Monitoring of insecticide resistance and transcriptomic analysis of detoxification gene expression in field populations of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, in China
Data files
Sep 22, 2026 version files 20.72 KB
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Mortality_data_（Chaling).csv
2.01 KB
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Mortality_data_（Ganxian).csv
2.06 KB
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Mortality_data_（Gutian).csv
2.04 KB
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Mortality_data_（Huichang).csv
1.20 KB
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Mortality_data_（Lingchuan).csv
1.21 KB
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Mortality_data_（Nanfeng).csv
1.28 KB
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Mortality_data_（Quanzhou).csv
1.20 KB
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Mortality_data_（Reference_strain).csv
1.22 KB
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Mortality_data_（Xinning).csv
1.30 KB
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Mortality_data_（Xinyu).csv
1.23 KB
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Mortality_data_（Yudu).csv
2.05 KB
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README.md
3.91 KB
Abstract
Diaphorina citri is one of the most destructive pests to global citrus production. Chemical control through insecticide application has traditionally served as the primary intervention strategy for suppressing D. citri populations. However, recent field observations indicated diminishing efficacy of several commonly insecticides against this pest, suggesting potential resistance development. This investigation aims to evaluate insecticide resistance profiles in D. citri populations collected from various Chinese citrus-growing provinces and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study revealed variable insecticide resistance profiles across ten field populations of D. citri. The Ganxian population displayed low to moderate resistance to thiamethoxam (RR₅₀=5.52), imidacloprid (RR₅₀=7.39), and chlorpyrifos (RR₅₀=10.70), while the Nanfeng population remained largely susceptible to most insecticides, exhibiting only very low chlorpyrifos resistance (RR₅₀=2.34). Chlorpyrifos resistance was most pronounced in the Huichang population (RR₅₀=15.93). Nine field populations showed very low to low resistance to thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, while all populations demonstrated minimal resistance to dinotefuran, clothianidin, and lambda-cyhalothrin. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the resistant Ganxian population related to xenobiotic metabolism pathways. Notably, 19 cytochrome P450 genes, three glutathione S-transferase genes, and one UDP-glycosyltransferase gene were significantly overexpressed compared to the susceptible Nanfeng population. Field populations of D. citri across the citrus-growing regions of China have developed varying levels of resistance to organophosphates, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids, with enhanced metabolic detoxification mechanisms playing a significant role in resistance development. These findings provide crucial insights for developing effective insecticide resistance management strategies to sustain chemical control efficacy against D. citri.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1ps
Description of the data and file structure
This study evaluated the indoor toxicity of six insecticides (dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and chlorpyrifos) against a pest insect (Diaphorina citri) collected from ten distinct regions across three major citrus-producing provinces in China. The leaf-dip method was used for bioassays. For each concentration, 30 individuals were treated with three replicates. Mortality was recorded 24 hours post-treatment. Observed mortality, mean mortality, and corrected mortality (using Abbott’s formula) were calculated for each concentration. The data were used to construct toxicity regression curves and estimate LC50 values.
Files and variables
File:
- Mortality_data_（Ganxian).csv – Raw mortality data from insecticide bioassays for the Ganxian field population of Diaphorina citri.
- Mortality_data_（Chaling).csv – Raw mortality data for the Chaling population.
- Mortality_data_（Gutian).csv – Raw mortality data for the Gutian population.
- Mortality_data_（Huichang).csv – Raw mortality data for the Huichang population.
- Mortality_data_（Lingchuan).csv – Raw mortality data for the Lingchuan population.
- Mortality_data_（Nanfeng).csv – Raw mortality data for the Nanfeng population.
- Mortality_data_（Quanzhou).csv – Raw mortality data for the Quanzhou population.
- Mortality_data_（Reference_strain).csv – Raw mortality data for the reference strain.
- Mortality_data_（Xinning).csv – Raw mortality data for the Xinning population.
- Mortality_data_（Xinyu).csv – Raw mortality data for the Xinyu population.
- Mortality_data_（Yudu).csv – Raw mortality data for the Yudu population.
Abbreviations:
LC50 – Median lethal concentration RR50 – Resistance ratio at LC50 CK – Reference strain (control)
Description:
Variables
- Insecticides: Name of the insecticide tested (dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos)
- Concentrations: Applied concentration (mg/L)
- Number tested (n): Number of individuals tested per replicate (constant = 30)
- Number dead (r1): Number of dead individuals in replicate 1
- Number dead (r2): Number of dead individuals in replicate 2
- Number dead (r3): Number of dead individuals in replicate 3
- Observed mortality (%)_rep1: Mortality percentage in replicate 1 (%) = (r1 / n_total) × 100
- Observed mortality (%)_rep2: Mortality percentage in replicate 2 (%) = (r2 / n_total) × 100
- Observed mortality (%)_rep3: Mortality percentage in replicate 3 (%) = (r3 / n_total) × 100
- Observed mortality (%)_mean: Mean mortality percentage across three replicates (%)
- corrected_mortality (%)_rep1: Mortality corrected using Abbott’s formula in replicate 1 (%)
- corrected_mortality (%)_rep2: Mortality corrected using Abbott’s formula in replicate 2 (%)
- corrected_mortality (%)_rep3: Mortality corrected using Abbott’s formula in replicate 3 (%)
- corrected_mortality (%)_mean: Mean mortality percentage across three replicates (%)
- "NA" indicates not applicable data.
- Nanfeng, Lingchuan, Huichang, Quanzhou, and the reference strain do not include corrected_mortality because no mortality was recorded in the control (CK).
Code/software
Toxicity regression analysis was performed using POLO-PLUS (version 2.0, LeOra Software). Probit analysis was applied to estimate LC50 values and their 95% confidence intervals. No custom code or input files are provided. The analysis was performed using the software’s built-in functions with the default parameters.