Data from: Seasonal patterns in B-vitamins and cobalamin co-limitation in the Northwest Atlantic
Data files
Sep 02, 2025 version files 49.41 KB
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LO-24-0698_Manuscript_Data_BIA_FALL.csv
634 B
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LO-24-0698_Manuscript_Data_BIA_SPRING.csv
1.26 KB
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LO-24-0698_Manuscript_Data_DISSOLVED.csv
19.79 KB
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LO-24-0698_Manuscript_Data_PARTICULATE.csv
23.52 KB
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README.md
4.22 KB
Abstract
B-vitamins are important co-enzymes that have long been hypothesized to play key roles in marine ecosystems. However, environmental measurements remain scarce, which limits our understanding of their potential impact. Here, we present mass spectrometry-based measurements of B-vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12) and related vitamers along a transect in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, in both particulate phase and dissolved in seawater, seasonally over 5 years. We then couple these data with targeted investigations of the impact of B12 (cobalamin) on phytoplankton growth. We show that these metabolites are present at femto to pico-molar concentrations and demonstrate that season explains most variance in particulate phase B-vitamins but not dissolved, offering further evidence that metabolite inventories in these two phases are often decoupled. We find positive correlations between particulate organic carbon with particulate B1 and B3, and between chlorophyll a and particulate B2 and DMB in fall but not spring, indicating unique seasonal drivers of vitamin inventories. Of all measured vitamins, only cobalamin was enriched in the particulate over dissolved phase, predominantly in spring. We documented nitrogen and cobalamin co-limitation of phytoplankton growth during spring bloom decline, when dissolved cobalamin is seemingly drawn down, but not during fall, when dissolved cobalamin concentrations remain elevated. These seasonal differences may be underpinned by the increased importance of cobalamin remodeling and recycling during the fall. This study provides insights into the absolute concentrations, stoichiometry, and variability of B-vitamins in the ocean and offers evidence that cobalamin exerts seasonally-varying controls on Northwest Atlantic marine ecosystems.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sbcc2frkc
Seasonal patterns in B-vitamins and cobalamin co-limitation in the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: C. Bannon, P. L. White, E. Rowland, K. J. More, A. Gleason, M. Roberts, E. Devred, L. Beazley, J. LaRoche, E. Bertrand
Corresponding Author: Dr. Erin Bertrand
Date of Data Collection: 2016–2020
Location: Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Description
This dataset supports the findings of the above study, which investigates the distributions and ecological roles of dissolved and particulate B-vitamins and other related biochemical parameters in coastal marine environments. Data were collected during research cruises and bottle incubation experiments on and off the continental shelf.
Files and variables
File 1: LO-24-0698_Manuscript_Data_PARTICULATE.csv
Content: Measurements of particulate B-vitamin and organic nutrient concentrations collected as part of the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP). Missing values are represented as blank cells or NA.
Columns include:
- Sampling metadata: station (HL_01, HL_02, HL_03, HL_04, HL_05, HL_05.5, HL_06, HL_07, HL_08, HL_09, HL_10, HL_11, HL_12) latitude, longitude, year (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020), month, day, time (HHMM), season (fall or spring), location, (on-shelf, off-shelf - see publication), depth (m), depth group (surface, photic, deep - see publication)
- Environmental and nutrient measurements: salinity, temperature (°C), chlorophyll a (mg/m3), nitrate (mmol/m3), nitrite (mmol/m3), ammonium (mmol/m3), phosphate (mmol/m3)
- B-vitamin concentrations: B1 (pM), HET (pM), HMP (pM), B2 (pM), Niacinamide (pM), OH-B12 (pM), Ado-B12 (pM), Me-B12 (pM), CN-B12 (pM), DMB (pM)
- Organic matter metrics: particulate organic carbon (µg/L), particulate organic nitrogen (µg/L)
File 2: LO-24-0698_Manuscript_Data_DISSOLVED.csv
Content: Dissolved vitamin concentrations and chemical parameters from water samples at multiple depths and seasons.
Columns include:
- Metadata: location (off-shelf, on-shelf - see publication), year (2016, 2017, 2018, 2020), month, day, time (HHMM), depth (m), depth group (surface, photic, deep - see publication), station (HL_01, HL_02, HL_03, HL_03.3, HL_04, HL_05, HL_05.5, HL_06, HL_07, HL_08, HL_09, HL_10), season (fall, spring), latitude, longitude
- Environmental and nutrient measurements: salinity, temperature (°C), chlorophyll a (mg/m3), nitrate (mmol/m3), nitrite (mmol/m3), ammonium (mmol/m3), phosphate (mmol/m3)
- B-vitamin concentrations: HET (pM), HMP (pM), FAMP (pM), B2 (pM), Niacin (pM), B6 (pM), OH-B12 (pM), CN-B12 (pM), DMB (pM)
File 3: LO-24-0698_Manuscript_Data_BIA_SPRING.csv
Content: Results from spring incubation experiments testing nutrient and vitamin addition effects on microbial communities.
Columns include:
- Incubation metadata: Date (month, day, year), Day (0, 4), Treatment (t0 = time zero, control = no nutrients added, B12 = B12 spiked, NO3 = nitrogen spiked, NO3+B12 = nitrogen and B12 spiked), Replicate (A, B, C)
- Microbial abundances: Non-photosynthetic bacteria (cells per mL), Total photosynthetic eukaryotes (cells per mL), Synechococcus (cells per mL), Photosynthetic eukaryotes <3 µm (cells per mL), Photosynthetic eukaryotes >3 µm to <10 µm (cells per mL), Photosynthetic eukaryotes >10 µm (cells per mL), Chl a (µg per L)
File 4: LO-24-0698_Manuscript_Data_BIA_FALL.csv
Content: Data from fall incubation experiments.
Columns include:
- Incubation metadata: Date (month, day, year), Day (5), Treatment (control = no nutrients added, B12 = B12 spiked, NO3 = nitrogen spiked, NO3+B12 = nitrogen and B12 spiked), Replicate (A, B, C, D)
- Chlorophyll concentrations: Chl a (µg per L)
File Format
File type: .csv
Software required: Microsoft Excel, LibreOffice Calc, or any spreadsheet program supporting .csv files.
Citation
If you use this dataset, we encourage you to cite the related article.