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Dryad

Establishing foundations: Designing a long-term experiment to evaluate whether nestboxes assist population recovery of an endangered species after fire

Abstract

The loss of hollow-bearing trees drives population declines of hollow-dependent species. Disturbances such as wildfire can exacerbate these declines. Artificial structures, like nestboxes, are a commonly used management tool that attempts to offset hollow loss. However, the effectiveness of nestboxes as a conservation strategy is rarely tested within an experimental framework. The endangered southern greater glider (Petauroides volans) is an obligate hollow-dependent arboreal marsupial that is highly sensitive to wildfire. Southern greater glider populations experienced high mortality and habitat loss following the 2019/2020 megafires in south-eastern Australia. To test whether purpose-built nestboxes could assist the post-fire population recovery of the southern greater glider, we established a long-term, landscape-scale experiment. We installed a total of 234 nestboxes at sites in East Gippsland (north-eastern Victoria) and Tallaganda (southern New South Wales). Nestbox sites were matched to control sites. We undertook spotlighting surveys in both study areas and installed camera traps at a subset of nestboxes. We observed southern greater gliders using nestboxes in both regions, with substantially more observations in Tallaganda. However, we did not find a significant difference in southern greater glider abundance between nestbox and control sites. In Tallaganda, we found more southern greater gliders in areas of lower fire severity. The longer-term outcomes of our study will inform the use of nestboxes as a tool to assist in the recovery of southern greater gliders following disturbance.