Data from: Associations between Pyrethroid insecticide concentrations and dyslipidemia: Findings from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort
Data files
Jul 29, 2026 version files 1.67 MB
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code0725.R
192.06 KB
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data132.csv
9.75 KB
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data1327.csv
77.05 KB
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data148.csv
10.95 KB
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data204.csv
15.04 KB
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data3135.csv
311.35 KB
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data318.csv
23.45 KB
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data3657.csv
363.16 KB
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data3666.csv
341.91 KB
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data713.csv
116.51 KB
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data762.csv
56.26 KB
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data822.csv
134.34 KB
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README.md
20.37 KB
Abstract
Pyrethroids are widely used insecticides worldwide, yet their effects on dyslipidemia remain incompletely understood. Our study quantified serum concentrations of seven parent pyrethroids in participants from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort and evaluated both cross-sectional and prospective associations with lipid levels and dyslipidemia. In cross-sectional analyses, higher serum concentrations of fenvalerate and deltamethrin were consistently associated with increased odds of dyslipidemia and its subtypes, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperbetalipoproteinemia, whereas cyfluthrin was associated with higher odds of hypertriglyceridemia. Prospective analyses revealed that higher baseline serum concentrations of fenvalerate were associated with annual increases in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as elevated risk of incident hypertriglyceridemia. Mixture analyses identified fenvalerate as an important contributor in several dyslipidemia subtype models. These findings suggest that pyrethroid exposure, particularly fenvalerate, may contribute to dyslipidemia and highlight the need for further mechanistic investigation and risk evaluation.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.sj3tx96ks
Description of the data and file structure
To meet Dryad’s human subject data guidelines that cap indirect identifiers at three variables, only age group, gender, and BMI are retained in this public dataset, with other demographic covariates excluded. Researchers who need the full original dataset containing all covariates may send an email to the corresponding author for access requests. Limited by privacy protection requirements, only core covariates are archived here. All complete multivariable model results are available in the published manuscript.
This dataset includes a total of 11 CSV files and one R script:
data3666.csv: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for all participants.
data3657.csv: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for participants with complete lipid measurement data.
data3135.csv: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for participants who did not use lipid-lowering medications and had complete lipid measurement data.
data1327.csv: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for participants without baseline dyslipidemia.
data822.csv: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for participants with both baseline and follow-up lipid measurements.
data713.csv: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics and biochemical indicators for participants who did not use lipid-lowering medications and had both baseline and follow-up lipid measurements.
data762.csv: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for incident dyslipidemia cases and their matched controls.
data318.csv: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for incident hypercholesterolemia cases and their matched controls.
data204.csv: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for incident hypertriglyceridemia cases and their matched controls.
data148.csv: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for incident hyperbetalipoproteinemia cases and their matched controls.
data132.csv: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrationdemographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for incident hypoalphalipoproteinemia cases and their matched controls.
code0725.R: Reproducible R script implementing statistical analyses described in the manuscript.
Files and variables
File: data132.csv
Description: Nested case-control subset for incident hypoalphalipoproteinemia
Variables
- Cyfluthrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of cyfluthrin.
- Fenvalerate_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of fenvalerate.
- Deltamethrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of deltamethrin.
- age_group: 5-year categorical age brackets of participants (e.g., 20–25, 25–30)
- Gender: Sex of participants (1=male, 2=female)
- BMI: Body mass index of participants (kg/m²)
- hypo_HDL_2018: Incident hypoalphalipoproteinemia outcome (0=no, 1=yes)
- match_id: Matching ID for nested case-control pairs. All private information is anonymized, and it cannot be used to identify study subjects.
- Fenvalerate_T: Tertile grouping of fenvalerate concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
- Deltamethrin_T: Tertile grouping of deltamethrin concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
- Cyfluthrin_T: Tertile grouping of cyfluthrin concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
File: data148.csv
Description: Nested case-control subset for incident hyperbetalipoproteinemia
Variables
- Cyfluthrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of cyfluthrin.
- Fenvalerate_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of fenvalerate.
- Deltamethrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of deltamethrin.
- age_group: 5-year categorical age brackets of participants (e.g., 20–25, 25–30)
- Gender: Sex of participants (1=male, 2=female)
- BMI: Body mass index of participants (kg/m²)
- hyper_LDL_2018: Incident hyperbetalipoproteinemia outcome (0=no, 1=yes)
- match_id: Matching ID for nested case-control pairs. All private information is anonymized, and it cannot be used to identify study subjects.
- Fenvalerate_T: Tertile grouping of fenvalerate concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
- Deltamethrin_T: Tertile grouping of deltamethrin concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
- Cyfluthrin_T: Tertile grouping of cyfluthrin concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
File: data204.csv
Description: Nested case-control subset for incident hypertriglyceridemia
Variables
- Cyfluthrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of cyfluthrin.
- Fenvalerate_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of fenvalerate.
- Deltamethrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of deltamethrin.
- age_group: 5-year categorical age brackets of participants (e.g., 20–25, 25–30)
- Gender: Sex of participants (1=male, 2=female)
- BMI: Body mass index of participants (kg/m²)
- hyper_TG_2018: Incident hypertriglyceridemia outcome (0=no, 1=yes)
- match_id: Matching ID for nested case-control pairs. All private information is anonymized, and it cannot be used to identify study subjects.
- Fenvalerate_T: Tertile grouping of fenvalerate concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
- Deltamethrin_T: Tertile grouping of deltamethrin concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
- Cyfluthrin_T: Tertile grouping of cyfluthrin concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
File: data762.csv
Description: Nested case-control subset for incident dyslipidemia
Variables
- Cyfluthrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of cyfluthrin.
- Fenvalerate_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of fenvalerate.
- Deltamethrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of deltamethrin.
- age_group: 5-year categorical age brackets of participants (e.g., 20–25, 25–30)
- Gender: Sex of participants (1=male, 2=female)
- BMI: Body mass index of participants (kg/m²)
- hyperlipidemia_new_2018: Incident overall dyslipidemia outcome (0=no, 1=yes)
- match_id: Matching ID for nested case-control pairs. All private information is anonymized, and it cannot be used to identify study subjects.
- Fenvalerate_T: Tertile grouping of fenvalerate concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
- Deltamethrin_T: Tertile grouping of deltamethrin concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
- Cyfluthrin_T: Tertile grouping of cyfluthrin concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
File: data318.csv
Description: Nested case-control subset for incident hypercholesterolemia
Variables
- Cyfluthrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of cyfluthrin.
- Fenvalerate_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of fenvalerate.
- Deltamethrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of deltamethrin.
- age_group: 5-year categorical age brackets of participants (e.g., 20–25, 25–30)
- Gender: Sex of participants (1=male, 2=female)
- BMI: Body mass index of participants (kg/m²)
- hyper_TC_2018: Incident hypercholesterolemia outcome (0=no, 1=yes)
- match_id: Matching ID for nested case-control pairs. All private information is anonymized, and it cannot be used to identify study subjects.
- Fenvalerate_T: Tertile grouping of fenvalerate concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
- Deltamethrin_T: Tertile grouping of deltamethrin concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
- Cyfluthrin_T: Tertile grouping of cyfluthrin concentrations (T1 = lowest exposure tertile, T2 = medium exposure tertile, T3 = highest exposure tertile)
File: data3657.csv
Description: serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, cs and biochemical indicators for participants with complete lipid data.
Variables
- hyper_TC: Baseline hypercholesterolemia status (0=no, 1=yes)
- hyper_TG: Baseline hypertriglyceridemia status (0=no, 1=yes)
- hyper_LDL: Baseline hyperbetalipoproteinemia status (0=no, 1=yes)
- hypo_HDL: Baseline hypoalphalipoproteinemia status (0=no, 1=yes)
- Fenpropathrin_detected: Binary indicator for detectable fenpropathrin (0 = below LOD; 1 = detectable)
- Permethrin_detected: Binary indicator for detectable permethrin (0 = below LOD; 1 = detectable)
- Cyfluthrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of cyfluthrin.
- Fenvalerate_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of fenvalerate.
- Deltamethrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of deltamethrin.
- age_group: 5-year categorical age brackets of participants (e.g., 20–25, 25–30)
- Gender: Sex of participants (1=male, 2=female)
- BMI: Body mass index of participants (kg/m²)
- TC13: Serum total cholesterol concentration at baseline (mmol/L)
- TG13: Serum triglyceride concentration at baseline (mmol/L)
- LDL13: Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration at baseline (mmol/L)
- HDL13: Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration at baseline (mmol/L)
- Total_serum_lipids_mg_dL: Calculated total serum lipid level derived from TC and TG concentrations (mg/dL)
File: data1327.csv
Description: serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators of individuals without dyslipidemia at baseline.
Variables
- Cyfluthrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of cyfluthrin.
- Fenvalerate_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of fenvalerate.
- Deltamethrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of deltamethrin.
- age_group: 5-year categorical age brackets of participants (e.g., 20–25, 25–30)
- Gender: Sex of participants (1=male, 2=female)
- BMI: Body mass index of participants (kg/m²)
File: data3666.csv
Description: serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators of all enrolled study participants.
Variables
- Fenpropathrin_detected: Binary indicator for detectable fenpropathrin (0 = below LOD; 1 = detectable)
- Permethrin_detected: Binary indicator for detectable permethrin (0 = below LOD; 1 = detectable)
- Cyfluthrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Cyfluthrin.
- Fenvalerate_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Fenvalerate.
- Deltamethrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Deltamethrin.
- age_group: 5-year categorical age brackets of participants (e.g., 20–25, 25–30)
- Gender: Sex of participants
- BMI: Body mass index of participants (kg/m²)
- TC13: Serum total cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
- TG13: Serum triglyceride concentration (mmol/L)
- LDL13: Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
- HDL13: Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
- hyperlipidemia_new: dyslipidemia at baseline (0=no, 1=yes)
- Total_serum_lipids_mg_dL: Total lipids calculated using TC and TG concentrations (mg/dL)
File: data3135.csv
Description: serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators of all enrolled study participants.
Variables
- hyper_TC: Baseline hypercholesterolemia status (0=no, 1=yes)
- hyper_TG: Baseline hypertriglyceridemia status (0=no, 1=yes)
- hyper_LDL: Baseline hyperbetalipoproteinemia status (0=no, 1=yes)
- hypo_HDL: Baseline hypoalphalipoproteinemia status (0=no, 1=yes)
- Fenpropathrin_detected: Binary indicator for detectable fenpropathrin (0 = below LOD; 1 = detectable)
- Permethrin_detected: Binary indicator for detectable permethrin (0 = below LOD; 1 = detectable)
- Cyfluthrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Cyfluthrin.
- Fenvalerate_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Fenvalerate.
- Deltamethrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Deltamethrin.
- age_group: 5-year categorical age brackets of participants (e.g., 20–25, 25–30)
- Gender: Sex of participants
- BMI: Body mass index of participants (kg/m²)
- TC13: Serum total cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
- TG13: Serum triglyceride concentration (mmol/L)
- LDL13: Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
- HDL13: Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
- Total_serum_lipids_mg_dL: Total lipids calculated using TC and TG concentrations (mg/dL)
File: data822.csv
Description: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for participants with both baseline and follow-up lipid data.
Variables
- change_TC5: Time-adjusted change in serum total cholesterol calculated based on individual follow-up duration (mmol/L/year)
- change_TG5: Time-adjusted change in serum triglyceride calculated based on individual follow-up duration (mmol/L/year)
- change_LDL5: Time-adjusted change in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol calculated based on individual follow-up duration (mmol/L/year)
- change_HDL5: Time-adjusted change in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol calculated based on individual follow-up duration (mmol/L/year)
- change_TL5: Time-adjusted change in Total lipids calculated based on individual follow-up duration (mg/dL/year)
- Total_serum_lipids_mg_dL_13: Total lipids calculated using TC and TG concentrations at baseline (mg/dL)
- followupyear: Duration of follow-up time in years for each study participant.
- Fenpropathrin_detected: Binary indicator for detectable fenpropathrin (0 = below LOD; 1 = detectable)
- Permethrin_detected: Binary indicator for detectable permethrin (0 = below LOD; 1 = detectable)
- Cyfluthrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Cyfluthrin.
- Fenvalerate_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Fenvalerate.
- Deltamethrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Deltamethrin.
- age_group: 5-year categorical age brackets of participants (e.g., 20–25, 25–30)
- Gender: Sex of participants
- BMI: Body mass index of participants (kg/m²)
- TC13: Serum total cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
- TG13: Serum triglyceride concentration (mmol/L)
- LDL13: Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
- HDL13: Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
File: data713.csv
Description: Contains serum pyrethroid concentrations, demographic characteristics, and biochemical indicators for participants who did not take lipid-lowering medications and had both baseline and follow-up lipid data.
Variables
- change_TC5: Time-adjusted change in serum total cholesterol calculated based on individual follow-up duration (mmol/L/year)
- change_TG5: Time-adjusted change in serum triglyceride calculated based on individual follow-up duration (mmol/L/year)
- change_LDL5: Time-adjusted change in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol calculated based on individual follow-up duration (mmol/L/year)
- change_HDL5: Time-adjusted change in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol calculated based on individual follow-up duration (mmol/L/year)
- change_TL5: Time-adjusted change in Total lipids calculated based on individual follow-up duration (mg/dL/year)
- Total_serum_lipids_mg_dL_13: Total lipids calculated using TC and TG concentrations at baseline (mg/dL)
- followupyear: Duration of follow-up time in years for each study participant.
- Fenpropathrin_detected: Binary indicator for detectable fenpropathrin (0 = below LOD; 1 = detectable)
- Permethrin_detected: Binary indicator for detectable permethrin (0 = below LOD; 1 = detectable)
- Cyfluthrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Cyfluthrin.
- Fenvalerate_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Fenvalerate.
- Deltamethrin_int: Inverse normal transformed serum concentration of Deltamethrin.
- age_group: 5-year categorical age brackets of participants (e.g., 20–25, 25–30)
- Gender: Sex of participants
- BMI: Body mass index of participants (kg/m²)
- TC13: Serum total cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
- TG13: Serum triglyceride concentration (mmol/L)
- LDL13: Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
- HDL13: Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (mmol/L)
File: code0725.R
Description: Reproducible R script for all data processing and statistical analyses reported in the manuscript.
Code/software
Statistical analyses were conducted using R 4.4.2 via the script code0725.R. Required core packages include tidyverse, survival, rms, and i for data preprocessing, conditional logistic regression, restricted cubic spline modeling, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) reliability analysis. All raw CSV datasets can be opened with standard spreadsheet software. This script fully reproduces all analyses reported in the manuscript.
Human subjects data
- Participant Consent
All enrolled participants signed formal written informed consent documents. The consent clearly authorizes researchers to share anonymized research data in public open-access databases solely for scientific research purposes. - Data De-identification Procedures
We fully de-identified the dataset in accordance with Dryad Human Subjects Data Guidelines and the standards of our institutional ethics committee prior to submission:
(1) Elimination of direct identifiers: All variables capable of directly identifying individual participants were completely removed, including full names, unique ID numbers, exact physical examination dates, hospital visit timestamps, residential districts and detailed residential addresses.
(2) Age recoding: Original continuous exact age values were recoded into 5-year categorical brackets (e.g., 20–25, 25–30, 30–35) to eliminate precise single-year age information.
(3) Restriction on indirect identifiers: Dryad mandates that no more than three indirect identifiers may be retained. We only kept three essential indirect variables: categorized age group, gender, and BMI. Covariates including smoking status, drinking status and education status were completely deleted from the dataset to mitigate the risk of re-identification via variable combinations.
(4) Removal of extra sensitive identifiers: The final dataset contains no geographic location data, religious information, rare disease diagnoses or other high-risk indirect identifiers. - Re-identification Risk Assessment
Following the above de-identification steps, no combination of variables within the archived dataset can uniquely identify any single study participant. The dataset complies with public-domain open archiving standards and does not contain any traceable personal information.