Discovery of an unidentified species of nicothoid copepod infesting cancrid crabs in Santa Barbara, California
Data files
Aug 13, 2025 version files 53.89 KB
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dissection_data.csv
5.33 KB
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egg_mass_data.csv
18.13 KB
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locations.csv
2.28 KB
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metadata.csv
16.19 KB
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README.md
11.96 KB
Aug 18, 2025 version files 53.92 KB
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dissection_data.csv
5.33 KB
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egg_mass_data.csv
18.13 KB
-
locations.csv
2.28 KB
-
metadata.csv
16.19 KB
-
README.md
11.98 KB
Abstract
A previously unobserved and potentially novel copepod egg predator (Nicothoidae cf. Choniosphaera sp.) was recently discovered in the egg masses and gills of three commercially important rock crab species (Metacarcinus anthonyi, Romaleon antennarium, and Cancer productus) along the Gaviota Coast of Southern California west of Santa Barbara. Nicothoid egg predators have never been observed in crabs along the Pacific coast of the Americas, despite extensive historical work on cancrid crab brood mortality caused by nemertean egg predators in the 1990s. This outbreak is a recent and possibly unique event. Female copepods appear highly modified, mimicking the coloration and globular shape of crab eggs. The copepods feed by puncturing a small hole in the shell of the crab egg, aborting the development of the embryo, and subsequently facilitating entry of microbial agents. We document high copepod prevalence in ovigerous crabs along the Santa Barbara coast. Lack of fishery management coupled with the geographical extent and host specificity of this potential threat to rock crab populations warrants further investigation.
Cells infilled with NA indicate that information is not applicable.
1. metadata.csv
- description: a CSV which contains the metadata collected for each individual crab collected and monitored during the duration of this study
- format: csv
- variables:
-
crab_id: the unique identification tag given to each individual crab and follows the structure below
- species (first three letters of species name)
- options include:
- Cancer anthonyi (Metacarcinus anthonyi): ANT
- Cancer productus: PRO
- Cancer antennarius (Romaleon antennarium): ATS
- location (first three letters of collection location)
- options include:
- Gaviota coast: GAV
- Unknown: UNK
- Alegria Beach: ALE
- Sripps: SIO
- Hendry’s Beach: HNE
- unique number (unique number starting with 001) for individuals that are NOT sexually mature females (i.e. males or immature females), the species name will be given a prefix of M for males and IF for immature females
- examples:
- sexually mature female Metacarcinus anthonyi from the Gaviota Coast: ANT-GAV-001
- sexually immature female Cancer productus from Alegria Beach: IFPRO-ALE-001
- male Romaleon antennarium from Gaviota Scripps: MATS-SIO-001
-
collection_date: the date that the individual was collected from the baited crab pot and brought into the lab for examination
- the date is formatted as MM/DD/YYYY
-
species: the species of rock crab
- options include:
- Cancer anthonyi (Metacarcinus anthonyi): cancer_anthonyi
- Cancer productus: cancer_productus
- Cancer antennarius (Romaleon antennarium): cancer_antennarius
- options include:
-
carapace_width: the length of the carapce in mm - measured using the standard practices outlined in The Light and Smith Manual by James Carlton
-
abdomen_width: the length of the abdomen in mm
- measured using the standard practices outlined in The Light and Smith Manual by James Carlton
-
sex: the sex of the individual - options include:
- sexually mature female: F
- immature female: IF
- male: M
-
gravid: the status of sexually mature females, either classified as gravid (yes) or not gravid (no) - options include:
- yes: Y
- no: N
- not applicable (for immature females IF or males M): NA
-
eds: the egg development stage (EDS) of the egg mass for gravid sexually mature females as outlined in the supplemental material (Appendix S1: Table S1) of the associated manuscript
- this is the EDS of the majority of the brood on the date of collection
-
location: the location of collection - options include:
- Gaviota coast: gaviota
- Unknown: unknown
- Alegria Beach: alegria
- Scripps: scripps
- Hendry’s Beach: hendrys
-
notes: these are notes about the general appearance and the prevalence of nicothoids upon initial examination
-
nico_date: the date that nicothoids were first identified infesting the individual - the date is formatted as MM/DD/YYYY
-
first_location: the first location that nicothoids were found infested the individual - options include:
- egg mass of gravid sexually mature females: eggs
- gill chamber: gills
- not applicable (nicothoids were not found): NA
-
dissected: was the individual dissected, yes or no - options include:
- yes
- no
-
nico_location: the locations which nicothoids were found infesting the individual - options include:
- ONLY the egg mass of gravid sexually mature females: egg_mass
- ONLY the gill chamber: gills
- BOTH the egg mass of gravid sexually mature females and the gill chamber: both
- nicothoids were not found infesting the individual: neither
- not applicable (died before examination or insufficient search effort): NA
-
ever_gravid: was the sexually mature female ever gravid during the duration of the observation, yes or no - options include:
- yes: Y
- no: N
- not applicable (for immature females IF or males M): NA
-
final_notes: these are final notes recoreded about the individual during the duration of the observation including if the individual died before examination, if the individual molted, or other notable features
-
analysis_status: whether or not the individual should be included in the analysis - options include:
- exclude from analysis (see final notes for justification): exclude
- include in analysis (blank):
-
2. dissection_data.csv
- description: a CSV which contains the dissection data collected for each individual dissection performed during the duration of this study
- format: csv
- variables:
-
dissection_id: the unique identificaiton tag given to each dissection and follows the structure below
- Dissection
- unique number (unique number starting with 001)
- example: the first dissection: Dissection-001
-
crab_id: the unique identifcation tag given to each indvidual crab and follows the structure below
- species (first three letters of species name)
- options include:
- Cancer anthonyi (Metacarcinus anthonyi): ANT
- Cancer productus: PRO
- Cancer antennarius (Romaleon antennarium): ATS
- location (first three letters of collection location)
- options include:
- Gaviota coast: GAV
- Unknown: UNK
- Alegria Beach: ALE
- Sripps: SIO
- Hendry’s Beach: HNE
- unique number (unique number starting with 001) for individuals that are NOT sexually mature females (i.e. males or immature females), the species name will be given a prefix of M for males and IF for immature females
- examples:
- sexually mature female Metacarcinus anthonyi from the Gaviota Coast: ANT-GAV-001
- sexually immature female Cancer productus from Alegria Beach: IFPRO-ALE-001
- male Romaleon antennarium from Gaviota Scripps: MATS-SIO-001”
-
sex: the sex of the individual
- options include:
- sexually mature female: F
- immature female: IF
- male: M
- options include:
-
species: the species of rock crab
- options include:
- Cancer anthonyi (Metacarcinus anthonyi): cancer_anthonyi
- Cancer productus: cancer_productus
- Cancer antennarius (Romaleon antennarium): cancer_antennarius
- options include:
-
date: the date of the dissection
- the date is formatted as MM/DD/YYYY
-
nico_count: the total count of larval nicothoids (the only life stage present in the gill chamber) found across the one gill removed and examined from the host
-
number_lamellae: the total count of lamallae found across the one gill removed and examined from the host
-
notes: these are general notes about the dissection and any significant findings
-
analysis_status: whether or not the individual should be included in the analysis - options include:
- exclude from analysis (see final notes for justification): exclude
- include in analysis (blank):
-
3. egg_mass_data.csv
- description: a CSV which contains the egg mass examination data collected for each crab monitored during the duration of this study
- format: csv
- variables:
-
trial_id: the unique identification tag given to each egg mass examination - egg mass examinations occurred during two investigations studying autoinfection and egg mass moratlity; therefore the naming follows the structure below
- investigation name
- options include:
- Autoinfection
- Mortality
- unique number (unique number starting with 001 for each investigation)
- examples:
- first autoinfection investigation: Autoinfection-001
- first egg mass mortality investigation: Mortality-001
-
crab_id: the unique identifcation tag given to each indvidual crab and follows the structure below
- species (first three letters of species name)
- options include:
- Cancer anthonyi (Metacarcinus anthonyi): ANT
- Cancer productus: PRO
- Cancer antennarius (Romaleon antennarium): ATS
- location (first three letters of collection location)
- options include:
- Gaviota coast: GAV
- Unknown: UNK
- Alegria Beach: ALE
- Sripps: SIO
- Hendry’s Beach: HNE
- unique number (unique number starting with 001) for individuals that are NOT sexually mature females (i.e. males or immature females), the species name will be given a prefix of M for males and IF for immature females
- examples:
- sexually mature female Metacarcinus anthonyi from the Gaviota Coast: ANT-GAV-001
- sexually immature female Cancer productus from Alegria Beach: IFPRO-ALE-001
- male Romaleon antennarium from Gaviota Scripps: MATS-SIO-001”
-
date: the date of the examination
- the date is formatted as MM/DD/YYYY
-
eds: the egg development stage (EDS) of the egg mass for gravid sexually mature females as outlined in the supplemental material (Appendix S1: Table S1) of the associated manuscript
- this is the EDS of the majority of the brood on the date of examination
-
day: the day in the developmental period of the host egg mass that corresponds to the date of the examination
- this is extrapolated based on known developmental periods for each species and the timeline of examinations and corresponding egg development stages (eds) records
-
pleopod_number: the numerical location of the pleopod from which the sample that was examined was removed prior to investigation
- the pleopods are numbered 1- 8 starting with the left posterior pleopod from the ventral view as number 1 and moving in a counterclockwise fashion increasing through the final pleopod, number 8
-
crab_eggs: the total number of crab eggs counted in the smaple during the examination
-
adult_nicos: the total number of adult nicothoid copepods counted in the sample during the examination
-
larval_nicos: the total number of larval nicothoid copepods counted in the sample during the examination
-
nico_eggs: the total number of nicothoid copepod eggs counted in the sample during the examination
-
nemerteans: the total number of nemertean worms counted in the sample during the examination
-
4. locations.csv
- description: a CSV which contains the egg mass examination data collected for each crab monitored during the duration of this study
- format: csv
- variables:
- family: the family of the copepod egg predator, nicothoidae
- genus: the genus of the copepod egg predator, choniosphaera
- species: the species of the copepod egg predator
- options include:
- Ch. cancrorum
- Ch. maenadis
- Ch. indica
- Ch. sp.
- options include:
- host_species: the Latin name of the host species which was infested by the egg predator copepod
- region: the country where the species of copepod egg predator was found
- subregion: the subregion of the country where the species of copepod egg predator was found
- location: the most precise location, a body of water, where the species of copepod egg predator was found
- longitude: the longitude for the most precise location for the copepod egg predator
- latitude: the latitude for the most precise location for the copepod egg predator
- year: the year of the discovery of this copepod egg predator on this particular host species
- author: the author of the corresponding paper
- host_group: the group of the host species, brachyura
- host_order: the order of the host species, decapoda
- paper: the paper corresponding to the first recording of this particular copepod egg predator on the various host species
- notes: these are notes about the status of the species within the genus
See publication supplemental documentation (Appendix S1) for full methods.
- Orli, Jaden E.; Lecuona, Sophia M.; Plewe, Gabrielle O. et al. (2025). Discovery of an unidentified species of nicothoid copepod infesting cancrid crabs in Santa Barbara, California. Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70263
