Biological invasions have become a major threat to all agro-ecosystems, and estimating the bottom-up and top-down forces controlling invasive insects stands as a key challenge to lessen their burden on crops, forestry, and biodiversity. We combined ecological, metabarcoding, and population genomics analyses with an integrative modelling of the invasion of the global insect pest Dryocosmus kuriphilus to identify its control by chestnut tree resources, natural enemies, and its control agent, Torymus sinensis, in the Eastern Pyrenees. 3. The bottom-up factors, i.e., host tree frequency and genetic variations associated with a plant hypersensitive response, had effects 4-10 times greater than the native hyperparasite community on D. kuriphilus invasion potential (R₀). The >90% field rates of hyperparasitism by T. sinensis and the associated 80% reduction in D. kuriphilus infestation are likely to be deceptive, as our modelling predicts their long-term coexistence with periodic re-emergences. We conclude that bottom-up factors predominantly regulate D. kuriphilus’s invasion while natural enemies exert a limited control. The predicted coexistence and ‘co-invasion’ of D. kuriphilus and the introduced T. sinensis calls for a thorough assessment of the impact of these global pests and control agents on natural chestnut trees and native parasitoid communities.