GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Title of Dataset: Smoothed monthly Greenland ice sheet elevation changes during 2003-2023
2. Author Information
   Shfaqat A. Khan*1, Helene Seroussi2, Mathieu Morlighem3, William Colgan4, Veit Helm5, Gong Cheng3, Danjal Berg1, Valentina R. Barletta1, Nicolaj K. Larsen6, William Kochtitzky7, Michiel van den Broeke8, Kurt H. Kjær6, Andy Aschwanden9, Brice Noël10, Jason E Box4, Joseph A. MacGregor11, Robert S. Fausto4, Kenneth D. Mankoff12,13, Ian M. Howat14, Kuba Oniszk1, Dominik Fahrner4, Anja Løkkegaard4, Eigil Y. H. Lippert1, Javed Hassan1

1*. DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
2. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
3. Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
4. Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Denmark
5. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
6. Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
7. School of Marine and Environmental Programs, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
8. Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
9. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
10. Laboratoire de Climatologie et Topoclimatologie, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
11. Cryospheric Sciences Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
12. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, 10025 USA
13. Autonomic Integra LLC, New York, NY, 10025 USA
14. Byrd Polar Research Center and School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

• corresponding author e-mail: abbas@space.dtu.dk

Date of data collection: 2003-2023

Geographic location of data collection: Greenland.

Funding sources that supported the collection of the data: NOVO Nordisk foundation grant no NNF23OC00807040

Recommended citation for this dataset: Khan, Shfaqat Abbas et al. (2024), Smoothed monthly Greenland ice sheet elevation changes during 2003-2023, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9dh

DATA & FILE OVERVIEW

(1) Our main products are Digital Elevation Model and gridded monthly time series of surface elevation change (in water equivalent). However, we also deliver surface elevation change (in ice equivalent). This allows users to convert ice to mass using their own model for e.g. firn compaction, GIA or elastic uplift. To make the data user friendly for the ice sheet modelling community, we deliver geoid model (often needed as input in numerical ice flow model).

File List:
File 1 Name: Greenland_geotiff_1kmgrid.zip
File 2 Name: Greenland_netcdf_1kmgrid.zip
File 3 Name: code_khan_essd.zip

file 1 format: NetCDF (monthly dh/dt data)
file 2 format: geotiff (mean dh/dt from 2003-2023)
file 3 format: Matlab code

File 1 content: This is a zip file that contains the following files.

Greenland_DEM_1kmgrid.nc (Digital Elevation Models)
Greenland_dhdt_elas_1kmgrid.nc (monthly elastic Vertical Land Motion)
Greenland_dhdt_elas_err_1kmgrid.nc (error associated with monthly elastic Vertical Land Motion)
Greenland_dhdt_firn_1kmgrid.nc (monthly firn compaction rate)
Greenland_dhdt_firn_err_1kmgrid.nc (error associated with monthly firn compaction rate)
Greenland_dhdt_GIA_1kmgrid.nc (Glacial Isostatic Uplift rates)
Greenland_dhdt_GIA_err_1kmgrid.nc (error associated with Glacial Isostatic Uplift rate)
Greenland_dhdt_icevol_1kmgrid.nc (Monthly Elevation changes (in ice equivalent))
Greenland_dhdt_icevol_err_1kmgrid.nc (error associated Monthly Elevation changes (in ice equivalent))
Greenland_dhdt_mass_1kmgrid.nc (Monthly Elevation changes (in water equivalent))
Greenland_dhdt_mass_err_1kmgrid.nc (error associated with Monthly Elevation changes (in water equivalent))
Greenland_geoid_1kmgrid.nc (geoid height)

Greenland_GIA_1kmgrid_DB Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) data for Greenland, provided on a 1 km resolution grid

Each file contain a header with information about data types.

File 2 content: same as file 1 but with geotiff format

Projection: all data files use WGS 84 / NSIDC Sea Ice Polar Stereographic North (EPSG:3413)

File 3: Matlab code.

netCDF2geotif.m
The file ”netCDF2geotif.m” contain a Matlab code to convert netcdf file into geotiff file.

ice2mass.m
The file ” ice2mass.m” convert the netcdf file “Greenland_dhdt_icevol_1kmgrid.nc”
from elevation changes in ice equivalent to water equivalent. Output file name is “Greenland_dhdt_mass_1kmgrid.nc”
The code ”ice2mass.m” apply correction due to firn compaction, elastic vertical land motion and glacial isostatic adjustment retrieved from the files “Greenland_dhdt_firn_1kmgrid.nc”, Greenland_dhdt_elas_1kmgrid.nc, and Greenland_dhdt_GIA_1kmgrid.nc.
Users may replace and use their own firn compaction model , elastic vertical land motion and glacial isostatic adjustment model. However, make sure the grid point align with the current input files.

RUN_fit_poly_ver1_final.m
The file “RUN_fit_poly_ver1_final.m” estimate the parameters from equation 2 to 4 from Khan et al. (2024) in ESSD. It uses input data file “input_data.txt” and the function “fit_poly.m”.

METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION

To estimate monthly mass changes of the GIS from January 2003 to August 2023 we have used (1) radar altimetry data from ESA’s Earth Explorer CryoSat-2 mission (Wingham et al., 2006) from November 2010 to August 2023, (2) radar altimetry data from ESA’s Environmental Satellite (Envisat) data from August 2002 to March 2012, (3) laser altimetry data from Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation/Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (ICESat/GLAS) data from February 2003 to September 2009 (Zwally et al., 2014), (4) laser altimetry data from Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) data from October 2018 to August 2023 (Smith et al., 2021), and (5) laser altimetry data from NASA’s Operation IceBridge Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) flights from April 2002 to April 2019 (Studinger et al., 2020).

Smith, B., B. M. Adusumilli, D. Csathó, H. A. Felikson, A. Fricker, N. Gardner, J. L. Holschuh, F. S. Paolo, M. R. Siegfried, and T. S. a. t. I.-S. Team (2021), ATLAS/ICESat-2 L3A Land Ice Height, , Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, 5, doi:https://doi.org/10.5067/ATLAS/ATL06.005.

Studinger, M. (2020), Updated 2020. IceBridge ATM L2 icessn elevation, slope, and roughness, version 2, Boulder, Colorado, USA, NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, doi:https://doi.org/10.5067/CPRXXK3F39RV.

Wingham, D. J., et al. (2006), CryoSat: A mission to determine the fluctuations in Earth’s land and marine ice fields, Advances in Space Research, 37(4), 841-871, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.07.027.

Zwally, H. J., R. Schutz, J. C. Bentley, T. Bufton, J. Herring, J. S. Minster, and R. Thomas (2014), GLAS/ICESat L2 Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheet Altimetry Data, Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, Version 34, doi:https://doi.org/10.5067/ICESAT/GLAS/DATA225.