraction spectra and .tif files for the radiographic images taken periodically. When viewed according to creation date, the list of files gives an outline of the experiment. Calibration files have the earliest times. The experimental data files proceed from there. .log files contain lines of data generated by the beamline software that list parameters like oil pressure, furnace power, and the x,y,z positions of various stages for the press and cameras. The log files contain a header describing the contents of each column.
File: SiO2_11_-dryad.zip
Description: This file zip contains the synchrotron data files associated with SiO2_11. This consists of ascii files which contain the diffraction spectra. The file type contains the sequence number ofthe diffraction file (e.g., .001, .002, .003 are the first three diffraction files). They are internally structured the same way as the diffraction files from other experiments. .tif files contain the radiographic images taken periodically during the experiment. When viewed according to creation date, the list of files gives an outline of the experiment. Calibration files have the earliest times. The experimental data files proceed from there. .log files contain lines of data generated by the beamline software that list parameters like oil pressure, furnace power, and the x,y,z positions of various stages for the press and cameras. The log files contain a header describing the contents of each column.
Code/software
With the exception of .tif files, all files are ascii and can be opened with any spreadsheet program. Diffraction files contain a header listing a variety of information about the time of data collection and, in most cases, x, y, and z positions of the stage and camera at the moment of data collection. The information in the header varies from experiment to experiment as beamline operations changed over time. The header does not contain information about the nature of the material in the X-ray beam; this can be derived by looking at the spectra. The critical part of these data files is the diffraction data, which occurs below the line "DATA" at the end of the header.
The diffraction data is organized into columns by detectorIn the early experiment, 4 columns were used,ed but once the 10-element detector was installed, the diffraction dataweres arrayed in 10 columns. In most cases, the 10th column contains no data as the 10th detector is usually shadowed by one of thenon-x-rayy transparent anvils.
Each detector's data is arranged by channel (from low energy to high energy). The number of X-rays detected in each channel is listed in the columns. The relationship between channel number and energy is derived from the calibration spectra collected at the start of the experiment. The calibration standard is fine-grained, high-purity Al2O3. A radioactive cobalt source is mounted adjacent to the detector to produce two energy lines that bracket the diffraction data. Pb fluorescence lines are also present in the spectra due to the presence of Pb shielding throughout the hutch and around the beam line. No other peaks are present in the calibration spectra. For most experiments, these calibration spectra are stored in 60-second accumulations and then summed to generate a single 20-second accumulation file, which is used to calculate the calibration.
The equation relating d spacing to channel number is:
D-spacing = [6.19927/((a0 x cn) + (a1 x cn^2) + (a2 x cn^3) +(a3 x cn^4))] x sin(0.017453293 x theta)
where cn = channel number, theta is the half angle of the diffraction cone, and a0 to a3 are constants. Theta and a0 - a3 are derived by minimizing the difference between the predicted position of the alumina diffraction lines and Co energy peaks and the observed peak positions.
The beam line software "Plot85" is typically used to perform the calibration and the analysis of the diffraction spectrum, but using the information about this, ve this can also be done using a spreadsheet or computer code.
The image files contain radiographs of the sample during the experiment, and in some cases as short "inner piston" made of fully dense Al2O3. Pt or Ni foil is used to mark the top and the bottom of the sample. The sample strain is determined from measurements of the distance between the foils during the experiment. ImageJ is useful for analyzing image data.
Access information
Other publicly accessible locations of the data:
- The data may be requested from the beamline staff at the Advanced Photon Source Sector 6 bending magnet hutch B (BMB) or by contacting the Mineral Physics Institute at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, which operates APS 6BMB and operated NSLS X17b2.